The Value of Life

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Innocent People ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Social

The use of the death penalty in modern civilized nations is unnecessary and destructive of the social order. A careful review of the evidence indicates that, even when the risk of execution has been relatively high, the death penalty has not been shown to provide better protection for society than available alternatives. The use of the death penalty has, in fact, encouraged murder, and innocent people have been executed. The death penalty has been discriminatorily applied to racial and ethnic minorities and will continue to be, despite the current Supreme Court guidelines. The death penalty has few economic advantages, and systematic use of restitution and recoupment would make the death penalty a decided economic disadvantage for society. Setting a poor model for the community, the death penalty reduces respect for the law and places a low value on human life.

scholarly journals Permissibility of Death Penalty as a Hermeneutic Dilemma

Verbum Vitae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Michał Kosche
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The notion of moral fairness of application of capital punishment is stretched between two poles of opposite interpretative meanings. On the one hand, there is an imperative related to maintaining the social order and good that justifies in some specific cases killing an individual for the good of the community; on the other hand, there is the message of the Gospel about holiness of each human life. In this regard, at the attempt to investigate the fairness of death penalty, a certain hermeneutic tension related to the overlapping of rights and obligations both with regard to the criminal and society that needs to be protected against him or her. The starting point of this article is an outlook on death penalty with due regard of a ‘hermeneutic charge’ contained both in the duty to protect common good and each individual’s life. Next, the ‘genuine paradox’ was analysed that emerges in a situation where the right to live and the right to protect overlap. All the considerations are concluded with a question whether the recent abolitionist interpretation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church should be classified as the continuity hermeneutic or rather the discontinuity hermeneutic.

Ethnicity in the Middle East and Neighboring Regions: Developing Appropriate Economic Strategies and Policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Walle
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Socially Relevant

Indigenous people and ethnic minorities face economic and social pressures that potentially disturb the social order, undercut cooperation, and spawn distrust. Such pressures can threaten prosperity, peace, and security for all. Strategies are needed that help distinctive groups gain parity, self-determinism, and sustainability. Supplementing neoclassical economic models with more socially relevant paradigms (such as substantive economic anthropology and the triple bottom line) are means of doing so. Regions ethnic groups are showcased to demonstrate the value of such an approach.

scholarly journals Tantangan dan Antisipasi Pendidikan Agama Islam di Tengah Arus Globalisasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pandu Hyangsewu
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Potential ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Islamic Values

Perkembangan zaman yang begitu cepat tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi akan mempengaruhi kehidupan manusia. Globalisasi yang terjadi sudah mengubah pola kehidupan manusia, dimana dampaknya bukan hanya efek positif melainkan dapat menghadirkan efek negatif pula. Pengaruh globalisasi saat ini sudah melarutkan nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam mulai dari tatanan kebudayaan, adat istiadat dan nilai-nilai luhur ajaran Islam. Padahal Pendidikan Agama Islam mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia sebagai pendidikan yang bersifat mutlak, Pendidikan Agama Islam perlu dioptimlkan sebagai usaha pengembangan potensi diri agar tidak mudah terjerumus dalam gelapnya kehidupan di era globalisasi. Untuk itu, perlu diketahui berbagai macam tantangan dan antisipasi yang dapat dilakukan melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam di tengah arus globalisasi. Tujuan artikel ini untuk menjelaskan permasalahan Pendidikan Agama Islam saat ini dan bagaimana cara mengantisipasinya dalam menghadapi era globalisasi. Data dalam tulisan ini menggunakan studi literatur yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa globalisasi dapat menjadi peluang sekaligus tantangan bagi Pendidikan Agama Islam. Arus globalisasi bukan sebagai kawan ataupun lawan bagi Pendidikan Agama Islam, melainkan sebagai dinamisator. Ketika Pendidikan Agama Islam tidak mengikuti arus globalisasi  maka akan mengalami hambatan intelektual. Sebaliknya, ketika Pendidikan Agama Islam mengikuti arus globalisasi tanpa berlandaskan pada keislaman maka akan terlindas dan tidak tahu arah. Oleh karena itu, Pendidikan Agama Islam harus memposisikan diri di tengah arus globalisasi  dalam arti yang sesuai dengan pedoman dan ajaran nilai-nilai Islam agar dapat diadopsi dan dikembangkan pada kehidupan manusia   The development of the era is so fast undeniably it will affect human life, Globalization has changed the pattern of human life, where the impact is not only a positive effect but can also bring adverse consequences. The influence of globalization now has dissolved the values ​​of Islamic religious education, starting from the social order, customs, and ethical values ​​of Islamic teachings. Even though Islamic education has an essential role in human life, as a comprehensive education, Islamic religious education needs to be optimized as an effort to develop self-potential, so as not to fall prey to the darkness of life in the era of globalization. For this reason, we need to know various kinds of challenges and anticipation that can be done, through Islamic religious education amid globalization. The purpose of this article is to explain the current issue of Islamic religious education and how to anticipate it in the face of the era of globalization. The data in this paper uses literature studies which are analyzed descriptively. The results of the survey show that globalization can be an opportunity as well as a challenge for Islamic religious education. The current of globalization is neither a friend nor an opponent for Islamic religious education but as a dynamism. When Islamic religious education does not follow the flow of globalization, it will experience mental obstacles. Conversely, when Islamic religious education follows the flow of globalization without being, based on Islam. It will get run over and don't know the direction. Therefore, Islamic religious education must position itself in the midst of globalization. in a sense that is by the guidelines and teachings of Islamic values ​​so that they can be adopted and developed in human life

