The Evidential Value of Multiple Continuous Measurements — A Simplified Approach to Data Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Smalldon ◽  
C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Test Variable ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Representative Samples

A conceptually simple approach is described for the interpretation of all types of multidimensional continuously variable data. Items which reflect the problem being investigated are collected and two independent representative samples are taken from each item for analysis. A single calculated test variable is used, in conjunction with a computer and the analyst's intuitive judgment, to interpret the data. Although optimum performance cannot be guaranteed the method is flexible and allows assessment of two samples for similarity, the calculation of discriminating power for any set of measurements and estimation of the discrimination achieved from the analysis of a particular item. Since formal statistical tests and tables are not used at any stage, analysts are competent to investigate their own data after only a little practice. The system is equally suited to research and operational requirements. Some applications and potential developments of the system are discussed.

A Simple Approach Using Bouwer and Rice's Method for Slug Test Data Analysis

Ground Water ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaw-Yang Yang ◽  
Hund-Der Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Slug Test

Factors that Influence Purchase on Cinema Online Tickets Using Tix-Id Application, through Buying Interest

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
John Ehj. Foeh ◽  
Adler Haymans Manurung ◽  
Florentina Kurniasari ◽  
Tipri Rose Kartika ◽  
Sandra Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Application Form ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Data Analysis Methods

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect directly and indirectly such as promotion, convenience, and security on the decision to purchase online cinema tickets with the TIX ID application through consumer buying interest. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire that is distributed online via the google application form. Data analysis methods include validity, reliability, classical assumptions, and SEM tests. The number of samples in this study were 200 respondents who had met the minimum requirements for using SEM (structural equation models). Data processing using SPSS and AMOS. The results showed that promotion and convenience factors had a significant effect on purchase intention, while security did not have a significant effect on purchase intention. The results of statistical tests show that there is no influence of the promotion, convenience, and security variables on purchasing decisions. Furthermore, the results show that promotion and convenience factors indirectly influence purchasing decisions through purchase intention.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study and spatial modeling of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in central area of Iran

2017 ◽  
pp. 5899-5909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Mokhtari ◽  
Zahra Azizi ◽  
Soheila Rabiaee Fradonbeh
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants

Objective. Estimate the prevalence and spatial modeling of PPR in the small ruminant population of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran, during 2009–2014. Materials and methods. Data were collected from veterinary organization and Offices in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and data analysis was carried out using and IBM SPSS version 22 and Office 2010. For spatial modeling geographic information system (QGIS and PCI-Geomatic) was used. Results. This study showed that the overall prevalence of PPR during the years 2009 to 2014 was 1.37%. Koohrang, Ardal, Lordegan, Ben, Borougen, Shahrekord, Farsan and Kiar cities had the highest prevalence of PPR, respectively. The highest PPR infection rate was observed in the March and goat more affected rather than other ruminants. Conclusions. Our findings provide evidence of a rather common prevalence of PPR and its spatial distribution in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Using statistical tests for data analysis of PPR and its spatial modeling researchers can predict the incidence of disease in the future and could select appropriate measures of disease control.

scholarly journals Occlusal contacts evaluation along orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e51310817726
Author(s):  
Isabelle Vital Ortiz ◽  
Paula Vanessa Pedron Oltramari ◽  
Graziela Hernandes Volpato ◽  
Thais Maria Freire Fernandes Poleti ◽  
Victor de Miranda Ladewig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Anova Test

The present research aim was to assess how occlusal contacts change along the initial 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and clear aligners. A sample with 40 patients was divided into 2 groups: Clear Aligners (CA) and Fixed Appliance (FA). In order to register occlusal contacts, patients were posit and instructed about how bite in habitual maximum intercuspidation. Registrations were perfomed monthly along 6 starting treatment months and noted in an occlusogram. A parametric test was applied to evaluate data since it presented a normal distribution according to Shapiro-Wilk test. For inter- and intergroup data analysis the Anova test was performed with a 5% significance level. Statistical tests were executed on Jamovi software (Jamovi Stats, Version1.2, Sydeney, Australia). There was a reduction in the amount of occlusal contacts for indivduals from both groups, CA and FA. Such reduction was more significative in the 3 starting months for FA group and between 3rd and 4th months for CA group. Therefore, the sort orthodontic appliance had no significant influence over occlusal contacts.

