Neuropsychiatric Update of the Crime “Profile” and “Signature” in Single or Serial Homicides: Rule out Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction1

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 875-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneliese A. Pontius
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Important Stimulus

A neuropsychiatric and -psychological update of the crime “profile” and “signature” is a necessary addition to the traditional sociopsychological model likely to miss limbic system dysfunctioning. Thus, occurrence of a brief (c. 20 minutes) limbic seizure has been proposed based on behaviors of 12 white male homicidal loners, who showed a dozen symptoms and signs: Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction. Readily overlooked can be (a) a transient psychosis (hallucinations and/or delusions), (b) autonomic hyperactivation (e.g., loss of bladder control, nausea, ejaculation), (c) motiveless, out-of-character, unplanned, and well-remembered homicidal acts, (d) committed with a flat affect (not emotionally or impulsively provoked), (e) typically involving a stranger who happened to provide an objectively harmless and only subjectively important stimulus. (f) Such an individualized stimulus triggered the memory revival of mild to moderate but repeatedly experienced hurts. Such a specific sequence of events implicates the specific mechanism of limbic seizure, “kindling,” which does not necessarily involve motor convulsions. Repetition of such limbic episodes with “criminal acts” is conceivable under specific circumstances including cases in which the triggering stimulus is associated with pleasurable delusions (e.g., of grandiose power or wealth) or constitutes a specific aspect of a basic drive motive. For example, eating or sexual activities might be planned but degenerate into a limbic episode with a specific core symptomatology.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis presenting as bipolar disorder: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. e100663
Author(s):  
Surbhi Batra ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Lokesh Singh Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out

Neurocysticercosis is the most common neuro-parasitosis caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. The most common manifestations include seizures and hydrocephalus. Psychiatric abnormalities are relatively rare but depressive symptoms are frequent in patients with neurocysticercosis. However, mania as a presentation is relatively rare. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are relatively vulnerable times and they can lead to reactivation of existing neurocysterci lesions. We are discussing the case of a 23-year-old female patient with neurocysticercosis leading to the reactivation of lesions in the peripartum and postpartum period leading to bipolar affective disorder. Improvement in the patient was seen with a combination of antipsychotics, antihelmintics, antiepileptics and steroids, along with improved radiological signs of neurocysterci lesions. Although neurocysticercosis is a common illness, its prevalence presenting as a manic episode is merely 2.6% and, hence, missed easily. Therefore, it is important to rule out organic aetiology in patients even with a classic presentation of bipolar affective disorder and those having any other neurological symptoms and signs.

scholarly journals Prion Protein Folding Mechanism Revealed by Pulling Force Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Kriegler ◽  
Sven Lang ◽  
Luigi Notari ◽  
Tara Hessa
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Nascent Chain ◽  
Mature Domain ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThe mammalian prion protein (PrP) engages with the ribosome-Sec61 translocation channel complex to generate different topological variants that are either physiological, or involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we describe cotranslational folding and translocation mechanisms of PrP coupled to a Xbp1-based arrest peptide (AP) as folding sensor, to measure forces acting on PrP nascent chain. Our data reveal two main pulling events followed by a minor third one exerted on the nascent chains during their translocation.Using those force landscapes, we show that a specific sequence within an intrinsically disordered region, containing a polybasic and glycine-proline rich residues, modulates the second pulling event by interacting with TRAP complex. This work also delineates the sequence of events involved in generation of PrP toxic transmembrane topologies during its synthesis. Our results shed new insight into the folding of such topological complex protein, where marginal pulling by the signal sequence, together with the downstream sequence in the mature domain, primarily drives an overall inefficient translocation resulting in the nascent chain to adopt other topologies.

scholarly journals Teething Problems and Parental Beliefs in Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluso J. Owotade ◽  
Morenike O. Folayan ◽  
Temitope A. Esan ◽  
Elizabeth O. Oziegbe ◽  
Comfort A. Adekoya-Sofowora
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Aim To determine signs and symptoms associated with teething, parental beliefs about teething, and the effects of socioeconomic status on teething in Nigerian children. Methods and Materials A cross-sectional study consisting of 1,013 mothers of children between the ages four to 36 months who visited the immunization clinics at the Community Health Centres in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas. Data was analyzed using STATA (Intercooled release 9) for Windows. Results A total of 765 mothers (75.5%) reported systemic signs and symptoms in their children. Fever (51.8%), diarrhea (12.5%), and vomiting (2.9%) were the most prevalent symptoms and signs reported. Teething problems were reported by 60% of mothers from a high socioeconomic class, as well as 76.7% and 77.9% from middle and low socioeconomic classes, respectively. Interestingly, 65.5% of mothers believed teething should be accompanied with systemic signs and symptoms such as fever (42.1%), diarrhea (13.9%), and vomiting (0.6%). No significant difference was noted between breastfeeding status, gender of the child, and reported systemic signs and symptoms noticed by the mothers. Conclusion Most mothers in the study reported signs and symptoms adduced to teething in their children irrespective of their beliefs. Fever ranked highest of the signs and symptoms reported. Mothers of children from the high socioeconomic class reported fewer teething symptoms. Breastfeeding status and gender of the child had no effect on teething problems in the children studied. Clinical Significance Most signs and symptoms adduced to teething by parents may actually be due to underlying infections. Thus, there is a need to rule out occult infection during the tooth eruption period. Citation Oziegbe EO, Folayan MO, Adekoya-Sofowora CA, Esan TA, Owotade FJ. Teething Problems and Parental Beliefs in Nigeria. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:075-082.

