scholarly journals Intranasal Septal Splints: Prophylactic Antibiotics and Nasal Microbiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Amit Ritter ◽  
Uri Alkan ◽  
Dafna Yahav ◽  
Ethan Soudry ◽  
Ella Reifen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Type Strains

Objectives: Intranasal septal splints are often used in nasal septal surgeries. Routine use of postoperative antibiotics is an accepted practice, although data regarding its efficacy in preventing postsurgical complications are limited. This study aimed to examine bacterial colonization on septal splints following prophylactic antibiotic therapy and the association with postoperative infections. Methods: Fifty-five patients underwent septoplasty by a single surgeon between March 2015 and April 2016. All had intranasal septal splints and were given antibiotic prophylaxis for 7 days until removal of splints. Nasal cultures were taken before surgery, and septal splints were examined for bacterial colonization following their removal. Results: Thirty-six patients (65%) had positive nasal culture prior to surgery. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (30%) and Enterobacteriaceae species (66%). All these patients had postoperative bacterial colonization on septal splints. In 15 patients with negative preoperative cultures, bacteria were isolated postoperatively. An increased resistance profile was documented postoperatively in 9 patients (16%), including two with multidrug resistance. In two of these patients preoperative wild-type strains acquired antibiotic resistance postoperatively. No adverse drug reactions to antibiotics were reported. Conclusions: Increased bacterial growth and emergence of resistant strains were observed on intranasal septal splints despite prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Nonetheless, this did not translate into clinical infection. Thus, considering antibiotics overuse and increasing bacterial resistance, further research is needed to determine the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in the setting of intranasal splints.

A Study of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Unconscious Patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-202
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Unconscious Patients

A group of 72 comatose patients with no evidence of infection were studied in order to establish the influence of prophylactic antibiotics on their subsequent course. Of this group, 32 were treated with penicillin and streptomycin or tetracycline, and 10 received sulfisoxazole or nitrofurantoin; the remaining 30 patients served as controls and received no prophylactic therapy. It was found that there was no difference in mortality between the treated and the untreated groups. However, pulmonary complications developed in 45% of the prophylactically treated group whereas only 15% of the untreated patients developed such complications. In the treated group, bacteremia due to a gram-negative rod occurred in two patients who died. In addition, the usual nasopharyngeal flora of the treated patients was replaced by gram-negative rods. The authors conclude that "prophylactic antibiotic therapy is of no benefit, and is distinctly hazardous in unconscious patients."

scholarly journals The Role of Bacterial Colonization of the Suture Thread in Early Identification and Targeted Antibiotic Treatment of Surgical Site Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4416
Author(s):  
Francesco Iovino ◽  
Federica Calò ◽  
Consiglia Orabona ◽  
Alessandra Pizza ◽  
Francesca Fisone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Suture Thread

Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of the colonization of suture thread to identify patients at risk of developing a surgical site infection (SSI) after clean surgical procedures. Methods: Patients who underwent elective clean surgery procedures at the Surgery Unit of the AOU-University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli in a 21-month period were prospectively enrolled. For each patient, a synthetic absorbable thread in Lactomer 9-1 was inserted into the surgical site at the end of surgery and microbiologically evaluated after 48 h. Antibiotic prophylaxis was chosen according to international guidelines. Results: A total of 238 patients were enrolled; 208 (87.4%) of them were subjected to clean procedures without the placement of prosthesis, and 30 (12.6%) with prosthesis. Of the 238 patients, 117 (49.2%) underwent an antimicrobial prophylaxis. Overall, 79 (33.2%) patients showed a bacterial colonization of the thread: among the 208 without the implantation of prosthesis, 19 (21.8%) of the 87 with antibiotic prophylaxis and in 58 (47.9%) of the 121 without it; among the 30 patients with the implantation of prosthesis, only two patients showed a colonized thread. The patients with antibiotic prophylaxis developed a colonization of the thread less frequently than those without it (17.9% vs. 47.9%, p < 0.001). SSI was observed in six (2.5%) patients, all of them showing a colonized thread (7.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). The bacteria identified in colonized threads were the same as those found in SSIs. Conclusions: Our study presents a new method that is able to precociously assess patients who have undergone clean procedures who may develop SSI, and identify the microorganism involved.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Transarterial Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xiao Dong He ◽  
You Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment

Transarterial therapies, either alone or in conjunction with adjuvant therapies, have been demonstrated to improve survival rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although generally well tolerated and widely used for more than two decades, transarterial procedures have been reported to be associated with several infectious complications when performed in patients with HCC. However, the question of whether antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary for patients undergoing transarterial procedures for HCC remains controversial. Accordingly, this meta-analysis examined clinical trial evidence regarding the effects of prophylactic antibiotic therapy versus no prophylactic treatment with respect to infectious complications in patients undergoing transarterial therapy for HCC.BACKGROUND: The use of prophylactic antibiotics against postprocedure infection in patients undergoing transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is controversial.AIM: To compare the effects of prophylactic antibiotic treatment and no prophylactic antibiotic treatment on infectious complications following transarterial procedures.METHODS: Clinical trials fulfilling predefined selection criteria were identified by searching several bibliographic databases; a meta-analysis was performed where appropriate.RESULTS: Four trials of inadequate quality consisting of 210 patients were included in the analysis. Only one case of possible postprocedure infection in each group was reported. The rate of patients developing fever (RR 0.91 [95% CI 0.61 to 1.35]), changes in peripheral white blood cell count or serum C-reactive protein levels, and the mean length of hospital stay (mean difference 0.20 [95% CI 0.75 to 1.14]) showed no significant intergroup differences between antibiotic and no antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, the results of the present study indicated that the incidence of bacteremia, septicemia, sepsis or hepatic abscess after transarterial therapy was rare.CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma may not be routinely necessary. However, a more judicious use of antibiotics is recommended for patients who are at an increased risk of infection. Nevertheless, prospective trials on a larger scale are clearly needed.

