scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the PICU Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Sobotka ◽  
Sarah Peters ◽  
Neethi P. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affecting 11% of children and adolescents, increases risk for injury and may predispose children to illness. However, the prevalence of ADHD and other developmental disorders in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) has not been previously studied. We performed a single-center, prospective cohort study of children aged 6 to 12 years who were hospitalized in the PICU from May through August 2016. Parents described their child’s educational and neurodevelopmental history, and completed ADHD and emotional/behavioral disorder screening on enrollment and 1 month after discharge. Twenty-four children were enrolled. Ten patients (42%) had a prior neurodevelopmental diagnosis, and 7 (29%) met study criteria for ADHD. Children hospitalized for critical illness have a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disabilities and are more susceptible to the impact of critical illness on development and behavior. More research is needed to better understand how to support this vulnerable population after critical illness.

scholarly journals Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the impact of methylphenidate on working memory, inhibition capacity and mental flexibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Bolfer ◽  
Sandra Pasquali Pacheco ◽  
Miriam Harumi Tsunemi ◽  
Walter Souza Carreira ◽  
Beatriz Borba Casella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Flexibility ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective To compare children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), before and after the use of methylphenidate, and a control group, using tests of working memory, inhibition capacity and mental flexibility. Methods Neuropsychological tests were administrated to 53 boys, 9–12 years old: the WISC-III digit span backward, and arithmetic; Stroop Color; and Trail Making Tests. The case group included 23 boys with ADHD, who were combined type, treatment-naive, and with normal intelligence without comorbidities. The control group (n = 30) were age and gender matched. After three months on methylphenidate, the ADHD children were retested. The control group was also retested after three months. Results Before treatment, ADHD children had lower scores than the control group on the tests (p ≤ 0.001) and after methylphenidate had fewer test errors than before (p ≤ 0.001) Conclusion Methylphenidate treatment improves the working memory, inhibitory control and mental flexibility of ADHD boys.

Trial-Based Functional Analyses With a Student Identified With an Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Flanagan ◽  
Ruth M. DeBar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Collection Methods

A trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) offers several advantages beneficial for classroom settings. TBFA can be completed rapidly, requires fewer resources than traditional functional analyses (FAs), can occur in the natural environment during typically scheduled activities, and involves less intense data collection methods. However, a number of areas remain to be explored including whether TBFA can be applied to populations beyond those with developmental disorders and whether modifications typically employed in traditional FAs (e.g., idiosyncratic functions) can be applied to TBFA. The present study built upon existing research by completing TBFA with a student identified with an emotional behavioral disorder (EBD), modifying conditions to explore idiosyncratic variables that may be responsible for problem behavior, and including the classroom teacher during the TBFA.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Latihan Integrasi Visual Motorik terhadap Kemampuan Kesiapan Menulis Anak Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prasaja Prasaja ◽  
Linda Harumi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Motor Integration ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Therapy Clinic

Background: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity that affected to the children’s occupational performance  in their activities.  Individuals suffering from this disorder have a delayed development of visual-motor integration, difficulty participating in learning activities including writing readiness and poor academic progress. This research aims to (1)  determine the effect of visual-motor integration activity interventions on writing readiness in ADHD children (2) find out the demographics of ADHD children based on age, gender and education. Methods: The design of  this study was conducted a one group  pre-experimental study using a pretest -posttest design.  Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique. There were 35 samples consisting of 15 women and 20 men. The research instrument was the Beery DTVMI. Data analysis with paired parametric comparison test (paired sample t-test). Results: This study are (1) visual-motor integration activity interventions have a positive and significant effect on the writing readiness in ADHD children (p = 0,001). (2) ADHD children in YPAC Surakarta Occupational Therapy  Clinic is dominated at the age of 5-6 years (54.3%). (3) Most of the ADHD children in the YPAC Surakarta Occupational Therapy Clinic were male (57.1%). (4) The education level of ADHD children in Surakarta YPAC Therapy Occupational Clinic was at the kindergarten level (51.4%). Conclusion: This study is visual motor integration activity interventions be able to  improve writing readiness in ADHD children.

