Thinking of Crime: The State, Migrant Population and the Missing Justice

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004908572110121
Author(s):  
G. N. Devy
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Colonial Government

This lecture discusses the ‘idea of crime’ as it was understood by the colonial establishment and also as understood by the present government. In 1871, Lord Mayo introduced the bill leading to the infamous Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) which led to the segregation of a certain set of professions and lifestyles from the rest of society. The segregation was given a concrete form with the creation of penal settlements by the colonial government. The communities brought under the provisions of the CTA are now known as Denotified Tribes, not to be mistaken with adivasis. Mostly nomadic in habit, the Denotified and Nomadic Tribes have suffered the worst humiliation in the history of modern India. In recent decades, the idea of crime has also been associated with non-state actors in order to deal with terrorism. However, the provisions of laws made towards this objective, such as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967, are being used speciously to restrain social activists and thinkers. This has raised many questions in recent years. The theme of this lecture outlines the gap between the idea of crime and the idea of justice that needs to be bridged in the interests of deepening democracy in India.

scholarly journals Managing Opposition in a Hybrid Regime: Just Russia and Parastatal Opposition

Slavic Review ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke March
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Partido Revolucionario Institucional ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Leftist Party ◽  
Hybrid Regime ◽  
Opposition Parties

In this article Luke March explores the Russian authorities’ efforts to “manage democracy” through the creation of “parties of power.” It focuses on the quasi-leftist party Just Russia, one of four parties currentiy represented in the Russian Duma and the only one that represents a “parastatal” opposition (opposition owned and controlled by the state). The history of Just Russia tells us much about the dynamics of what Andrew Wilson has described as Russia's “virtual politics“: the regime must continually organize manageable quasi-opposition parties in order to bolster its democratic credentials and channel real social discontent, yet whenever it does so effectively, it quickly creates a potential political threat that must be neutralized. Just Russia has parallels in other authoritarian party systems, such as Mexico under the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) or Nigeria under Abacha and Babangida; the main difference in contemporary Russia lies in the remarkable skill with which Russian state actors conjure up and promote ersatz parties. Nevertheless, even in Russia, virtual politics may become real politics in the longer term.

The History of the Creation of the VII State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
K. S. Guzev
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Scien Tists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Objective Necessity

Introduction. The objective necessity of the appearance of this code of laws for the pharmaceu-tical industry is shown. The proofs of the readiness of all branches of pharmacy to develop the text of the Pharmacopoeia, taking into account modern international requirements for scientific and practical activities in the development, manufacture and production of medicines, are presented.Text. The work presents the history of the creation of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. The sequence of steps for the formation of the Pharmacopoeia Commission, the stages of its activities for the preparation of the updated text of the Pharmacopoeia is described, a detailed analysis of the prepared text is given in comparison with the current Pharmacopoeia of the VI edition (1910). Various points of view of experts on the content of the main text are cited, which served as the basis for the new document. The role of domestic scien-tists-pharmacists in the development and publication of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR is evaluated.Conclusion. The role of the Pharmacopoeia Commission in the timely development of the text of the new edition of the State Pharmacopoeia is emphasized. The fact of its wide discussion among experts and the novelty of the approach, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the entire industry, are noted.

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF COLLECTING THE DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND CREATING THE STATE ARCHIVAL FUND OF THE USSR IN 1917–1930S

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Nina I. Khimina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Effective Use

The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.

scholarly journals Pages of the history of Ossetian art: national opera studio at the moscow conservatory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Батагова
Keyword(s):  
Musical Theater ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
National Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Strategy