Hobbes's Artifice as Social Construction

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raia Prokhovnik
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social World ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Constructionist Approach

AbstractThe paper argues that Leviathan can be interpreted as employing a constructionist approach in several important respects. It takes issue with commentators who think that, if for Hobbes man is not naturally social, then man must be naturally unsocial or naturally purely individual. First, Hobbes's key conceptions of the role of artifice and nature-artifice relations are identified, and uncontroversially constructionist elements outlined, most notably Hobbes's conceptualisation of the covenant. The significance of crucial distinctions in Leviathan, between the civil and the social, between science and philosophy, between mankind's nature and the human condition, is developed. A constructionist reading of the argument of Leviathan is then advanced. The interpretation focuses on the contribution of nature-artifice relations, and of Hobbes's notion of civil philosophy, in understanding the critical issues of the state of nature and individual subjectivity. This reconstruction of the meaning of the text highlights the necessarily social character of human life in Leviathan, expressed in the way that the social' gives meaning to the 'natural', as well as because for Hobbes we live in a mind-affected world of perception and ideas. Leviathan can be interpreted as, in particular, a political social construction, because both social and individual identity logically require the social order and arrangements that only a strong government can supply. The social world, in Leviathan, cannot exist prior to the generation of a political framework, in civil society, the commonwealth, and law.

Marshall, Thurgood

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Stout
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Supreme Court Justice

Thurgood Marshall (1908–1993), the first African American U.S. Supreme Court Justice, is credited with ending American apartheid. He fought for the civil and equal rights for ethnic minorities, women's rights, prisoners' rights, and was opposed to the death penalty.

The Use of Money in Society: Friedrich Hayek’s Social Work

2020 ◽  
pp. 009059172098047
Author(s):  
Jacob Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Subject Formation ◽  
The Social

Recent studies of Friedrich Hayek have focused on his theorization of spontaneous order and its relationship to his views on freedom and market individualism. For many scholars, the impersonal nature of Hayek’s spontaneous order, which optimally coordinates human action without human coordination, and/or Hayek’s contention that freedom consists of the exercise of individual choice in a market, reveals Hayek’s neoliberal project to replace or erase the social domain of human life and activity. This article makes the claim that two different, but related, versions of the social exist in Hayek’s writings. The logic of his first and prominent view of social order as spontaneous order depends, I argue, upon a second account of the social, found in Hayek’s writings on money, which consists of forms of conscious and collective social integration and subject formation that the first view requires but cannot account for. In this way, Hayek’s social order is sustained not spontaneously but by money-based collective activities and social(ized) subjectivities that make it possible, and his neoliberal project thus depends on fundamental, if disavowed, connections between the social and the political.

scholarly journals PRANATA PENDIDIKAN PADA UPACARA NGEUYEUK SEUREUH, UPACARA MASA KEHAMILAN, DAN NGASUH BUDAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nandang Rusnandar
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Husband And Wife

