Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: “Connecting the Dots” in Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

Angiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Kouvas ◽  
Costas Tsioufis ◽  
Nikolaos Vogiatzakis ◽  
Elias Sanidas ◽  
Dimitrios Konstantinidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Connecting The Dots ◽  
The Relationship

There is robust evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies showing that elevated heart rate (HR) constitutes a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension, underlining the significance of HR measurement in them. Autonomous nervous system dysfunction and atherosclerosis are important features in the pathogenesis of the untoward events. However, the relationship between HR and blood pressure (BP) is complex and differs depending on the type of BP measurement which is considered. This differentiation implicates complex physiological mechanisms and is of clinical importance regarding the divergent effect of the different types of antihypertensive agents on these parameters. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between HR and BP based on epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies.

scholarly journals An observational comparative study of different doses of azilsartan and with chlorthalidone combination in moderate hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Tamoghna Maiti ◽  
Sonai Mandal ◽  
Ratul Banerjee ◽  
Sourav Chakrabarty ◽  
Amrita Panda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Dose Combination

Background: High blood pressure (BP) is one of the significant non-communicable diseases that are of high prevalence in our country. Hypertension (HTN) is responsible cause of 57% of stroke and 24% of coronary heart disease deaths in India. Eight classes of medications are currently used in the treatment of hypertension. Azilsartan medoxomil is a newly added FDA approved drug to the ARB class of antihypertensive agents. azilsartan and chlorthalidone combination is also got the FDA approval. There is limited study in between these two groups regarding efficacy especially in rural Bengal.Methods: A prospective observational study was done in medicine OPD of Bankura Sammilani Medical College for twelve weeks with two groups that are azilsartan (80mg) and fixed dose combination of azilsartan (40mg) plus chlorthalidone (12.5mg) in the age group of 18 to 55years of moderate hypertensive patients. Change of heart rate was assessed as safety parameter.Results: It was found that both the group of drugs are very much effective in lowering blood pressure constantly in respect of both systolic and diastolic BP but azilsartan monotherapy in high dose reduce systolic blood pressure slightly high. Significant change of heart rate was not seen with both the groups.Conclusions: Both the group was effective as well as safe in hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Contribution of BKCa channels to local metabolic coronary vasodilation: effects of metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. H966-H973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léna Borbouse ◽  
Gregory M. Dick ◽  
Gregory A. Payne ◽  
Brittany D. Payne ◽  
Mark C. Svendsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Bkca Channels ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lactate Uptake ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Relationship

This investigation was designed to examine the hypothesis that impaired function of coronary microvascular large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly attenuates the balance between myocardial oxygen delivery and metabolism at rest and during exercise-induced increases in myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇o2). Studies were conducted in conscious, chronically instrumented Ossabaw swine fed a normal maintenance diet (11% kcal from fat) or an excess calorie atherogenic diet (43% kcal from fat, 2% cholesterol, 20% kcal from fructose) that induces many common features of MetS. Data were collected under baseline/resting conditions and during graded treadmill exercise before and after selective blockade of BKCa channels with penitrem A (10 μg/kg iv). We found that the exercise-induced increases in blood pressure were significantly elevated in MetS swine. No differences in baseline cardiac function or heart rate were noted. Induction of MetS produced a parallel downward shift in the relationship between coronary venous Po2 and MV̇o2 ( P < 0.001) that was accompanied by a marked release of lactate (negative lactate uptake) as MV̇o2 was increased with exercise ( P < 0.005). Inhibition of BKCa channels with penitrem A did not significantly affect blood pressure, heart rate, or the relationship between coronary venous Po2 and MV̇o2 in lean or MetS swine. These data indicate that BKCa channels are not required for local metabolic control of coronary blood flow under physiological (lean) or pathophysiological (MetS) conditions. Therefore, diminished function of BKCa channels does not contribute to the impairment of myocardial oxygen-supply demand balance in MetS.