scholarly journals Pola asuh pada anak gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas di kota Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita E. Kaunang ◽  
Herdy Munayang ◽  
Theresia M.D. Kaunang
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are children who have excessive activities and can not concentrate well. Worldwide study showed a quite high prevalence of ADHD as many as 5.29%. Parenting style is very influential on a child's mental and development, therefore, parents who are the child’s family have to be patient and serious in taking care of their child. This study aimed to obtain the parenting style of children with ADHD in Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Assessment of parenting style types was obtained by using parenting style questionnaire. The results showed that there were 210 parents as respondents. Data were analyzed with a univariate analysis. Democratic parenting style was mostly applied by the parents as many as 95,24%, followed by permissive style 3.34% and authoritarian style 1.42%. Keywords: ADHD, children, parenting style Abstrak: Anak dengan gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) adalah anak yang beraktivitas berlebihan dan tidak dapat berkonsentrasi dengan baik. Prevalensi GPPH di seluruh dunia cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 5,29%. Pola asuh orang tua sangat berpengaruh pada mental dan perkembangan anak sehingga orang tua yang merupakan keluarga perlu dengan sabar dan tekun mengasuh anaknya. Penelitian ini bertyujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pola asuh orang tua dengan anak GPPH di kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Penilaian jenis pola asuh orang tua menggunakan angket pola asuh. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan responden sebanyak 210 orang tua dengan anak GPPH. Pola asuh demokratis paling banyak diterapkan oleh orang tua sebesar 95,24%, diikutipola asuh permisif 3,34% sedangkan pola asuh yang paling jarang diterapkan ialah otoriter sebanyak 1,42%. Kata kunci: GPPH, anak, pola asuh

scholarly journals Stunting was not associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 36-59 month in Sedayu Subdistrict

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Dwi Nur Rahmawati ◽  
Bunga Astria Paramashanti ◽  
Rosma Fyki Kamala
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Results of Riskesdas in 2013 showed the prevalence of stunting by 37%. Stunting is a growth disorders such as chronic malnutrition will cause linear growth of troubled children. Stunting apart from the impact of the development of IQ, cognitive and motoric sector but also on emotional development. Hyperactivity disorder or ADHD (Attention  Deficit  Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the emotional problems in children.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between stunting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children aged 36-59 months in the Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta in 2017.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a cross-sectional approach. The samples studied amount 185 samples retrieval techniques probability proportional to size (PPS). Variable examined included stunting and hyperactivity disorder.\</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of stunting in this study was 34,2%, meanwhile the prevalence of hyperactivity was 28,8%. Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between stunting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR=0,98; 95%CI: 0,50-1,91).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> there was no association between stunting and hyperactivity in young children.</p><p> </p><p><strong>KEYWORDS: </strong>stunting, hyperactivity, ADHD, children </p>

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Pediatric Intensive Care: Fostering Variability to Attain Precision Medicine

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Matthias Gijsen ◽  
Dirk Vlasselaers ◽  
Isabel Spriet ◽  
Karel Allegaert
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Support ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
The Impact

Children show important developmental and maturational changes, which may contribute greatly to pharmacokinetic (PK) variability observed in pediatric patients. These PK alterations are further enhanced by disease-related, non-maturational factors. Specific to the intensive care setting, such factors include critical illness, inflammatory status, augmented renal clearance (ARC), as well as therapeutic interventions (e.g., extracorporeal organ support systems or whole-body hypothermia [WBH]). This narrative review illustrates the relevance of both maturational and non-maturational changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) applied to antibiotics. It hereby provides a focused assessment of the available literature on the impact of critical illness—in general, and in specific subpopulations (ARC, extracorporeal organ support systems, WBH)—on PK and potential underexposure in children and neonates. Overall, literature discussing antibiotic PK alterations in pediatric intensive care is scarce. Most studies describe antibiotics commonly monitored in clinical practice such as vancomycin and aminoglycosides. Because of the large PK variability, therapeutic drug monitoring, further extended to other antibiotics, and integration of model-informed precision dosing in clinical practice are suggested to optimise antibiotic dose and exposure in each newborn, infant, or child during intensive care.

Comparing the Impact of Religious Discourse on HIV/AIDS in Islam and Christianity in Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloane Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

In examining the strikingly high prevalence rates of HIV in many parts of Africa, reaching as high as 5% in some areas, how does the discourse promoted by the predominant religions across the continent, Islam and Christianity, affect the outlook of their followers on the epidemic? This question becomes even more intriguing after discovering the dramatic difference in rate of HIV prevalence between Muslims and Christians in Africa, confirmed by studies that have found a negative relationship to exist between HIV prevalence and being Muslim in Africa, even in Sub-Saharan African nations. Why does this gap in prevalence rates exist? Does Islam advocate participating in less risky behavior more so than Christianity? By comparing the social construction, epidemiological understanding and public responses among Muslim populations in Africa with Christian ones, it becomes apparent that many similarities exist between the two regarding discourse and that, rather than religious discourse itself, other social factors, such as circumcision practices, contribute more to the disparity in HIV prevalence than originally thought.

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