Does Time to Pelvic Fixation Influence Outcomes in Trauma Patients?

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110562
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Taylor ◽  
Alison A. Smith ◽  
Alan Marr ◽  
Lance Stuke ◽  
Patrick Greiffenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Pelvic Fixation ◽  
Trauma Population ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Group

Background Pelvic fractures cause significant morbidity in the trauma population. Many factors influence time to fracture fixation. No previous study has determined the optimal time window for pelvic fixation. Methods A retrospective review of trauma patients with pelvic fractures from 2016 to 2020 was performed. Patients were stratified into EARLY and LATE groups, by time to fixation within 3 days or greater than 3 days whether from admission or from completion of a life-saving procedure. Unpaired Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test were performed with multiple linear regression for variables with P < .2 on univariate analysis. Results 287 patients were identified with a median fixation time of 3 days. There was no significant difference in demographics, incidence of preceding life-saving procedure, angioembolization, or mechanism of injury in the 2 groups ( P > .05). Length of stay in the EARLY group was significantly reduced at 11.9 +/− .7 days compared to 18.0 +/−1.2 days in the LATE group ( P < .001). There was no significant difference in rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism (PE), acute kidney injury (AKI), pressure ulcer, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( P > .05). There were significantly more SSIs (surgical site infections) in the LATE group. After multiple linear regression adjusting for covariates of age and ISS, the difference in hospital LOS was 5.5 days (95% CI −8.0 to −3.1, P < .001). Discussion Fixation of traumatic pelvic fractures within 3 days reduced LOS. Prospective multi-center studies will help identify additional factors to decrease time to surgery and improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Mortalité du sapin baumier défolié par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette dans la région de la Gatineau au Québec

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Yvan J. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Number Generator ◽  
Profit Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper presents a method of analysis which differentiates between spruce budworm caused mortality and regular mortality on balsam fir in the Gatineau region in Quebec. A first attempt was made using multiple linear regression and a uniform random number generator. In order to overcome the bias inherent to the least squares method when dealing with a binary (0,1) dependent variable, a profit analysis was also conducted. In this case, the parameters and their variance were estimated using likehood method. These two approaches proved to be equivalent when percent budworm caused mortality was compared within the 1958 to 1979 period covered by the data at hand, while the outbreak lasted from 1968 to 1975.In 1979, approximately 55% of the stems had been killed by the budworm, accounting for 53% of the volume. Maple-yellow birch associations were more affected than fir associations although no significant difference was found. Fir mortality was delayed by aerial spraying of insecticides but this advantage disappeared as soon as the spray operations came to an end.

Zinc deficiency: A cause of opioid-induced physical dependence and addiction in post-operative total hip arthroplasty patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Tantillo, DO ◽  
Manoj R. Jagtiani, DO ◽  
Eric R. Silverman, MD ◽  
Adam D. Bitterman, DO ◽  
Giles R. Scuderi, MD
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Total Hip

Objectives: Recently, opioid abuse and related overdoses have increased warranting the need for research directed against the opioid epidemic. Previous studies identified that patients on opioid therapy may become zinc deficient and that zinc, in a murine model, may antagonistically affect the opioid receptor.13 Further understanding the relationship between opioid use and zinc deficiency may mitigate the opioid epidemic.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to identify zinc (Zn2+) deficiencies among post-operative total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. On post-operative day one, patients had routine blood tests, including Zn2+ plasma levels. Patients were considered Zn2+-deficient if their Zn2+ plasma was 56 μg/dL (Reference: 56-134 μg/dL). Upon discharge from the hospital, the patients’ inpatient opioid medication consumption per day was determined by dividing total morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) by length of stay. A Student's t-test was performed to compare the total MMEs for Zn2+-deficient patients versus Zn2+-normal patients. A univariate analysis followed by multiple linear regression was performed to identify demographic or surgical predictors of MMEs/day. Results: For Zn2+-deficient patients, the total MMEs/day was 33.62 ( ± 27.06), as compared to Zn2+-normal patients who consumed 16.22 ( ±16.01) MMEs/day (p = 0.031). The univariate analysis and multiple linear regression showed that patients’ Zn2+ status had a significant contribution toward predicting MMEs/day, with p = 0.022 and p = 0.04, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Zn2+ deficiency may potentiate opioid consumption. Thus, Zn2+ supplementation may be a simple approach to reducing opioid addiction and dependence.