OP-224: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE PATTERN AND HEART RATE TURBULENCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. S90
Author(s):  
S. Okutucu ◽  
U.N. Karakulak ◽  
G. Kabakci ◽  
E. Demiri ◽  
S.G. Fatihoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Turbulence ◽  
Pressure Pattern ◽  
Circadian Blood Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

Ambulatory Activity and Simple Cardiorespiratory Parameters at Rest and Submaximal Exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Barbara E. Ainsworth ◽  
Melicia C. Whitt ◽  
Raymond W. Thompson ◽  
Cheryl L. Addy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between objectively determined ambulatory activity and simple cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate and blood pressure at rest and during submaximal exercise) in individuals who were stratified for self-reported participation (yes/any vs. no/none) in vigorous physical activity (PA). Ninety-eight subjects (African Americans: 7 M, 16 F; Caucasians: 33 M, 42 F; mean age 46.4 ± 15.4 yrs; mean BMI 26.7 ± 4.8) wore a pedometer for 21 consecutive days and completed a 10-min submaximal treadmill graded exercise test with HR (beats/min) and BP (mmHg) measured while walking at 4.8 km/hr and a 10% grade. Subjects averaged 7,618 ± 3,045 steps/day. There were no differences in steps/day by self-reported vigorous PA strata. There was an inverse relationship (r = −0.35, p = 0.03) between steps/day and resting HR in subjects who reported no vigorous PA. There was an inverse relationship (r = −0.22, p = 0.04) between steps/day and submaximal HR in all subjects. When stratified for self-reported vigorous PA, the inverse relationship between steps/day and submaximal HR was stronger for those reporting no vigorous PA (r = −0.39, p = 0.01) vs. those reporting any vigorous PA (r = 0.28, p = 0.05). There was no relationship between steps/day and BP at rest or during exercise in this normotensive sample. Key words: walking, blood pressure, heart rate

The Relationship Among Heart Rate, Carotid dP/dt, and Blood Pressure in Humans as a Function of the Type of Stress