DATA ANALYSIS: EMPIRICAL OBSERVATIONS ON STATISTICAL TESTS USED IN PAIRED DESIGN

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. GACULA ◽  
S. S. ALTAN ◽  
J. J. KUBALA
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Paired Design

Mathematics and Statistics in Anesthesiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mortlock
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
P Values ◽  
Bayesian Data Analysis ◽  
Probability And Statistics

Mathematics is the language of quantitative science, and probability and statistics are the extension of classical logic to real world data analysis and experimental design. The basics of mathematical functions and probability theory are summarized here, providing the tools for statistical modeling and assessment of experimental results. There is a focus on the Bayesian approach to such problems (ie, Bayesian data analysis); therefore, the basic laws of probability are stated, along with several standard probability distributions (eg, binomial, Poisson, Gaussian). A number of standard classical tests (eg, p values, the t-test) are also defined and, to the degree possible, linked to the underlying principles of probability theory. This review contains 5 figures, 1 table, and 15 references. Keywords: Bayesian data analysis, mathematical models, power analysis, probability, p values, statistical tests, statistics, survey design

Statistical tests for comparing two samples

2022 ◽  
pp. 156-178
Author(s):  
Vladimir Hedrih ◽  
Andjelka Hedrih
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Two Samples

scholarly journals Antecedents and outcomes of brand love: utilitarian and symbolic brand qualities

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 656-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristela Maia Bairrada ◽  
Filipe Coelho ◽  
Arnaldo Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Brand love is associated with consumer behaviours that are key for organisational performance. However, research on the antecedents of brand love is sparse. The current research draws on the information processing model as well as on the experiential approaches to consumer behaviour to develop a model comprising a novel set of antecedents. Design/methodology/approach To test the research hypotheses, we resort to two samples, which implied the collection of usable 1,018 questionnaires. For hypotheses testing, we resort to structural equation modelling. Findings Both functional constructs as well as more symbolic/emotional ones are positively associated with brand love. In addition, constructs with a more functional nature tend to have an indirect effect on brand love, whereas constructs with a higher level of abstraction tend to mediate the effects of more specific brand qualities. Finally, brand love is related with important outcomes, including loyalty, word of mouth and willingness to pay a premium price. Research/limitations implications This research has a cross-sectional nature. Moreover, we rely on a single informant, but the procedural remedies as well as the statistical tests we conducted suggest that common method variance is not a concern. Practical implications The findings suggest that managers should emphasise both functional as well as emotional/symbolic aspects to strengthen the links between brands and consumers, which will be beneficial for both sides. Originality/value This study is the first to investigate the relationship between a number of symbolic and functional brand aspects and the development of brand love feelings.

scholarly journals Mathematization, Not Measurement: A Critique of Stevens’ Scales of Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
M. A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Psychological Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scales Of Measurement

In the early 1900s, physics was the archetypical science and measurement was equated with mathematization to real numbers. To enable the use of mathematics to draw empirical conclusions about psychological data, which was often ordinal, Stevens redefined measurement as “the assignment of numerals to objects and events according to a rule.” He defined four scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and set out criteria for the permissible statistical tests to be used with each. Stevens' scales of measurement are still widely used in data analysis in the social sciences. They were revolutionary but flawed, leading to ongoing debate about the permissibility of the use of different statistical tests on different scales of data. Stevens implicitly assumed measurement involved mapping to real numbers. Rather than rely on Stevens' scales, researchers should demonstrate the mathematical properties of their data and map to analogous number sets, making claims regarding mathematization explicit, defending them with evidence, and using only those operations that are defined for that set.

scholarly journals The Multispecies Coalescent Model Outperforms Concatenation Across Diverse Phylogenomic Data Sets

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Jiang ◽  
Scott V Edwards ◽  
Liang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Coalescent Model ◽  
Multispecies Coalescent ◽  
Substitution Models

Abstract A statistical framework of model comparison and model validation is essential to resolving the debates over concatenation and coalescent models in phylogenomic data analysis. A set of statistical tests are here applied and developed to evaluate and compare the adequacy of substitution, concatenation, and multispecies coalescent (MSC) models across 47 phylogenomic data sets collected across tree of life. Tests for substitution models and the concatenation assumption of topologically congruent gene trees suggest that a poor fit of substitution models, rejected by 44% of loci, and concatenation models, rejected by 38% of loci, is widespread. Logistic regression shows that the proportions of GC content and informative sites are both negatively correlated with the fit of substitution models across loci. Moreover, a substantial violation of the concatenation assumption of congruent gene trees is consistently observed across six major groups (birds, mammals, fish, insects, reptiles, and others, including other invertebrates). In contrast, among those loci adequately described by a given substitution model, the proportion of loci rejecting the MSC model is 11%, significantly lower than those rejecting the substitution and concatenation models. Although conducted on reduced data sets due to computational constraints, Bayesian model validation and comparison both strongly favor the MSC over concatenation across all data sets; the concatenation assumption of congruent gene trees rarely holds for phylogenomic data sets with more than 10 loci. Thus, for large phylogenomic data sets, model comparisons are expected to consistently and more strongly favor the coalescent model over the concatenation model. We also found that loci rejecting the MSC have little effect on species tree estimation. Our study reveals the value of model validation and comparison in phylogenomic data analysis, as well as the need for further improvements of multilocus models and computational tools for phylogenetic inference. [Bayes factor; Bayesian model validation; coalescent prior; congruent gene trees; independent prior; Metazoa; posterior predictive simulation.]

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