Dyspnea and Hemoptysis after a Rigorous, Open-Water Swim

2018 ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Patrick Engelbert ◽  
John Haggerty ◽  
Steven Portouw
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Healthy Athlete ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out

The case illustrates the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), an uncommon cause of pulmonary edema in triathletes and military recruits. The pathophysiology is not completely understood but is thought to relate to the effects caused by immersion in conjunction with vigorous exertion. Diagnosis is by history and physical, with the prototypical SIPE patient being a previously healthy athlete exhibiting acute onset edema while exercising in the water. Typical symptoms and signs include shortness of breath, hypoxia, rales, and cough, which may or may not be productive with pink, frothy sputum. Radiographs may be obtained but are mainly obtained to rule out other diagnoses including pneumonia and pneumothorax. Treatment is supportive, although some evidence is mounting that shows decreasing rates of SIPE with prophylactic sildenafil.

scholarly journals Understanding Ancient Interactions

2011 ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Schortman
Keyword(s):  
World Systems ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The One ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Developmental Significance

Archaic State Interaction casts valuable new light on how extra-societal contacts may be implicated in processes of increasing social complexity. As the title makes clear, the contributors ground their discussions of interaction theory in the specific sequence of events dating to 3100-1000 BCE in that portion of the Mediterranean basin stretching from Italy to the Levantine Coast. Their goals, as stated clearly by Parkinson and Galaty in the introduction, are to consider how local social and economic changes, on the one hand, were related to: variations in the intensity of interactions occurring at differing spatial and temporal scales; changes in how, and by whom, such contacts were conducted; and, shifts in the routes these transactions followed. The result is less a consensus than a healthy, productive debate on these issues. The main points of contention concern: rates of socio-political change; how to translate patterns among static material remains into dynamic political and economic processes; whose interests drove and shaped the course of cross-border contacts; and what interpretive frameworks are best suited to modeling the latter interactions. With respect to the last point, a consistent theme running throughout the papers deals with the utility of world-systems theory (WST) in describing and understanding the developmental significance of inter-polity contacts.

Causes and diagnosis of chest pain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Patterson ◽  
Derek Bell
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Occult Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out

Differentiating life-threatening from benign causes of chest pain in the critical care setting is a challenge when the symptoms and signs overlap, and patients are unable to communicate fully. A high index of suspicion is required for occult disease. Once the clinician has ensured the patient is haemodynamically stable, it is imperative to rule out myocardial infarction in the first instance. Where possible, a thorough history and a full examination should be undertaken. Electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, and routine observations are often diagnostic. Targeted investigation such as computed tomography, or transthoracic or transoesophageal ultrasonography may be required to confirm these diagnoses. Timely intervention optimizes survival benefit. Treatment may be necessary prior to confirmation of diagnosis, based on high clinical suspicion and risk scoring. Other causes of chest pain should be considered once the immediately life-threatening conditions are excluded.

scholarly journals Elementary methods for failure due to a sequence of Markovian events

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
J. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Elementary Methods

This paper is concerned with elementary methods for evaluating the distribution of the time to system failure, following a particular sequence of events from a Markov chain. After discussing a simple example in which a specific sequence from a two-state Markov chain leads to failure, the method is generalized to a sequence from a (k>2)-state chain. The expectation and variance of the time T to failure can be obtained from the probability generating function (p.g.f.) of T. The method can be extended to the case of continuous time.

scholarly journals Biogenesis ofLeishmania-harbouring parasitophorous vacuoles following phagocytosis of the metacyclic promastigote or amastigote stages of the parasites

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2303-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Courret ◽  
Claude Fréhel ◽  
Nelly Gouhier ◽  
Marcel Pouchelet ◽  
Eric Prina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Time ◽  
Late Endosome ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Parasitic Stage ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Late Endosomes ◽  
Metacyclic Promastigotes ◽  
Endocytic Compartments