Biomechanics and Blood Pressure with Modeling of Pulse Wave Velocity Based on Multiple Linear Regression

2014 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Long Jia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Practical Test ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of present study is to build a multiple linear regression model using biomechanical theory to assess the relationship of pulse wave velocity (PWV) with blood pressure, height and age. By testing the PWV, blood pressure, height, weight of 164 female adults aged above 45 and existing data, the author constructed a multiple linear regression equation. Through comparing the practical test PWV values with the estimate values from regression model, the result showed that there was no significant difference between the model assessment and practical test values (t=0.833, p=.423>.05). Therefore, the regression model is fit for assessing PWV value by height, age, systolic and diastolic pressure.

scholarly journals Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Factors on Testosterone and SHBG in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Mohammed ◽  
Molham AL-Habori ◽  
Ahmed Abdullateef ◽  
Riyadh Saif-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Stepwise Linear Regression ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Testosterone ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Several studies have often reported low testosterone and SHBG to be associated with type 2 DM and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our objective was to determine the impact of metabolic syndrome and diabetic parameters on testosterone and SHBG in both MetS subjects and type 2 DM patients. Methods. In this study, 120 Yemeni male aged 30–70 years old were enrolled, 30 of whom were healthy subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2 that served as control, 30 MetS, 30 type 2 DM without MetS, and 30 type 2 DM with MetS according to IDF criteria. Results. Testosterone (free and total) and SHBG were significantly lower in MetS subjects and modestly reduced in type 2 DM with and without MetS. Stepwise linear regression showed free and total testosterone to be negatively affected by waist circumference, and univariate analysis shows this significant difference to disappear when adjusted for waist circumference. On the other hand, stepwise linear regression showed SHBG to be positively affected by testosterone and age and negatively affected by FBG and TG. Univariate analysis shows this observed significant difference to disappear when adjusted for testosterone. Conclusion. Abdominal obesity is a major determinant of low testosterone levels irrespective of diabetes status. Thus, supporting evidence suggesting that the causative relationship between the often low testosterone and type 2 DM might be bidirectional or even multidirectional and interrelated with obesity, MetS, and IR.

scholarly journals Smallholder Sugarcane Farmers’ Participation and Profitability of Factory Contracted Services in Malava Sub-County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Francis Lekololi Ambetsa ◽  
Samuel Njiri Ndirangu ◽  
Samuel Chege Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study evaluated the effect of participation in factory contracted services on the profitability of smallholder sugarcane farmers inMalava Sub-county in Western Kenya. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire from a sample of 384 farmers usingsystematic random sampling and proportionate sampling. Analysis of variance was applied to determine if there was a significant difference between profitability of contracted and non-contracted farmers. The effect of contracted services on profitability among contract farmers was analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results showed that contracted extension, labour and credit services had significant effect on farmers’ gross margins. The Kenyan government should formulate policies that enhance provision of contracted extension, labour and credit services. The need for a review of the existing contract engagement terms among sugarcane farmers is also evident in this study. Keywords: smallholder farms, sugarcane, contracted services, gross margins

scholarly journals Exposure to BTEX and Assessment of the Potential Risk among Pregnant Residents Living in the Vicinity of a Petro-chemical Industrial Estate

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Santi Keadthongthawee ◽  
Nipa Maharachpong ◽  
Sirirat Chanvaivit ◽  
Nalinee Sripaung ◽  
Nantaporn Phatrabuddha
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This research was conducted to estimate exposure and risk of exposure to BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene)by a cross-sectional studying among pregnant women who lived in the vicinity of a petro-chemical industrial estatearea. Personal exposure was monitored by environmental and biological sampling.Other relevant data were gathered by a structured questionnaire for analysis. The relationship between BTEX exposure and potential risk factors was determined by multiple linear regression. Average BTEX exposure levels were 18.89, 29.40, 10.26, and 17.85μg m-3, respectively, which were significantlyhigher than the control group. Urinary metabolite levels of muconic acid(t,t-MA), hippuric acid (HA),mandelic acid (MA), andmethyl-hippuric acid (mHA)were significantly higher in pregnant residents living in the vicinity of the petro-chemical industrial estate area.The correlation between women’s individual exposure to BTEX and theirurinary metabolites showed significantlydifference between groups.Risks of benzene and ethylbenzene exposure for these pregnant subjects were approximately 4.37x10-7 and 1.92x10-8lower than the acceptable limits of United States Environmental Protection Agency(US.EPA.) guidelines(10-6). The hazard index (HI) of these pregnant subjects a lifetime rate was 0.555 which was below the reference level(HI < 1).Multiple linear regression analysis found that t,t-MA, HA, MA, and mHAin the urine of all models were significantly (p<0.05)and positively related with BTEX in ambient air.The study showed that there was a low cancer risk for pregnant women in the petro-chemical industrial estatezone. However, when compared with the control area, a statistically significant difference was found in the relationship between BTEX content in ambient air and metabolites in the urine of pregnantwomen. The implication is that the responsible government agencies should implement health surveillancecontinuously.

Percutaneous versus Open Tracheostomy in the Pediatric Trauma Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Raju ◽  
D'Andrea K. Joseph ◽  
Cheickna Diarra ◽  
Steven E. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Trauma Population ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous versus open tracheostomy in the pediatric trauma population. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all tracheostomies performed on trauma patients younger than 18 years for an 8-year period. There was no difference in the incidence of brain, chest, or facial injury between the open and percutaneous tracheostomy groups. However, the open group had a significantly lower age (14.2 vs. 15.5 years; P < 0.01) and higher injury severity score (26 vs. 21; P = 0.015). Mean time from injury to tracheostomy was 9.1 days (range, 0 to 16 days) and was not different between the two methods. The majority of open tracheostomies were performed in the operating room and, of percutaneous tracheostomies, at the bedside. Concomitant feeding tube placement did not affect complication rates. There was not a significant difference between complication rates between the two methods of tracheostomy (percutaneous one of 29; open three of 20). Percutaneous tracheostomy can be safely performed in the injured older child.

scholarly journals Which Hard and Soft Tissue Factors Relate with the Amount of Buccal Corridor Space during Smiling?