Данная статья посвящена одному из аспектов становления и раз- вития осетинского национального музыкального театра. Раскрывается исто- рия создания и функционирования Осетинской оперной студии при Московской государственной консерватории. Формирование национальных оперных студий явилось одной из составляющих государственной стратегии по ускоренному развитию музыкального искусства в национальных республиках. Выпускники Осетинской оперной студии составили основу Оперного ансамбля (1951), а за- тем и оперной труппы национального музыкального театра (1958, 1972). Осо- бое внимание автор уделил изучению архивных документов, материалов прес- сы, раскрывающих особенности учебного процесса и творческой деятельности студийцев. This article is devoted to one of the aspects of formation and development of the Ossetian national musical theater. The history of the creation and functioning of the Ossetian Opera Studio at the Moscow State Conservatory is revealed. The formation of national Opera studios was one of the components of the state strategy for the accelerated development of musical art in the national republics. Graduates of the Ossetian opera studio formed the basis of the Opera ensemble (1951), and then the Opera Сompany of the National Musical Theater (1958, 1972). The author paid special attention to the study of archival documents and press materials that reveal the features of the educational process and creative activities of students.

scholarly journals The fate of the Russian archaeologist at the era-breaking time

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Mironenko Maria P. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
The North ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Russian North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Breaking Time ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the fate of an archaeologist, historian, employee of the Rumyantsev Museum, local historian, head of the section for the protection of museums and monuments of art and antiquities in Arkhangelsk, member and active participant of the Arkhangelsk Church Archaeological Committee and the Arkhangelsk Society for the Study of Russian North K.N. Lyubarsky (1886–1920). The Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum stores his archive, which sheds light on the history of his struggle to protect churches and other monuments of art and culture dying in the North of Russia during the revolution and civil war, for the creation of the Arkhangelsk Regional Museum.

scholarly journals Learning to Labour: “Native” Orphans in Colonial India, 1840s–1920s

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-42
Author(s):  
Soni
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Power ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Poor Children

AbstractTo this day, the history of indigenous orphans in colonial India remains surprisingly understudied. Unlike the orphans of Britain or European and Eurasian orphans in the colony, who have been widely documented, Indian orphans are largely absent in the existing historiography. This article argues that a study of “native” orphans in India helps us transcend the binary of state power and poor children that has hitherto structured the limited extant research on child “rescue” in colonial India. The essay further argues that by shifting the gaze away from the state, we can vividly see how non-state actors juxtaposed labour and education. I assert that the deployment of child labour by these actors, in their endeavour to educate and make orphans self-sufficient, did not always follow the profitable trajectory of the state-led formal labour regime (seen in the Indian indenture system or early nineteenth-century prison labour). It was often couched in terms of charity and philanthropy and exhibited a convergence of moral and economic concerns.

Solidarity in the Galilee

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-558
Author(s):  
Orit Bashkin
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Of Israel

Abstract Adel Manna’s Nakba and Survival: The Story of the Palestinians Who Remained in Haifa and the Galilee, 1948–1956 appeared in Arabic and Hebrew in 2016–2017. Manna’s book gives voice to the experience of the first generation of Palestinians living within the State of Israel. Here, four scholars of Palestinian and Israeli history review Nakba and Survival and weigh its importance for reckoning with the entangled history of the creation of Israel and the related dispossession of Palestinians during and after 1948.

scholarly journals IMPERIAL AND SOVIET DIMENSIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ISSUE IN O. LOTOTSKY’S JOURNALISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Galina Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Independent State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
National Issue