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Obrist ◽  
Claude J. Gaebelein ◽  
Emily S. Teller ◽  
Alan W. Langer ◽  
Alberto Grignolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Effect of moderate physical exercises on the relationship of variability of the heart rhythm with the level of blood pressure and hemodynamic functions in women with essential hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Б.И. Кузник ◽  
Ю.Н. Смоляков ◽  
Е.С. Гусева ◽  
С.О. Давыдов ◽  
И.В. Файн
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Цель исследования - выявление взаимосвязи между показателями вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР), кровяным давлением и гемодинамическими функциями у женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью (ГБ) и находящихся на медикаментозной терапии (ГБ-1), либо в дополнение к этому, проходящих регулярные курсы кинезитерапии (ГБ-2). Методика. Наблюдения проведены на 72 женщинах, страдающих артериальной гипертензией II стадии. В группу ГБ-1 вошли 37 женщин с ГБ, находящихся на медикаментозной терапии, в группу ГБ-2 - 35 женщин с ГБ, которые, помимо медикаментозной терапии, регулярно проходили на протяжении 2-3 лет по 3-4 полуторамесячных курса кинезитерапии (управляемые умеренные физические нагрузки). Для изучения гемодинамики был использован датчик динамического рассеяния света (miniature Dynamic Light Scattering - mDLS) от Elfi-Tech (Rehovot, Israel), измеряющий сигналы, инициированные кожным кровотоком, и использующий методику разложения сигнала на частотные компоненты, связанные с разными гемодинамическими источниками. Из пульсовой компоненты mDLS сигнала извлекалась информация о вариабельности RR-интервалов и рассчитывались индикаторы вариабельности сердечного ритма. Введен показатель «гемодинамический индекс» (Hemodynamic Index - HI). Зависимость HI от скорости сдвига интерпретируется путем сопоставления каждой полосе частот определенной скорости сдвига (HI1 - низкочастотный, HI2 - промежуточный, HI3 - высокочастотный). Использованы следующие относительные (RHI, Relative Hemodynamic Index) и осцилляторные (OHI, Oscillatory Hemodynamic Indexes) гемодинамические индексы: нейрологический (NEUR), Майера (MAYER), дыхательный (RESP) и пульсовой (PULSE). ВСР показатели включали: HR (Heart Rate), PWR (Power) - общую мощность колебаний, LF (Low Frequency), HF (High Frequency), SDNN (Standard Deviation of the Normal-to-Normal), RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences), а также индексы: CVI (Cardiac Vagal Index) и CSI (Cardiac Sympathetic Index). Результаты. У женщин, находящихся исключительно на медикаментозной терапии (ГБ-1), выявляются отрицательные взаимосвязи LF и LF/HF с систолическим, средним и пульсовым давлением. При ГБ-2 проявляются отрицательные связи PWR, LF, HF с пульсовым давлением. При ГБ-1 обнаружены положительные взаимосвязи между HR и гемодинамическими индексами HI1, RHI2 и отрицательная взаимосвязь с RHI3, а также между RMSSD и RHI3 и между HF и HI1/HI3. У пациенток ГБ-2 обнаружена отрицательная корреляция SDNN и RHI1, а также PWR и RHI1; положительные взаимосвязи между PWR и HI2, HI3, RHI2, HF и RHI3 и LF/HF с HI1/HI3; отрицательные связи HF c HI1/HI3 и с RHI1, а также между LF/HF и RHI3, CSI и RHI3. У больных ГБ-1 имеются прямые связи между SDNN, PWR, LF, HF, CVI и NEUR_HI1, что свидетельствует о действии этих факторов на эндотелиальный кровоток (HI1). В группе ГБ-2 установлено наличие лишь положительных связей между LF, HF и NEUR_HI3. У больных ГБ-1 на уровень АД влияют все без исключения осцилляторные ритмы, которые могут оказывать как отрицательное (с MAYER_HI1, PULSE_HI2), так и положительное (MAYER_HI2, RESP_HI3) влияние. У больных ГБ-2 взаимосвязи АД с осцилляторными индексами не обнаружены. Заключение. Уменьшение в группе ГБ-2 по сравнению с больными группы ГБ-1 числа факторов, влияющих на АД и гемодинамику, носит более совершенный и благоприятный характер, что и обеспечивает более быструю и устойчивую нормализацию артериального давления. Aim. To study the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure and hemodynamic functions in women with essential hypertension (EH) receiving a drug therapy alone (EH-1) or in combination with regular courses of kinesitherapy (EH-2). Methods. The study included 72 women with EH. The EH-1 group consisted of 37 women with stage II arterial hypertension. The EH-2 group consisted of 35 women with stage II arterial hypertension who underwent 3-4 1.5-month courses of kinesitherapy (controlled moderate physical activity) on a regular basis for 2-3 years. Hemodynamics was studied with a miniature Dynamic Light Scattering (mDLS) sensor from Elfi-Tech (Rehovot, Israel), which measures signals initiated by the skin blood flow by decomposing the signal into frequency components associated with different hemodynamic sources. Information on the RR interval variability was extracted from the pulse component of mDLS signal, and indicators of heart rate variability were calculated. A Hemodynamic Index (HI) was introduced. The HI dependence on shear rate was interpreted by matching each frequency band with a specific shear rate (HI1, low-frequency; HI2, intermediate; HI3, high-frequency). The following relative (RHI, Relative Hemodynamic Index) and oscillatory (OHI, Oscillatory Hemodynamic Indexes) indexes were used: neurological (NEUR), Mayer (MAYER), respiratory (RESP), and pulse (PULSE) ones. The HRV indexes included HR (Heart Rate), PWR (Power, total oscillation power), LF (Low Frequency), HF (High Frequency), SDNN (Standard Deviation of the Normal-to-Normal), RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences). CVI (Cardiac Vagal Index), and CSI (Cardiac Sympathetic Index). Results. In women who were on drug therapy alone (EH-1), negative relationships were found for LF and LF/HF with systolic, mean and pulse pressure. For EH-2, PWR, LF, and HF negatively correlated with pulse pressure. For EH-1, HR positively correlated with the hemodynamic indices HI1 and RHI2 and negatively correlated with RHI3; RMSSD negatively correlated with RHI3; and HF negatively correlated with HI1/HI3. For patients with EH-2, negative correlations were observed for SDNN and RHI1, PWR and RHI1; positive correlations were found between PWR and HI2; HI3, RHI2, HF and RHI3; and between LF/HF and HI1/HI3. HF negatively correlated with HI1/HI3 and with RHI1. LF/HF negatively correlated with RHI3, and CSI negatively correlated with RHI3. In patients with EH-1, SDNN, PWR, LF, HF, CVI, and NEUR_HI1 were directly related, which indicated an effect of these factors on the endothelial blood flow (HI1). In the EH-2 group, only positive correlations were found between LF, HF, and NEUR_HI3. In EH-1 patients, all oscillatory rhythms influenced BP; this influence could be both negative (for MAYER_HI1, PULSE_HI2) and positive (for MAYER_HI2, RESP_HI3). In EH-2 patients, no relationship was found between blood pressure and oscillatory indices. Conclusion. The smaller number of factors influencing blood pressure and hemodynamics in the EH-2 group compared to the EH-1 group was more beneficial and favorable, which ensured faster and steadier normalization of blood pressure.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE TO VO2MAX IN ADOLESCENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
TYAS SARI RATNA NINGRUM
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
A Value ◽  
Blood Pressure Data ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan : Selama aktivitas fisik yang kita lakukan maka akan terjadi perubahan tekanan darah denyut nadi sebagai respon untuk mengangkut O2 ke otot yang sedang beraktivitas. Adolescent usia 18-21 tahun jaman sekarang memiliki masalah terkait dengan gerak yang mengakibatkan menurunnya ketahanan latihan. Tujuan : menganalisa hubungan antara perubahan tekanan darah dan nadi terhadap VO2Max dan menganalisa seberapa erat hubungannya. Metode : penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observatif dengan Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling  dengan desain point time approach sejumlah 183 sampel dengan kriteria usia 18-21 tahun. Variabel independent pada penelitian ini adalah ketahanan latihan, dan variabel dependent adalah perubahan tekanan darah dan perubahan frekuensi nadi. Data diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak untuk Analisa data. Hasil : Dari uji normalitas data menggunakan Kolmogorov Smirnov untuk data tekanan darah dengan nilai 0.509, data nadi  dengan nilai 0.069, data VO2Max dengan nilai 0.060. Uji Analisa data menggunakan uji pearson product moment  menghasilkan nilai tekanan darah -0.000 dengan nilai r -0.029 dan nilai -0.029. Kesimpulan : terdapat hubungan perubahan tekanan darah dan nadi terhadap VO2Max. Kata Kunci : Tekanan darah, Nadi, VO2Max   ABSTRACT Introduction: During the physical activity that we do, there will be a change in pulse blood pressure in response to transporting O2 to the muscles that are on the move. Adolescents 18-21 years of age today have problems related to movement that result in decreased resistance training. Purpose: to analyze the relationship between changes in blood pressure and pulse to VO2Max and to analyze how closely it is. Methods: This study is an observative study using purposive sampling technique with a point time approach design with a total of 183 samples with criteria aged 18-21 years. The independent variable in this study is exercise resistance, and the dependent variable is changes in blood pressure and changes in pulse frequency. The data is processed using software for data analysis. Results: From the data normality test using Kolmogorov Smirnov for blood pressure data with a value of 0.509, pulse data with a value of 0.069, VO2Max data with a value of 0.060. Test Data analysis using the Pearson product moment test resulted in a blood pressure value of -0.000 with a value of r -0.029 and a value of -0.029. Conclusion: there is a relationship between changes in blood pressure and pulse to VO2Max. Keyword : Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, VO2Max