Protozoan parasites Leishmania alternate between a flagellated promastigote form and an amastigote form. In their mammalian hosts, Leishmania survive and multiply in macrophages. Both forms can be internalized by these host cells at different stages of the infectious process and eventually establish themselves within parasitophorous vacuoles exhibiting phagolysosomal properties. To determine whether the biogenesis of these organelles differs according to the parasitic stage used to initiate infection, we compared their formation kinetics after phagocytosis of either metacyclic promastigotes or amastigotes of L. amazonensis or of L. major by mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages pre-exposed or not to IFN-γ. After 10 minutes of contact, an accumulation of F-actin was observed around the promastigotes and amatigotes undergoing phagocytosis or those that had already been internalized. This accumulation was transient and rapidly disappeared at later times. At 30 minutes, most of the promastigotes were located in long, narrow organelles that were exactly the same shape as the parasites. The latter were elongated with their cell bodies near to the macrophage nucleus and their flagella towards the periphery. This suggests that promastigote phagocytosis mainly occurs in a polarized manner, with the cell body entering the macrophages first. Most, if not all, of the phagocytosed promastigotes were located in organelles that rapidly acquired phagolysosomal properties. At 30 minutes, lamp-1, macrosialin, cathepsins B and D were detected in 70-98% of these compartments and about 70% of them were surrounded by rab7p. These late endosome/lysosome `markers' were recruited through fusion with late endocytic compartments. Indeed, when late endosomes/lysosomes were loaded with fluorescein dextran, 81-98% of the promastigote-harbouring compartments contained the endocytic tracer 30 minutes after infection. Electron microscopy of infected macrophages previously loaded with peroxidase confirmed that the phagosomes rapidly fused with late endocytic compartments. When the amastigote stage of L. amazonensiswas used to initiate infection, the kinetics of acquisition of the different late endosome/lysosome `markers' by the phagosomes were similar to those measured after infection with metacyclics. However, more rab7p+-phagosomes were observed at early time points (e.g. 90% were rab7p+ at 30 minutes). The early endosome `markers', EEA1 and the transferrin receptor, were hardly detected in parasite-containing compartments regardless of the parasitic stage used to infect macrophages and the time after infection. In conclusion, both metacyclic- and amastigote-containing phagosomes fuse with late endosomes/lysosomes within 30 minutes. However, with L. amazonensis, the time required for the formation of the huge parasitophorous vacuoles, which are characteristic of this species, was much shorter after infection with amastigotes than after infection with metacyclic promastigotes. This indicates that the initial fusions with late endosomes/lysosomes are followed by a stage-specific sequence of events.

scholarly journals Kašelj pri otrocih

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Praprotnik ◽  
Melanija Županič ◽  
Tina Lozej ◽  
Uroš Krivec ◽  
Delovna skupina Za pediatrično pulmologijo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Severe Underlying Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out

Cough is a common problem in children. Acute cough lasts less than 3 weeks, subacute 3–8 weeks and chronic cough more than 8 weeks.Acute cough is usually caused by common viral upper respiratory tract infection. However, the child should be thoroughly evaluated to rule out a serious underlying condition or disease responsible for the cough.The commonest cause of subacute cough is a viral infection (postinfectious cough) and it usually resolves spontaneously. If the child is otherwise well and the cough is dry and there are no specific alerts for a serious disease and the cough is resolving, a period of observation is all that is recommended. If there are any specific pointers in history and examination identified for an inhaled foreign body, chronic lung disease, or in a case of progressive cough, immediate investigations are needed.Most chronic coughs in childhood are due to viral infections, but may signify a serious underlying disease too. Chronic cough is subdivided into specific cough (i.e., cough associated with other symptoms and signs suggestive of an associated or underlying problem) and nonspecific cough (i.e., dry cough in the absence of an identifiable respiratory disease of known etiology).To prevent unnecessary investigations and ineffective treatment, and at the same time not to overlook a severe underlying disease, cough guidelines have been designed which are based on evidencebased medicine.

Pedestrian Crash Types: 1990s Update

1996 ◽  
Vol 1538 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C. Stutts ◽  
William W. Hunter ◽  
Wayne E. Pein
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Typing System ◽  
Recent Sample ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
Crash Types

A report is given on an application of the NHTSA pedestrian crash-typing system for categorizing pedestrian–motor-vehicle crashes according to the specific sequence of events leading up to individual crashes. Results are based on a recent sample of over 5,000 pedestrian crashes drawn from six states and reported by police. Over 80 percent of the pedestrian crashes fell into the following crash type categories: vehicle turn or merge (9.8 percent), intersection dash (7.2 percent), driver violation at intersection (5.1 percent), other intersection (10.1 percent), midblock dart or dash (13.3 percent), other midblock (13.1 percent), not in roadway and waiting to cross (8.6 percent), walking along roadway (7.9 percent), and backing vehicle (6.9 percent). These crash types were found to vary according to the characteristics of the pedestrian and factors of the location, environment, and roadway. The process of typing pedestrian crashes can be a valuable tool at both the state and local level for developing more highly effective countermeasures to reduce the annual toll of nearly 100,000 pedestrians killed and injured in traffic crashes.

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