This paper aims at studying O. Lototsky’s journalistic works during the revolutions of 1905-1907, 1917-1921 and the emigration of 1920-1930. The main focus is on the analysis of the position of Ukrainian lands in the imperial era and the Soviet period, as well as the vision of key problems and political prospects proposed in the articles of O. Lototsky. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. Both general scientific and special-historical methods are used in the study, namely: historical and comparative, problematic, research tools of the history of ideas (intellectual history) and biographistics. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by its focus on the analysis of the content of Lototsky’s journalistic works in the context of opportunities to solve the Ukrainian national issue in the conditions of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Conclusions. O. Lototsky’s creative legacy contains a significant amount of journalistic material. Their topics are diverse: from reviews of the economic situation of Ukrainian lands to the analysis of the state of educational institutions in the Russian Empire and the problems of the clergy. Considerable attention in these materials is devoted to the Ukrainian national issue. Due to O. Lototsky’s active social activity from 1906 to 1917, the topics of his essays frequently intertwined with the problems in which he was directly involved (for example, the status of the Ukrainian language and the abolition of bans on its use). The position of the Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire and other states in the specified period was of his particular concern. During the emigrant era, the publicist continued to express his vision of the situation of Ukrainian territories within the USSR. The leading idea expressed in most of O. Lototsky’s materials of that period was that the state policy of both the Russian Empire and the USSR did not provide for the creation of an independent Ukrainian state, let alone support for Ukrainian culture. Given the historical experiences of the Ukrainian lands, O. Lototsky in the 1920s and 1930s was an active supporter of the creation of an independent state. O. Lototsky’s diverse creative legacy, his active social and political activities leave many more aspects for further elaboration, analysis, and determination of the significance of his heritage in the intellectual history of Ukraine and the Ukrainian movement.

scholarly journals A defesa do liberalismo nas páginas do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo durante a campanha "O petróleo é nosso" (1946-1953) * The defense of liberalism in O Estado de S. Paulo’s pages during the campaign "The oil is ours" (1946-1953)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
CELSO CARVALHO JR.
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Capital ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Monopoly ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
History Of The Press

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> Este trabalho tem por objetivo acompanhar a participação do jornal <em>O Estado de S. Paulo</em> nos debates travados em torno da criação da Petrobras. Órgão de tendência liberal, defendeu em suas páginas a presença do capital estrangeiro na economia brasileira opondo-se aos nacionalistas da campanha “O petróleo é nosso”, que defendiam a exploração de petróleo por meio do monopólio estatal. A imprensa teve um papel importante na questão do petróleo e aqui é entendida como um agente histórico que intervém nos acontecimentos, forma opiniões, conquista adeptos para suas causas e difunde projetos políticos e visões de mundo. Com o periódico paulista não foi diferente. A leitura de suas páginas, entre os anos de 1946 e 1953, revelou as estratégias e argumentos mobilizados pelo jornal para convencer o leitor a apoiar abertura do setor petrolífero à iniciativa privada.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> História da imprensa – O Estado de S. Paulo – Petrobras – Liberalismo.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper aims to monitor the participation of the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo in debates around the creation of Petrobras. This liberal trend organ defended in its pages the presence of foreign capital in the Brazilian economy opposing the nationalist campaign ". The oil is ours " , which defended the oil exploration through the state monopoly . The press played an important role in the oil issue and here it is understood as a historical agent that intervenes in events, constitutes opinions, attract followers for their causes and spreads political projects and worldviews . With this São Paulo’s newspaper it was not different. Reading its pages between the years 1946 and 1953 revealed the strategies and arguments deployed by the newspaper to persuade the readers to support the opening of the oil sector to private initiative.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>History of the press – O Estado de S. Paulo – Petrobras – Liberalism.</p>

Poland’s Security Policy. Experiences and Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 697 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kośmider
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The processes of development and functioning of the State in the context of its security certainly have to be considered not only in a multisectoral perspective, but also in the perspective of the so-called “longevity,” the effects of which are perceived in a broader sense. Capturing the essence of the described phenomena, the regularities of which have a universal dimension, is crucial for research. It is impossible to envisage a future, also in terms of security, without dialogue with the past. The history of Poland does not coincide with a simple series of events substantiating contemporary conditions or confirming confidence in the victory of historical justice. In this context, the question of historical conclusions regarding the “nature” of the Polish state and its future remains relevant. The assessment of strategic directions of the Polish security policy, seen through the prism of rich (over a thousand) years of experience proves that the creation of new assumptions of the national security system without considering the conclusions drawn from history may constitute a deficient concept, comprising incomplete or even erroneous recommendations.

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