scholarly journals Associations of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate and Their Contribution to the Development of Cardiovascular Complications and All-Cause Mortality in the Russian Population of 25-64 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-769
Author(s):  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
V. A. Kutsenko ◽  
A. V. Kapustina ◽  
E. B. Yarovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. To study the relationship of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in a sample of men and women 25-64 years old and their predictive value for the development of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality from all causes.Material and methods. Prospective observation was for cohorts of the population aged 25-64 years from 11 regions of the Russian Federation. 18,251 people were included in the analysis. Each participant gave written informed consent. All surveyed persons were interviewed with a standard questionnaire. BP was measured on the right hand with an automatic tonometer. BP and HR were measured twice with an interval of 2-3 min with the calculation of the average value. The patients were divided into 4 groups: the first group with BP<140/90 ><140/90 mm Hg and HR≤80 beats/min; the second group – BP<140/><140/90 mm Hg and HR>80; the third group – BP≥140/90 mm Hg and HR≤80; the fourth group – BP≥140/90 mm Hg and HR>80 beats/min. Risk factors and cardiovascular history were analyzed as well. Deaths over 6 years of follow-up occurred in 393 people (141 – from CVD). Statistical analysis was performed using the open source R3.6.1 system.Results. A HR>80 beats/min was found in 26.3% of people with BP≥140/90 mm Hg, regardless of medication. Analysis of the associations between HR and BP showed that for every increase in HR by 10 beats/min, systolic BP increases by 3 mm Hg. (p<0.0001). The group with HR>80 beats/min and BP≥140/90 mm Hg had the shortest life expectancy (p<0.001). Adding an increased HR to BP≥140/90 mm Hg significantly><0.001). Adding an increased HR to BP≥140/90 mm Hg significantly worsened the prognosis of patients. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of cardiovascular survival. Elevated BP and elevated HR had the same effect on outcomes, except for the combined endpoint, where the contribution of elevated BP was predominant. However, their combined effect was the largest and highly significant for the development of the studied outcomes, even after adjusting for other predictors. With an increase in HR by every 10 beats/min, the risk of mortality increased statistically significantly by 22%.Conclusion. The prevalence of HR>80 beats/min in people with BP≥140 mm Hg amounted to 26.34%. Every 10 beats/min significantly increases the risk of mortality by 22%. Increased HR with elevated BP leads to increased adverse outcomes.

