scholarly journals Application of ANN to predict performance and emissions of SI engine using gasoline-methanol blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110023
Author(s):  
Ehtasham Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Sibghatallah Anwar ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Impact

The deployment of methanol like alternative fuels in engines is a necessity of the present time to comprehend power requirements and environmental pollution. Furthermore, a comprehensive prediction of the impact of the methanol-gasoline blend on engine characteristics is also required in the era of artificial intelligence. The current study analyzes and compares the experimental and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) aided performance and emissions of four-stroke, single-cylinder SI engine using methanol-gasoline blends of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18%. The experiments were performed at engine speeds of 1300–3700 rpm with constant loads of 20 and 40 psi for seven different fractions of fuels. Further, an ANN model has developed setting fuel blends, speed and load as inputs, and exhaust emissions and performance parameters as the target. The dataset was randomly divided into three groups of training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) using MATLAB. The feedforward algorithm was used with tangent sigmoid transfer active function (tansig) and gradient descent with an adaptive learning method. It was observed that the continuous addition of methanol up to 12% (M12) increased the performance of the engine. However, a reduction in emissions was observed except for NOx emissions. The regression correlation coefficient (R) and the mean relative error (MRE) were in the range of 0.99100–0.99832 and 1.2%–2.4% respectively, while the values of root mean square error were extremely small. The findings depicted that M12 performed better than other fractions. ANN approach was found suitable for accurately predicting the performance and exhaust emissions of small-scaled SI engines.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

scholarly journals Review of Performance and Emmissions Characteristics of Bio-Additive Fuel on SI Engine Fuelled by Biopetrol

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 430-434
Author(s):  
Azizul Mokhtar ◽  
Nazrul Atan ◽  
Najib Rahman ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Performance And Emissions

Bio-additive is biodegradable and produces less air pollution thus significant for replacing the limited fossil fuels and reducing threats to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming. Instead, the bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy SI engine while operating on all kinds of fuel. Some of the bio-additive has the ability to reduce the total CO2 emission from internal petrol engine. This review paper focuses to determine a new approach in potential of bio-additives blends operating with bio-petrol on performance and emissions of spark ignition engine. It is shown that the variant in bio-additives blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. It seems that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the friction coefficient. The review concludes that the additives usage in bio-petrol is inseparable for the better engine performance and emission control and further research is needed to develop bio-petrol specific additives.

scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning emission on total peroxy nitrates: fire plume identification during the BORTAS campaign

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 5591-5606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Aruffo ◽  
Fabio Biancofiore ◽  
Piero Di Carlo ◽  
Marcella Busilacchio ◽  
Marco Verdecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Peroxy Nitrates ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Total peroxy nitrate ( ∑ PN) concentrations have been measured using a thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) instrument during the BORTAS campaign, which focused on the impact of boreal biomass burning (BB) emissions on air quality in the Northern Hemisphere. The strong correlation observed between the  ∑ PN concentrations and those of carbon monoxide (CO), a well-known pyrogenic tracer, suggests the possible use of the  ∑ PN concentrations as marker of the BB plumes. Two methods for the identification of BB plumes have been applied: (1)  ∑ PN concentrations higher than 6 times the standard deviation above the background and (2)  ∑ PN concentrations higher than the 99th percentile of the  ∑ PNs measured during a background flight (B625); then we compared the percentage of BB plume selected using these methods with the percentage evaluated, applying the approaches usually used in literature. Moreover, adding the pressure threshold ( ∼  750 hPa) as ancillary parameter to  ∑ PNs, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and CO, the BB plume identification is improved. A recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) model was adapted to simulate the concentrations of  ∑ PNs and HCN, including nitrogen oxide (NO), acetonitrile (CH3CN), CO, ozone (O3) and atmospheric pressure as input parameters, to verify the specific role of these input data to better identify BB plumes.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparative Study on Performance and Emissions of E85 Adopting Different Injection Approaches in a Turbocharged PFI SI Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Luca Marchitto ◽  
Maria Antonietta Costagliola ◽  
Gerardo Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Cylinder Port

This study examines the effects of ethanol and gasoline injection mode on the combustion performance and exhaust emissions of a twin cylinder port fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine. Generally, when using gasoline–ethanol blends, alcohol and gasoline are externally mixed with a specified blending ratio. In this activity, ethanol and gasoline were supplied into the intake manifold into two different ways: through two separated low pressure fuel injection systems (Dual-Fuel, DF) and in a blend (mix). The ratio between ethanol and gasoline was fixed at 0.85 by volume (E85). The initial reference conditions were set running the engine with full gasoline at the knock limited spark advance boundary, according to the standard engine calibration. Then E85 was injected and a spark timing sweep was carried out at rich, stoichiometric, and lean conditions. Engine performance and gaseous and particle exhaust emissions were measured. Adding ethanol could remove over-fueling with an increase in thermal efficiency without engine load penalties. Both ethanol and charge leaning resulted in a lowering of CO, HC, and PN emissions. DF injection promoted a faster evaporation of gasoline than in blend, shortening the combustion duration with a slight increase in THC and PN emissions compared to the mix mode.

