scholarly journals Sources of Support for Studies That Inform Recommendations of the Community Preventive Services Task Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-822
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Neilson ◽  
Jennifer Villani ◽  
Shawna L. Mercer ◽  
David L. Tilley ◽  
Isaah Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Sources Of Support

Objectives The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) makes evidence-based recommendations about preventive services, programs, and policies in community settings to improve public health. CPSTF recommendations are based on systematic evidence reviews. This study examined the sponsors (ie, sources of financial, material, or intellectual support) for publications included in systematic reviews used by the CPSTF to make recommendations during a 9-year period. Methods We examined systematic evidence reviews (effectiveness reviews and economic reviews) for CPSTF findings issued from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2018. We assessed study publications used in these reviews for sources of support; we classified sources as government, nonprofit, industry, or no identified support. We also identified country of origin for each sponsor and the most frequently mentioned sponsors. Results The CPSTF issued findings based on 144 systematic reviews (106 effectiveness reviews and 38 economic reviews). These reviews included 3846 publications: 3363 publications in effectiveness reviews and 483 publications in economic reviews. Government agencies supported 57.1% (n = 1919) of publications in effectiveness reviews and 59.2% (n = 286) in economic reviews. More than 1500 study sponsors from 36 countries provided support. The National Institutes of Health was the leading sponsor for effectiveness reviews (21.3%; 718 of 3363) and economic reviews (16.2%; 78 of 480), followed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (7.0%; 234 of 3363 effectiveness reviews and 14.8%; 71 of 480 economic reviews). Conclusions The evidence base used by the CPSTF was supported by an array of sponsors, with government agencies providing the most support. Study findings highlight the need for sponsorship transparency and the role of government as a leading supporter of studies that underpin CPSTF recommendations for improving public health.

Aspirin Use and Reye Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1050
Author(s):  
RALPH E. KAUFFMAN ◽  
ROBERT J. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Environmental Toxins ◽  
Reye Syndrome ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Service Task

The search for causes of Reye syndrome has resulted in colorful, if not controversial, incrimination of numerous factors including influenza, varicella, environmental toxins, aflotoxin, inherited metabolic defects, and various medications. Attempts to associate salicylates with Reye syndrome date from the 1960s1-3; most of these reports lacked sufficient design, conduct, or controls to implicate or exclude aspirin as a risk factor. Since 1980, several epidemiologic studies4-6 renewed concern and controversy regarding the role of aspirin in Reye syndrome. As a result, a Public Health Service Task Force was formed which culminated in the Centers for Disease Control/National Academy of Sciences pilot study7 which was designed to address the problems and shortcomings identified in the previous efforts to examine the role of aspirin as a causal factor in Reye syndrome.

Combating COVID-19 in Democratic Taiwan and South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (818) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Joseph Wong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Universal Health Care ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Prior Experiences ◽  
Universal Health

South Korea and Taiwan effectively suppressed the coronavirus without the authoritarian measures imposed in China or the lockdowns used elsewhere. They responded quickly, communicated clearly and consistently about the threat. Both governments had prior experiences with contagions to prepare for an epidemic. And both states had introduced universal health care during their periods of democratization, shaping a consensus among citizens about equity, solidarity, and the role of government in protecting public health. Their strategies provide replicable and repeatable models.

scholarly journals Tobacco Industry Litigation and the Role of Government: A Public Health Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Ferrence ◽  
Mary Jane Ashley ◽  
Joanna Cohen ◽  
Thomas Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Role Of Government

Observations on Arctic and Subarctic Health

ARCTIC ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Earl Albrecht, M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Inadequate Housing ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Future Plans

Comments on the problems of public health in northern regions of Canada and Alaska, particularly emphasizing the difficulties due to permafrost, poor sanitation and inadequate housing. The principal diseases affecting the native population are discussed, including typhoid, tuberculosis, parasitism and epidemics. The serious problem of accidents is mentioned (55% of all deaths over one yr in the Yukon). Statistics indicating rapid improvements in public health, particularly through control of tuberculosis, are given. The role of government and private organizations and future plans for increasing control of environment are discussed.

Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: The Structural Framework and the Role of Government

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Demetrios L. Kouzoukas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the relationship between obesity, law, and public health preparedness as well as the relevant roles of public health practitioners, policymakers, and lawyers. Each group believes they have a unique role in this relationship although there can be overlap and/or lack of clarity as to what that role may be.The role of the lawyer in the public policy process is to identify relevant legal issues, to analyze them and give advice on the risks of taking a given action, and to communicate legal advice in a clear manner. Simply put, the lawyer’s role is to dive deep into the law surrounding the topic at hand and to offer advice regarding the permissible limits of policymakers’ options and the associated risks.

CERC as a Theoretical Framework for Research and Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26S-34S ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Veil ◽  
Barbara Reynolds ◽  
Timothy L. Sellnow ◽  
Matthew W. Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Health communicators at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed an integrated model titled Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) as a tool to educate and equip public health professionals for the expanding communication responsibilities of public health in emergency situations. This essay focuses on CERC as a general theoretical framework for explaining how health communication functions within the contexts of risk and crisis. Specifically, the authors provide an overview of CERC and examine the relationship of risk communication to crisis communication, the role of communication in emergency response, and the theoretical underpinnings of CERC. The article offers an initial set of propositions based on the CERC framework and concludes with a discussion of future directions.

scholarly journals Government Mass Communication in Asean Countries in Health Services during the Covid 19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Syefiq Marliaz ◽  
Shahril Azih
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Good Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Asean Countries

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of government mass communication in ASEAN countries in health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. In an effort to increase awareness of COVID-19, the development of digital-based information is increasingly needed. The public needs credible and reliable information to find out the Covid-19 phenomenon and its various impacts. people are increasingly understanding ways to protect themselves, their families, and the environment appropriately. This will also affect the improvement of public health services by providing good education and guidelines in mass media communication in ASEAN countries, especially in improving health services to the community

scholarly journals Protecting the Public's Health in Pandemics: Reflections on Policy Deliberation and the Role of Civil Society in Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Quaranta Morrissey ◽  
Jorge L. Rivera-Agosto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Task Force ◽  
New York State ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
First Person ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Deliberation

The COVID-19 pandemic (“the pandemic”) has magnified the critical importance of public policy deliberation in public health emergency circumstances when normal health care operations are disrupted, and crisis conditions prevail. Adopting the lens of syndemic theory, the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on vulnerable older adults suggests that the pandemic has heightened pre-existing precarities and racial inequities across diverse older adult populations, underlining the urgency of needed policy reforms. While the pandemic has called attention to systemic failures in U.S. public health emergency planning at both federal and state levels of government, the important role of civil society in influencing policy decision making and advocating for legal and ethics reforms and social change in a democracy calls for more open dialogue in aging, public health and legal communities and constituencies. To foster this dialogue, one public health lawyer, who is also a bioethicist and gerontological social work researcher and served as chair of the New York State Bar Association Health Law Section COVID Task Force in 2020 (“Task Force”), shares her first-person perspectives on the process of leading the development of a statewide bar's recommendations for policy reforms, including the challenges and conflicts encountered. A hospital-based attorney and clinical bioethicist brings a clinical ethics perspective to the discussions. This first-person contribution discusses the power of constituencies to influence policy deliberation in a democracy, and the implications of the Task Force recommendations for future aging and public health policy, particularly in view of the high suffering burdens and trauma older persons and older people of color have borne during the pandemic.

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