scholarly journals Impact Toughness and Ductility Enhancement of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends via Addition of Glycidyl Methacrylate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kit Chee ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
The Impact

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends were prepared via melt blending technique. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was added as reactive compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between immiscible phases of PLA and PCL matrices. Tensile test revealed that optimum in elongation at break of approximately 327% achieved when GMA loading was up to 3wt%. Slight drop in tensile strength and tensile modulus at optimum ratio suggested that the blends were tuned to be deformable. Flexural studies showed slight drop in flexural strength and modulus when GMA wt% increases as a result of improved flexibility by finer dispersion of PCL in PLA matrix. Besides, incorporation of GMA in the blends remarkably improved the impact strength. Highest impact strength was achieved (160% compared to pure PLA/PCL blend) when GMA loading was up to 3 wt%. SEM analysis revealed improved interfacial adhesion between PLA/PCL blends in the presence of GMA. Finer dispersion and smooth surface of the specimens were noted as GMA loading increases, indicating that addition of GMA eventually improved the interfacial compatibility of the nonmiscible blend.

Reactive compatibilization of poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene octene copolymer blends with ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Cheng Pai ◽  
Hou-Hsein Chu ◽  
Sun-Mou Lai
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A melt blending process was used to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/metallocene catalyzed polyethylene octene copolymer (POE) blends in order to toughen PLA. A commercialized ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) was applied as a compatibilizer to improve the dispersion and interaction of dispersed POE to the PLA matrix. The results showed that chemical interaction seems to be the driving force for reinforcing the compatibility between PLA and POE, and also the dispersion of POE into the PLA matrix domain. With the incorporation of 10 phr EGMA in the blends, POE was well-dispersed at a sub-micrometer scale within the PLA matrix, indicating better interfacial compatibility between PLA and POE. The impact strength test revealed that POE could significantly toughen PLA containing EGMA in the blends, up to no-break level regarding unnotched Izod impact strength at 10 phr EGMA content. With the increase of EGMA content, the blends showed lower tensile strength, but higher elongation at break due to the elastomeric characteristics of EGMA. When 10 phr of the EGMA was incorporated into the blends, its elongation at break reached 54.5%, 10.7 times that of neat PLA at 5.1%. The melt viscosity of compatibilized blends containing 10 phr EGMA increased by more than 50% in comparison with the non-compatibilized blend, which implied a good interfacial interaction between the PLA and POE interface.

Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

Toughening of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Blending with Poly(Ethylene-co-Octene)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorayut Wongsampanwech ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Polymer Blending ◽  
Polyolefin Elastomer ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact

Poly (lactic acid) or PLA is one of the most promising biodegradable and bio-based materials commercially available for the manufacturing of environmentally friendly plastic products. Although, PLA has high modulus and biodegradable property, its brittleness and low thermal stability are the disadvantages. Several means have been explored so as to overcome this drawback, i.e. copolymerization, addition of some additives as well as blending with other polymers. The polymer blending technique has attracted the most attention because of its simplicity and economical reason. It was reported that the addition of a polyolefin elastomer e.g. poly (ethylene-co-octene) or POE in PLA matrix can effectively improve its brittleness. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the effect of the amount of POE on mechanical properties of the polymer blends. POE was also modified with glycidyl methacrylate in order to improve the compatibility between the two polymers. The results pointed out that the impact strength of PLA markedly increased while tensile and flexural properties of the blends were slightly lower than that of neat PLA. It was also observed that the tensile and flexural properties were slightly higher when the modified POE was used rather than those with unmodified POE which indicated the improved interfacial compatibility between two polymers.

scholarly journals Effects of Rice Straw Powder (RSP) Size and Pretreatment on Properties of FDM 3D-Printed RSP/Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Wangwang Yu ◽  
Lili Dong ◽  
Wen Lei ◽  
Yuhan Zhou ◽  
Yongzhe Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
3D Printed

To develop a new kind of environment-friendly composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, rice straw powder (RSP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were FDM-3D-printed, and the effects of the particle size and pretreatment of RSP on the properties of RSP/PLA biocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that the 120-mesh RSP/PLA biocomposites (named 120#RSP/PLA) showed better performance than RSP/PLA biocomposites prepared with other RSP sizes. Infrared results showed that pretreatment of RSP by different methods was successful, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that composites prepared after pretreatment exhibited good interfacial compatibility due to a preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. When RSP was synergistically pretreated by alkaline and ultrasound, the composite exhibited a high tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 58.59, 568.68, 90.32, and 3218.12 MPa, respectively, reflecting an increase of 31.19%, 16.48%, 18.75%, and 25.27%, respectively, compared with unmodified 120#RSP/PLA. Pretreatment of RSP also improved the thermal stability and hydrophobic properties, while reducing the water absorption of 120#RSP/PLA. This work is believed to provide highlights of the development of cost-effective biocomposite filaments and improvement of the properties of FDM parts.

scholarly journals The combined plasticization of jute and tung oil anhydride for jute fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110576
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Can Chen ◽  
Lan Xie ◽  
Xiaolang Chen ◽  
Guangqiang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Pseudoplastic Fluid ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
The Impact