Immune Activation after Apicoectomy: Comparison between Patients with and without Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy

Pteridines ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Andersson ◽  
Th. Bernhart ◽  
M. Hönlinger ◽  
G. Mailath ◽  
H. Wachter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Urinary Neopterin ◽  
Front Region

Summary In humans neopterin concentrations represent a sensItive index of cell-mediated immune activation. In a previous study, we found significantly increasing neopterin concentrations in patients after dental extractions. In this study, we investigated whether prophylactic antibiotic treatment of patients influenced the course of neopterin levels in patients with apicoectomy. Urinary neopterin concentrations were monitored in 23 patients with apicoectomy in the front region. Urine samples were collected before and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 after apicoectomy. Six patients received antibiotic therapy, 17 were without such treatment. We found that average neopterin concentrations increased preferentially in patients not treated with antibiotics whereas pateints treated with antibiotics showed only a moderate increase of neopterin levels which returned to normal within three days. We conclude that antibiotic treatment is able to reduce immune activation which is frequently seen in patients after apicoectomy, and we assume this maybe also true in patients after dental extractions. Most likely transient bacteraemia is the cause of immune activation in such patients. However, an inhibitory influence of antibiotics on cytokine cascades cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Polymeric Micro/Nano-Structures with Intrinsic Antifouling/Antimicrobial Properties: Relevance in Damaged Skin and Other Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Milazzo ◽  
Giuseppe Gallone ◽  
Elena Marcello ◽  
Maria Donatella Mariniello ◽  
Luca Bruschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Bacterial colonization of implanted biomedical devices is the main cause of healthcare-associated infections, estimated to be 8.8 million per year in Europe. Many infections originate from damaged skin, which lets microorganisms exploit injuries and surgical accesses as passageways to reach the implant site and inner organs. Therefore, an effective treatment of skin damage is highly desirable for the success of many biomaterial-related surgical procedures. Due to gained resistance to antibiotics, new antibacterial treatments are becoming vital to control nosocomial infections arising as surgical and post-surgical complications. Surface coatings can avoid biofouling and bacterial colonization thanks to biomaterial inherent properties (e.g., super hydrophobicity), specifically without using drugs, which may cause bacterial resistance. The focus of this review is to highlight the emerging role of degradable polymeric micro- and nano-structures that show intrinsic antifouling and antimicrobial properties, with a special outlook towards biomedical applications dealing with skin and skin damage. The intrinsic properties owned by the biomaterials encompass three main categories: (1) physical–mechanical, (2) chemical, and (3) electrostatic. Clinical relevance in ear prostheses and breast implants is reported. Collecting and discussing the updated outcomes in this field would help the development of better performing biomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies, which are useful to prevent infections.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Adverse Effects of Long-Term Azithromycin Use in Patients with Chronic Lung Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Ding-Hui Liu ◽  
Lu-Lu Chen ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Yan-Zhe Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

ABSTRACTThe adverse effects of azithromycin on the treatment of patients with chronic lung diseases (CLD) were evaluated in the present study. MEDLINE and other databases were searched for relevant articles published until August 2013. Randomized controlled trials that enrolled patients with chronic lung diseases who received long-term azithromycin treatment were selected, and data on microbiological studies and azithromycin-related adverse events were abstracted from articles and analyzed. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bacterial resistance in patients receiving long-term azithromycin treatment was increased 2.7-fold (risk ratio [RR], 2.69 [95% confidence interval {95% CI}, 1.249, 5.211]) compared with the risk in patients receiving placebo treatment. On the other hand, the risk of bacterial colonization decreased in patients receiving azithromycin treatment (RR, 0.551 [95% CI, 0.460, 0.658]). Patients receiving long-term azithromycin therapy were at risk of increased impairment of hearing (RR, 1.168 [95% CI, 1.030, 1.325]). This analysis provides evidence supporting the idea that bacterial resistance can develop with long-term azithromycin treatment. Besides the increasingly recognized anti-inflammatory role of azithromycin used in treating chronic lung diseases, we should be aware of the potential for adverse events with its long-term use.

scholarly journals The Role of Orientation of Surface Bound Dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHP) on Biological Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taunk ◽  
Chen ◽  
Iskander ◽  
Ho ◽  
Almohaywi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Quorum sensing (QS) signaling system is important for bacterial growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation resulting in numerous infectious diseases. Dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHPs) represent a novel class of antimicrobial agents that inhibit QS, and are less prone to develop bacterial resistance due to their non-growth inhibition mechanism of action which does not cause survival pressure on bacteria. DHPs can prevent bacterial colonization and quorum sensing when covalently bound to substrates. In this study, the role of orientation of DHP compounds was investigated after covalent attachment by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling reaction to amine-functionalized glass surfaces via various positions of the DHP scaffold. The functionalized glass surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements and tested for their in vitro biological activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. DHPs attached via the N-1 position resulted in the highest antibacterial activities against S. aureus, while no difference was observed for DHPs attached either via the N-1 position or the C-4 phenyl ring against P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Prevention of the Inflammatory Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
O. Tymofieiev ◽  
◽  
Ie. Fesenko ◽  
N. Ushko ◽  
M. Yarifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy

Conducting of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in patient after surgical interventions in oral and maxillofacial surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. The general questions of prophylaxis, oral microflora are considered. Recommendations on the antibiotic prophylaxis in oral and maxillofacial surgery are given.

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