Effect of alkaline and benzoyl chloride treatments on the mechanical and morphological properties of sugar palm fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110418
Author(s):  
SFK Sherwani ◽  
SM Sapuan ◽  
Z Leman ◽  
ES Zainudin ◽  
A Khalina
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Benzoyl Chloride ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Sugar Palm Fiber

The present study deals with the effects of alkaline and benzoyl chloride treatments of sugar palm fibers (SPFs) on the mechanical and morphological properties of SPF-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites. Seven different parameters of SPFs were compared, which were untreated, three alkaline solution concentrations of 4%, 5%, and 6% for alkaline treatment, and 50 ml benzoyl chloride-treated SPFs at three different soaking durations of 10, 15, and 20 min. Composites of 30 wt.% SPF–reinforced 70 wt.% PLA were prepared by using a Brabender plastograph mixer and a hot press. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the SPF/PLA composites were improved after alkaline and benzoyl chloride treatments on the SPFs. However, the best tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites were observed at 6% alkaline treatment of SPF; the morphological analysis also supported this. The 6% alkaline treatment of the SPF/PLA composite demonstrated the highest tensile, flexural, and impact strength values of 17.08 MPa, 32.34 MPa, and 4.39 kJ/m2, respectively. These treated SPF/PLA composites could be appropriate for automobile component applications.

Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

scholarly journals Production of Eco-Sustainable Materials: Compatibilizing Action in Poly (Lactic Acid)/High-Density Biopolyethylene Bioblends

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12157
Author(s):  
Eduardo da Silva Barbosa Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽  
Danilo Diniz Siqueira ◽  
Edson Antonio dos Santos Filho ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
High Density ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Motivated by environment preservation, the increased use of eco-friendly materials such as biodegradable polymers and biopolymers has raised the interest of researchers and the polymer industry. In this approach, this work aimed to produce bioblends using poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and high-density biopolyethylene (BioPE); due to the low compatibility between these polymers, this work evaluated the additional influence of the compatibilizing agents: poly (ethylene octene) and ethylene elastomer grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (POE-g-GMA and EE-g-GMA, respectively), polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), polyethylene grafted with acrylic acid (PE-g-AA) and the block copolymer styrene (ethylene-butylene)-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) to the thermal, mechanical, thermomechanical, wettability and morphological properties of PLA/BioPE. Upon the compatibilizing agents’ addition, there was an increase in the degree of crystallinity observed by DSC (2.3–7.6% related to PLA), in the thermal stability as verified by TG (6–15 °C for TD10%, 6–11 °C TD50% and 112–121 °C for TD99.9% compared to PLA) and in the mechanical properties such as elongation at break (with more expressive values for the addition of POE-g-GMA and SEBS-g-MA, 9 and 10%, respectively), tensile strength (6–19% increase compared to PLA/BioPE bioblend) and a significant increase in impact strength, with evidence of plastic deformation as observed through SEM, promoted by the PLA/ BioPE phases improvement. Based on the gathered data, the added compatibilizers provided higher performing PLA/BioPE. The POE-g-GMA compatibilizer was considered to provide the best properties in relation to the PLA/BioPE bioblend, as well as the PLA matrix, mainly in relation to impact strength, with an increase of approximately 133 and 100% in relation to PLA and PLA/BioPE bioblend, respectively. Therefore, new ecological materials can be manufactured, aiming at benefits for the environment and society, contributing to sustainable development and stimulating the consumption of eco-products.

scholarly journals Impact Toughness and Ductility Enhancement of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends via Addition of Glycidyl Methacrylate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kit Chee ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
The Impact

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends were prepared via melt blending technique. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was added as reactive compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between immiscible phases of PLA and PCL matrices. Tensile test revealed that optimum in elongation at break of approximately 327% achieved when GMA loading was up to 3wt%. Slight drop in tensile strength and tensile modulus at optimum ratio suggested that the blends were tuned to be deformable. Flexural studies showed slight drop in flexural strength and modulus when GMA wt% increases as a result of improved flexibility by finer dispersion of PCL in PLA matrix. Besides, incorporation of GMA in the blends remarkably improved the impact strength. Highest impact strength was achieved (160% compared to pure PLA/PCL blend) when GMA loading was up to 3 wt%. SEM analysis revealed improved interfacial adhesion between PLA/PCL blends in the presence of GMA. Finer dispersion and smooth surface of the specimens were noted as GMA loading increases, indicating that addition of GMA eventually improved the interfacial compatibility of the nonmiscible blend.

scholarly journals Flexural Properties of Wet-Laid Hybrid Nonwoven Recycled Carbon and Flax Fibre Composites in Poly-Lactic Acid Matrix

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tse ◽  
Xueli Yu ◽  
Hugh Gong ◽  
Constantinos Soutis
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Properties

Recycling carbon fibre is crucial in the reduction of waste from the increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced composites in industry. The reclaimed fibres, however, are usually short and discontinuous as opposed to the continuous virgin carbon fibre. In this work, short recycled carbon fibres (rCF) were mixed with flax and poly-lactic acid (PLA) fibres acting as the matrix to form nonwoven mats through wet-laying. The mats were compression moulded to produce composites with different ratios of rCF and flax fibre in the PLA matrix. Their flexural behaviour was examined through three-point-bending tests, and their morphological properties were characterised with scanning electron and optical microscopes. Experimental data showed that the flexural properties increased with higher rCF content, with the maximum being a flexural modulus of approximately 14 GPa and flexural strength of 203 MPa with a fibre volume fraction of 75% rCF and 25% flax fibre. The intimate mixing of the fibres contributed to a lesser reduction of flexural properties when increasing the flax fibre content.

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer and α-Cellulose

2019 ◽  
Vol 947 ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Patteera Opasakornwong ◽  
Ratchadakorn Poohoi ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Ethylene Copolymer ◽  
Internal Mixer

This work studied the improvement of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) properties by adding propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) and α-cellulose (AC). The PLA blends and composites were melt mixed by an internal mixer and molded by compression method. The morphological analysis observed the phase separation of PLA/PEC blends due to minor PEC phase dispersed as spherical shape in PLA phase, indicating a poor interfacial adhesion between PLA and PEC phases. The incorporation of AC did not improve the compatibility of polymer blends. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of PLA blends reduced with increasing amount of PEC because the elastics of ethylene molecules in PEC structure. Young’s modulus of PLA/PEC/AC composites increased with increasing AC contents. The stress at break of the PLA/PEC blends was improved with the presence of AC. The strain at break of PLA/PEC blends increased with increasing PEC contents, and the presence of AC showed the decrease of strain at break of PLA/PEC blends.

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