Dalam pranata pendidikan dibahas mengenai pendidikann informal dalam keluarga di masyarakat Sunda. Tuloisan ini menguraikan tentang bagaimana pendidikan informal diterapkan dalama sebuah keluarga dan mensosialisasikan nilai-nilai kehidupan kepada anak-anak mulai dari  masa kana-kanak melalui kegiatan ngasuh budak,  memasuki masa perkawinan melalui ngeuyeuk seureuh, dalam rangka mempersiapkan anak menjadi pasangan suami istri, dan pada masa kehamilan dengan serangkaian upacara adat kehamilannya, sehingga susmi istri siap dalam menghadapi masa kehamilan dan menjadi orang tua. Dalam perjalanan waktu, pendidikan informal pada keluarga mengalami perubahan seiring dengan perubahan struktur keluarga dan cara pandang terhadap pranata pendidikan.Hal itu dipangaruhi oleh tumbuhnya pranata sosial pendidikan sejenis pada masa kini, baik pada lingkup nasional maupun global.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara utuh dan mendalam tentang pranata pendidikan di masyarakat Sunda. Metode penelitian adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi langsung dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa pranata sosial merupakan himpunan norma yang mengatur kehidupan manusia secara bersama, tentunya dalam budaya Sunda memiliki beberapa pranata.        In educational institutions it is discussed about informal education in the family of in Sundanese society. This paper describes on how informal education is are implemented in a family and how to socialize the values of life to children ranging from infancy through ngasuh budak/childbearing, entering a period of marriage through ngeuyeuk seureuh, in order to prepare children to become husband and wife, and during pregnancy with a series of pregnancy ceremonies, so that husband and wife are ready to face the pregnancy and parenthood. In the course of time, the informal education on family changes along with the changes in family structure and the perspective of the educational institutions. It is influenced by the growth of similar social education institutions at the present time, both national and global. The purpose of this study is to get a full and depth picture of educational institutions in the Sundanese society community.The research method is qualitative method with descriptive approach. The data are collected through direct observation and interviews The result shows that the social order is a set of norms that govern human life together, and Sundanese culture has several institutions that govern human life in their society. 

Human Values and the Market

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana A. Zelizer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dollar Amount

This chapter uses data on the diffusion of life insurance in nineteenth-century America as a testing ground to explore the larger theoretical problem of establishing monetary equivalences for sacred things. It hypothesizes that cultural resistance to including certain items in the social order—namely, those related to human life, death, and emotions—into a market-type of exchange introduces structural sources of strain and ambivalence into their marketing. Life insurance raises the issue in its sharpest terms by posing the question of how one establishes a fixed-dollar amount for any individual death. The chapter argues that resistance to life insurance during the earlier part of the nineteenth century was largely the result of a value system that condemned the materialistic assessment of death, and of the power of magical beliefs and superstitions that viewed with apprehension any commercial pacts dependent on death for their fulfillment.

Conflicting Values, Ubuntu Philosophy and Peace Building: An African Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-190
Author(s):  
Philip Ogo Ujomu ◽  
Anthony I. Bature
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
African Experience ◽  
Local Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Violent Conflicts

AbstractThis paper studies conflict of values as triggers for social disorder. Specifically, we review the condition of negative dominant social paradigm (DSP) leading to value clashes. Value clashes are conflicts that arise from collision of ways of life, (ethnic, political, religious, etc.) thought systems and diverse uses of nature and sharing of resources. This shortfall is easily seen in egoism, corruption, disregard for the rule of law, inability to secure core human values in the social system. Using a local case study, we notice that such value disruptive tendencies pose a threat to Nigeria’s citizens, government, institutions and democracy, due to the rise of, violent conflicts and degradation of the value of human life ultimately leading to terrorism and other life-threatening challenges. It is suggested that such value clashes or clashes of values can be mitigated by a push for the sustenance of social order using some principles. The philosophical notion or principle of Ubuntu recommends the interdependence of human beings and the urgent need for a humane, compassionate and dignified approach to social living using basic democratic and moral values to deepen and widen the concept of peace and peace building.

scholarly journals The Problem of Nationalism, “Nigeria” As a Contested Category and the Quest for a Social Philosophy of National Integration

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-111
Author(s):  
Philip Ogochukwu Ujomu
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
National Integration ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Question ◽  
Common Purpose

This paper examines the problem of nationalism in Nigeria construed as the search for a basis on which the members of the society can claim a sense of belonging, identity and common purpose. There is a problem of the national question here because ethnicity, corruption, disobedience to law and order, disdain for the rule of law and accountability and the disregard for the value of human life have undermined the social order and eventually created an army of the vulnerable and marginal peoples that can be manipulated for parochial ends. The apparent underperformance of the various instruments of the state such as the police, national assembly, appointed ministers, law courts, prisons, etc, due to inefficiency, injustice, under-funding, politicization and social dissatisfaction have threatened the unity of Nigeria and highlighted deficits in the social order that have made Nigeria to appear as a contested construct or category. Given the above we seek a philosophical approach to building a social system or social philosophy of national integration.

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