scholarly journals Stop Smoking the Easyway: Addiction, Self-Help, and Tobacco Cessation

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-214
Author(s):  
Donncha Marron
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smoking Addiction ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Free Capacity

This article examines Easyway, a popular clinical and self-help method for the treatment of smoking addiction established by the late Allen Carr in 1984. It begins by addressing how smoking has come to be constituted as a neuropharmacological addiction and some of the issues and concerns raised against this in the social sciences. After situating its theoretical and empirical focus, the article then proceeds with an interpretative thematic analysis of a selection of Easyway self-help texts. The aims here are as follows: firstly, to show how Easyway, as a discourse, constitutes the problem of nicotine addiction in novel and distinctive ways; secondly, to elaborate how the Easyway texts seek to govern readers—paradoxically, through their free capacity for reflection, introspection, and action—to overcome their situated addiction to smoking; and thirdly, to identify and locate the significance of the author’s implicit claims to charisma in underpinning his authority to know and treat nicotine addiction.

Teaching the West and the World from the Massachusetts Framework

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Paul Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
World History ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Curriculum Framework ◽  
Massachusetts History ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Selection Of

This article summarizes how teachers may implement the Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Framework as they design and teach courses in Western civilization and world history. It discusses the integration of history, geography, and the social sciences, together with suggested approaches to common problems such as the balance between Western and world studies, selection of main topics and questions, professional development, student assessment, and challenges teachers may confront.

Thematic Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Jean-Frédéric Morin ◽  
Christian Olsson ◽  
Ece Özlem Atikcan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distinct Method

This chapter evaluates thematic analysis (TA), which is one of the oldest and most widely used qualitative analytic method across the social sciences. TA is a flexible method for identifying and analysing patterns of meaning — ‘themes’ — in qualitative data, with wide-ranging applications. The method has a long, if indeterminate, history in the social sciences, but seems likely to have evolved from early forms of (qualitative) content analysis. TA is now more likely to be demarcated and acknowledged as a distinct method; however, confusion remains about what TA is. The popularity of TA as a distinct method received a considerable boost from the publication of Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology by social psychologists Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke in 2006, which has become one of the most cited academic papers of recent decades.

How Not to Use Evolutionary Theory in Politics: A Critique of Peter John

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Dowding
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Poll Tax

In a recent issue of this journal Peter John (1999) suggests we can use an evolutionary account to explain policy change. In particular he suggests we should see the battle of ideas about policy formation as an evolutionary process and gives as an example the introduction and abolition of the poll tax. John is correct in two claims in his article. First, traditional models of policy-generation tend to ignore the role of ideas, concentrating attention upon the bargaining and power struggles between different sets of competing interests. Secondly, he is right that evolutionary explanation has a place in the social sciences. But these two thoughts are best kept apart and the way he packages them suggests a poor understanding of evolutionary explanation and of the role ideas may play within it. There are at least three problems with his account. First, the object at which he directs explanation —in his example the poll tax—is misspecified. Secondly, he fails to specify a mechanism for the natural selection of ideas, leaving his claim about the promise of evolutionary accounts vague and unsatisfactory. Finally, he fails to distinguish learning as an intentional process from selection as an evolutionary one.

scholarly journals Managerial Self-efficacy and Discretionary Behavior Improving Work Environment for Small Firm Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Mohammed-Aminu Sanda
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Discretionary Behavior

This study explores the self-efficacies and discretionary behaviours exhibited by managers of small Ghanaian firms with the purpose of understanding how the interplay of these two attributes impacted on employee motivation and performances. The selection of participants was guided by the snowballing technique. Data was collected by distributing self-completion questionnaires entailing managerial self-efficacy and discretionary behavior items to 100 study participants who were managers of small firms in two Ghanaian metropolises. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the statistical package for the Social Sciences software. The results show that the managers had strong senses of affective attachment to their firms due to the use of their self-efficacies to generate dynamic influences on their firms’ performances. They also exhibit discretionary behaviours that motivate their employees to work together to achieve organizational goals. The study concludes that the absence of interplay between the managers’ self-efficacies and their discretionary behaviours constrains the efficient and effective performances of their firms.

scholarly journals Isu Global dan Tantangan Pembelajaran Pendidikan IPS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Sholeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Good Citizenship ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Classroom Level

Global issues able to seize the attention of the global community and broad influence, including encouraging community groups take bold decisions. Social Studies stakeholders keeping the spirit of good citizenship, so as to be able to address global issues such well through learning more meaningful to be able to dampen the negative impact of the growing global issue. Social Studies is simplification and the selection of the disciplines of the social sciences and humanities, as well as basic human activity that is organized and presented scientifically and psychologically for educational purposes. Global issues is a challenge in implementing the learning Social Studies. Efforts to address these challenges can be carried out at the institutional level and the classroom level. Institutionally, Social Studies curriculum should be adapted to the global challenges, academic forum intensity increased quantity and quality. At the classroom level, teachers and lecturers need to increase its capacity through training and creative in implementing meaningful learning in order to attempt to produce good citizens can be realized.Keywords: Global Issues, Challenges Learning, Socia Studies

scholarly journals Current Antifungal Drug Prescribing to Treat Oral Thrush in Sulaimani City-Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hezha Omer Rsaul
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Selection Of

Oral thrush or oral candidosis is one of the most widespread fungal infections of the mucous membranes in human. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of prescribing of three antifungal drugs: nystatin, amphotericin B, fluconazole, and miconazole by the pharmacists and assistant pharmacists, which are used to treat oral thrush. A questionnaire was circulated to a random selection of pharmacies in Sulaimani city of Iraq between March 2017 and June 2017 and responses to were received from 101 pharmacies. The results were analyzed and the responses demonstrated as absolute and relative frequencies using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 21.  Among the participants (65.3%) were males and (34.7%) were females. The participant's age range was (20 – 70) years. The majority (52.3%) holds a postgraduate degree as their highest educational level and they graduated after 2010. Miconazole and nystatin were the most popular choices of an antifungal agent that pharmacists would use, followed by fluconazole and amphotericin-B. The possibility of using miconazole was positively linked to recently graduated participants.