Baroreflex modulation of sympathetic nerve activity to muscle in heat-stressed humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. R252-R258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Cui ◽  
Thad E. Wilson ◽  
Craig G. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Relationship

To identify whether whole body heating alters arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), MSNA and beat-by-beat arterial blood pressure were recorded in seven healthy subjects during acute hypotensive and hypertensive stimuli in both normothermic and heat stress conditions. Whole body heating significantly increased sublingual temperature ( P < 0.01), MSNA ( P < 0.01), heart rate ( P< 0.01), and skin blood flow ( P < 0.001), whereas mean arterial blood pressure did not change significantly ( P > 0.05). During both normothermic and heat stress conditions, MSNA increased and then decreased significantly when blood pressure was lowered and then raised via intravenous bolus infusions of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine HCl, respectively. The slope of the relationship between MSNA and diastolic blood pressure during heat stress (−128.3 ± 13.9 U · beats−1 · mmHg−1) was similar ( P = 0.31) with normothermia (−140.6 ± 21.1 U · beats−1 · mmHg−1). Moreover, no significant change in the slope of the relationship between heart rate and systolic blood pressure was observed. These data suggest that arterial baroreflex modulation of MSNA and heart rate are not altered by whole body heating, with the exception of an upward shift of these baroreflex curves to accommodate changes in these variables that occur with whole body heating.

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