Assessing the Effect of E22 Fuel on Two-Stroke and Four-Stroke Snowmobile Performance and Emissions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Rittenour ◽  
James C. Weber ◽  
Scott A. Miers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Feedback Controls ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Emissions And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Vehicle

A limited amount of information exists on the effect of higher ethanol content fuel (greater than 10 vol%) for recreational vehicle engines. The possibility exists for misfueling of these vehicles, as ethanol content may increase at gas stations in the near future. Engine management systems in the recreational vehicle market are typically not equipped with feedback controls to adapt to the increased ethanol content. To address this concern and generate preliminary data related directly to the recreational industry, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of E22 fuel on steady-state emissions and performance of two production snowmobiles. To fully analyze the impact of higher ethanol blends, cold-start, durability, and material compatibility tests should be performed, in conjunction with emissions and performance tests. While these additional tests were not performed as part of this study, there is a test program that is assessing all these factors on E15 fuel, which will be released in fall 2012. E0 fuel was used to establish baseline performance and emissions data. A 2009 four-stroke snowmobile with a 998cc, liquid-cooled, four-cylinder, intake port-fuel injected engine and a 2009 two-stroke snowmobile with a 599cc, liquid-cooled, two-cylinder, electronically controlled, crankcase-fuel injected engine were used for this study. Neither vehicle had any feedback air-fuel controls or after-treatment devices in the exhaust system. Power, fuel consumption, relevant engine temperatures, as well as, regulated exhaust emissions were recorded using the EPA 5-mode certification test cycle. The data showed no major impact on power output for either the four-stroke or two-stroke snowmobile. Brake specific fuel consumption varied with E22 as compared to E0. A reduction in CO emissions for both vehicles was observed for the E22 fuel. Both vehicles were factory calibrated rich of stoichiometric and hence, the addition of ethanol to the fuel effectively leaned out the air/fuel ratio and thus reduced the CO emissions. HC emissions were reduced for both the four-stroke and two-stroke engines, though certain test points of the two-stroke engine produced HC emissions that exceeded the analyzer measurement range (idle). Leaner operation reduced HC formation. Exhaust gas temperatures were observed to increase from 20°C – 50°C with E22 fuel, due to enleanment.

An ANN Model to Estimate the Impact of Tea Process Parameters on Tea Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (09) ◽  
pp. 1550139
Author(s):  
Debashis Saikia ◽  
Diganta Kumar Sarma ◽  
P. K. Boruah ◽  
Utpal Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Process Condition ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Impact

Present study deals with the development of an artificial neural network (ANN)-based technique for tea quality quantification by monitoring fermentation and drying condition of the tea processing stages. An RS485 network-based instrumentation system has been developed and implemented for data collection for these two stages. Three calibrated sensor nodes are installed in the fermentation room due to its larger floor area to collect temperature and relative humidity (RH). Dryer inlet temperature is recorded using a calibrated thermocouple-based sensor node. From seven input parameters and target quality data obtained from tea taster, the ANN model has been developed to find the correlation between the process condition and the tea quality. From the correlation study, more than 90% classification rate is obtained from the model. The model is also validated with some independent data showing more than 60% correlation. Error in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) is about 0.17. This model will be helpful for improvement of tea quality.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Working on Methanol-Gasoline Blends Using Engine Simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
The One

The aim of this study is to develop the one-dimensional model of a four-cylinder, four-stroke, multi-point injection system SI engine and a direct injection system SI engine for predicting the effect of various fuel types on engine performances, specific fuel consumption, and emissions. Commercial software AVL BOOST was used to examine the engine characteristics for different blends of methanol and gasoline (by volume: 5% methanol [M5], 10% methanol [M10], 20% methanol [M20], 30% methanol [M30], and 50% methanol [M50]). The methanol-gasoline fuel blend results were compared to those of net gasoline fuel. The obtained results show that when methanol-gasoline fuel blends were used, engine performance such as power and torque increases and the brake-specific fuel consumption increases with increasing methanol percentage in the blended fuel.

Numerical Simulation of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Liquid Fuels and Liquid Fuel Blends

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Majmudar ◽  
K. Aung
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Si Engines

The use of alternative fuels such as methanol and ethanol in spark-ignition (SI) engines is beneficial to the environment as it reduces emissions of pollutants such as NOx from these engines with slight penalty on the performance. This paper investigated the use of liquid fuel blends such as ethanol/gasoline blend in an SI engine by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations were based on the models of finite heat release, cylinder heat transfer, pumping losses, and friction losses. Simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of compression ratio, equivalence ratio, ignition timing, and engine speed on the performance of the SI engine. The results of the simulations were compared with experimental data from the literature to validate the simulations. Good agreements between the computed and experimental results were obtained. The results showed that the current model could satisfactorily predict the performance of an SI engine fueled by liquid fuel blends.

scholarly journals A Review of Early Injection Strategy in Premixed Combustion Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Liang ◽  
Zhiwei Zheng ◽  
Hongsheng Zhang ◽  
Yuesen Wang ◽  
Hanzhengnan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Injection Strategy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Early Injection

Due to the increasing awareness of environmental protection, limitations on exhaust emissions of diesel engines have become increasingly stringent. This challenges diesel engine manufacturers to find a new balance between engine performance and emissions. Advanced combustion modes for diesel engines, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), which can simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions and substantially improve thermal efficiency, have drawn increasing attention. In order to allow enough time to prepare the homogeneous mixture, the early injection strategy has been utilized widely in HCCI and PCCI diesel engines. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive review of the effects of early injection parameters on the performance and emissions of HCCI and PCCI engines fueled by both diesel and alternative fuels. Various early injection parameters, including injection pressure, injection timing, and injection angle, are discussed. In addition, the effect of the blending ratio of alternative fuels is also summarized. Every change in parameters has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are explained in detail in order to help researchers choose the best early injection parameters for HCCI and PCCI engines.

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