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Hyung Yang ◽  
Dong-Seok Nahm ◽  
Seung-Hak Baek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Factors ◽  
Buccal Corridor

Abstract Objective: To investigate which hard and soft tissue factors relate with the amount of buccal corridor area (BCA) during posed smiling. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 92 adult patients (19 men and 73 women; 56 four first bicuspids extraction and 36 nonextraction treatment cases; mean age = 23.5 years), who were treated only with a fixed appliance and finished with Angle Class I canine and molar relationships. To eliminate the crowding effect on the buccal corridor area, lateral cephalograms, dental casts, and standardized frontal posed smile photographs were obtained at debonding stage and 28 variables were measured. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and independent t-test were used to find variables that were related with buccal corridor area ratio (BCAR). Results: Among the lateral cephalometric and dental cast variables, FMA, lower anterior facial height, upper incisor (U1) exposure, U1 to facial plane, lower incisor (L1) to mandibular plane, L1 to N-B, Sn (subnasale) to soft tissue menton (Me′), Sn to stomodium superius (stms), stms to Me′, and interpremolar width were significantly negatively correlated with BCAR. Occlusal plane inclination and buccal corridor linear ratio did not show any significant correlation with BCAR. Multiple linear regression analysis generated a three-variable model: Sn to Me′, U1 exposure, and sum of tooth material (STM) (R2 = 0.324). There was no significant difference in BCAR between extraction and nonextraction groups. Conclusions: To control the amount of BCA for achieving a better esthetic smile, it is necessary to observe the vertical pattern of the face, amount of upper incisor exposure, and sum of the tooth material.

scholarly journals Embolization in Trauma Patients: What Trauma Radiologists Should Know

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Aoki ◽  
Shokei Matsumoto ◽  
Yukitoshi Toyoda ◽  
Satomi Senoo ◽  
Yukio Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Inferior Phrenic Artery ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Limited information exists on embolization for trauma patients regarding arteries embolized, embolic materials used, and embolization duration. We clarified the clinical application of embolization in trauma patients and factors associated with a prolonged procedure time. Methods Medical records of 162 trauma patients who underwent embolization between January 2007 and December 2020 at a regional trauma care center were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into six embolized body regions: cerebrovascular, chest, abdomen, pelvis, peripheral, and other. Patient demographics, trauma mechanism, physiology, trauma severity, embolization procedures, and 30-day mortality were examined. The primary outcome was identifying an embolized body region and arteries, and secondary outcome was procedure time. Results Embolization was mainly performed in pelvic fractures (n = 96, 59%) and abdominal organ injuries (n = 57, 35%) and extended to the chest (n = 17, 10%), cerebrovascular (n = 8, 4.9%), peripheral (n = 5, 3.1%), and other (n = 7, 4.3%) regions. Approximately 13% (n = 21) of patients underwent embolization in ≥2 regions. Embolization was more strictly performed in minor artery injuries, e.g. external iliac (n = 15, 16%) and lumbar artery (n = 22, 23%) branches in pelvic fractures, and inferior phrenic artery (n = 2, 3.5%) branches in liver injuries. Non-selective embolization for a pelvic fracture tended to show a shorter procedure time despite no statistically significant difference (p = 0.056). For a longer procedure time, the number of embolized arteries (R = 0.357) and embolized body regions (R = 0.428) correlated. Conclusions Embolizations for trauma patients extended to various trauma regions. In time-sensitive embolization, emergency interventional radiologists showed superior knowledge of expected embolizing arteries and factors associated with procedure time.

scholarly journals Modeling the Labor Force Participation Rate of the Philippines through Multiple Linear Regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4987-4998
Author(s):  
Angelu G. Leynes Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Significant Difference

The main purpose of this study is to formulate a mathematical regression model showing the significant effect of the independent variables to the dependent variable. The researchers obtained the quarterly data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) limited only from 2001 to 2016 with a total of 448 observations. The data include the following factors: Employment Rate (X1), Underemployment Rate (X2), Gross National Income (X3), Household Population 15 yrs+ (X4) and Gross Domestic Product (X5) as independent variables that can affect the Labor Force Participation Rate in the Philippines. The researchers use the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences as a statistical tool for recording and analyzing the quarterly data. The researchers employed two main statistical treatments which are subjected at 1% level of significance: Pearson R Correlation, to determine which of the independent variables have significant relationship with the dependent variable; and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, to formulate the fitted mathematical model for the dependent variable. According to the results gathered, three out of five independent variables become the predictors of Labor Force Participation Rate which are included in the fitted model. Moreover, the researchers also utilize the Paired-T test to find if the predicted values and the actual values of the dependent variable have significant difference with each other

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