In this work, novel plasticizing biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by melt blending of jute and tung oil anhydride (TOA), and the physical and mechanical properties of PLA/jute/TOA composites were tested and characterized. The impact strength of PLA/jute/TOA composites significantly increases with increasing the content of TOA. The SEM images of fracture surface of PLA/jute/TOA composites become rough after the incorporation of TOA. In addition, TOA changes the crystallization temperature and decomposition process of PLA/jute/TOA composites. With increasing the amount of TOA, the value of storage modulus (E′) of PLA/jute/TOA composites gradually increases. The complex viscosity (η*) values for all samples reduce obviously with increasing the frequency, which means that the pure PLA and PLA/jute/TOA composites is typical pseudoplastic fluid. This is attributed to the formation of crosslinking, which restricts the deformation of the composites.

scholarly journals Investigation on compatibility of PLA/PBAT blends modified by epoxy-terminated branched polymers through chemical micro-crosslinking

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yujuan Jin ◽  
Kai’er Kang ◽  
Nan Yang ◽  
Yunxuan Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, a type of epoxy-terminated branched polymer (ETBP) was used as an interface compati- bilizer to modify the poly lactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) (70/30) blends. Upon addition of ETBP, the difference in glass transition temperature between PLA and PBAT became smaller. By adding 3.0 phr of ETBP, the elongation at break of the PLA/PBAT blends was found increased from 45.8% to 272.0%; the impact strength increased from 26.2 kJ·m−2 to 45.3 kJ·m−2. In SEM analysis, it was observed that the size of the dispersed PBAT particle decreased with the increasing of ETBP content. These results indicated that the compatibility between PLA and PBAT can be effectively enhanced by using ETBP as the modifier. The modification mechanism was discussed in detail. It proposes that both physical and chemical micro-crosslinking were formed, the latter of which was confirmed by gel content analysis.

scholarly journals A study on the mechanical, thermal properties and crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic poly(propylene carbonate) polyurethane blends

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) ◽  
pp. 46183-46194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yang ◽  
Hongwei Pan ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Shulin Sun ◽  
Huiliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Poly Propylene ◽  
The Impact

PPCU was prepared by using PPC and polyols as the raw materials and diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI) as the extender chain. The impact strength and elongation at break of PLA were remarkably enhanced by blending with PPCU.

Improvement of Poly(Lactic Acid) Properties by Using Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber and Polyethylene-g-Maleic Anhydride

2019 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Chawisa Wisuttrakarn ◽  
Kasana Chomphunoi ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
The Impact

This research prepared poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends before and after adding polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride with 3 wt% of maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA3) 3 phr. The effects of NBR and PE-g-MA3 on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA and PLA blends were discussed. The morphological analysis observed the two-phase morphology of PLA/NBR blends, and it was observed the cavities generated due to NBR phase detachment during sample fracture, and droplets of NBR phase at higher NBR content. The PE-g-MA3 addition could improve adhesion between PLA and NBR phases due to the decrease of cavities in PLA matrix and droplet size of NBR. The mechanical properties showed the impact strength and strain at break of PLA/NBR blends dramatically increased when the amount of NBR increasing. The addition of PE-g-MA3 significantly improved the impact strength of PLA/NBR blends. The thermal properties showed the NBR addition had effect slightly on the melting temperature of PLA/NBR blends. The filling of NBR and PE-g-MA3 greatly decreased the percent crystallinity of PLA more than two times. The thermal degradation of pure PLA and NBR proceeds by one step, while the thermal degradation process of PLA/NBR and PLA/PE-g-MA3 proceeds by two steps. Which the first step showed a large mass loss of PLA degradation and the second step showed a small mass loss of PE-g-MA and NBR degradation.

Biocomposites of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Cellulose Nanofibers from Cassava Pulp

2017 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Chi Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Chaiwat ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used as biobased fillers to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based biocomposites. Cellulose nanofibers were extracted from cassava pulp (CP) by acid hydrolysis method. Before submitted to acid treatment, CP was pre-treated by alkali and bleaching treatments. The biocomposites were prepared by melt mixing, followed by hot melt pressing. In order to improve the compatibility of CNFs with PLA matrix, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted poly (lactic acid) (PLA-g-GMA) was used as a compatibilizer. PLA-g-GMA was prepared by grafting of GMA onto PLA chain via melt mixing using an internal mixer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph shows that most nanofibers with the diameter in the range of 10-30 nm and immeasurable length were obtained. The appearance of two new peaks at 49.07 and 44.71 ppm in the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectrum of PLA-g-GMA, which represent the carbons of the epoxy group of GMA, confirms that GMA was successfully grafted onto PLA chain. The morphology of biocomposites, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reveals that without using PLA-g-GMA, the poor dispersion of CNFs in PLA matrix was observed. In contrast to that, with using PLA-g-GMA, the dispersion of CNFs in PLA matrix was improved. Moreover, the impact strength results show that by incorporating 1.0 wt% CNFs into PLA matrix and using PLA-g-GMA as a compatibilizer, the impact strength of biocomposites was slightly enhanced compared to that of pure PLA.

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