Surprising Causes: Propensity-adjusted Treatment Scores for Multimethod Case Selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412110046
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Galvin ◽  
Jason N. Seawright
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Variable ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Causal Variable ◽  
Selection Of

Scholarship on multimethod case selection in the social sciences has developed rapidly in recent years, but many possibilities remain unexplored. This essay introduces an attractive and advantageous new alternative, involving the selection of extreme cases on the treatment variable, net of the statistical influence of the set of known control variables. Cases that are extreme in this way are those in which the value of the main causal variable is as surprising as possible, and thus, this approach can be referred to as seeking “surprising causes.” There are practical advantages to selecting on surprising causes, and there are also advantages in terms of statistical efficiency in facilitating case-study discovery. We first argue for these advantages in general terms and then demonstrate them in an application regarding the dynamics of U.S. labor legislation.

scholarly journals Wybrane problemy metodologiczne badań procesów globalizacji

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Stanisław Sala
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Homogeneous Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Problems ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents an attempt to identify methodological problems in the research into the processes of globalization. Originally globalization was treated as a homogeneous process, leaving its impress on the ground of economic and social sciences. Later, however, scientists realized that globalization triggers a lot of processes, part of which are known, but many of which we are not aware of. In this context, it is more proper to write and talk not about globalization but about the processes of globalization. The author understands the processes of globalization as a whole of the processes which occur on the social- economic and political plane. The processes lighten mutual connections between countries, regions or single people, and their consequences. According to the author, the main problems in the research into processes of globalization are: problems with defining the subject of research, lack of proper methodology and methods of research, interdisciplinary problems and problems with objectivity of facts. The selection of proper research methods to conduct the research into the processes of globalization poses a lot of difficulties. They result from the fact that geography has worked out a lot of detailed research methods, used to describe quantitative phenomena, which are the essence of globalization, using qualitative methods. At this stage of research, the essence of globalization can be captured by using systematic approach in an idiographic sense.

scholarly journals Motivasi Pemilihan Lintas Minat Sains pada Siswa Jurusan Ilmu Sosial

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Yendrita Yendrita
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Student Interests ◽  
Selection Of

This study aims to find out how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation affects students of the Social Sciences Department of SMA N I Suliki District in choosing cross-interest of Science. This type of research is quantitative research with descriptive methods. The research instrument is a set of questionnaire. Samples were taken with a total sampling technique, then the subjects of this study were all students of class X majoring in Social Sciences who chose cross interest of Science, amounting to 126 people, data analysis technique is a percentage technique. Based on the results of data analysis, intrinsic motivation that influences the selection of cross-student interests is as follows: based on ideals of 70.58%, based on student abilities of 69.44%, based on student conditions of 70.33%, based on interests of 66.93 %, based on the attitude of 75.06%, while extrinsic motivation that influences the selection of students' cross-interest is as follows; based on family encouragement of 62.56%, encouragement of friends 59.32%, employment opportunities of 69.57% and opportunities to continue study 61.50%. Whereas based on sub-variables, intrinsic motivation was found to influence the cross-selection of scientific interest by 70.48% (in the good category) and extrinsic motivation by 62.75% (in the good category). The conclusions of this study are: intrinsic motivation influences students more in crossing scientific interests than extrinsic motivation Keywords: Motivation, SAINS Cross-Interest Selection,

scholarly journals Validação de recurso audiovisual para a intenção do uso de preservativos

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaynara Ferreira Filgueiras ◽  
SMALYANNA SGREN DA COSTA ANDRADE ◽  
MICHELLE ALVES DE CARVALHO ◽  
SIMONE HELENA DOS SANTOS OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Uso Del Condón ◽  
Selection Of

RESUMOObjetivo: validar o conteúdo de um recurso audiovisual para a influência da intenção do uso de preservativos. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, metodológico. Realizar-se-á a validação por juízes com formação em Enfermagem, especialistas na temática, e por técnicos com expertise em comunicação. Optar-se-á, para a seleção dos juízes, pela busca desses na Plataforma Lattes e a amostragem será do tipo intencional. Compilar-se-ão os dados obtidos por meio do instrumento no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 22.0. Analisar-se-ão os dados, depois de codificados e tabulados, por meio da estatística descritiva, calculando o índice de validade de conteúdo, considerando valores acima de 0,8. Resultados esperados: pretende-se validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um vídeo educacional direcionado à adesão ao uso de preservativo por mulheres. Descritores: Enfermagem; Estudos de Intervenção; Infecções por HIV; Preservativos; Mulheres; Estudos de Validação.ABSTRACTObjective: to validate the content of an audiovisual resource for the influence of the intention to use condoms. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, methodological study. Validation will be carried out by judges with training in Nursing, specialists in the subject, and by technicians with expertise in communication. For the selection of judges, the search for the Lattes will be chosen and the sampling will be of the intentional type. The data obtained through the instrument will be compiled in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22.0. The data, after being coded and tabulated, will be analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, calculating the content validity index, considering values above 0.8. Expected results: we intend to validate the content and appearance of an educational video aimed at adherence to the use of condoms by women. Descriptors: Nursing; Intervention Studies; HIV infections; Condoms; Women; Validation Studies.RESUMENObjetivo: validar el contenido de un recurso audiovisual para la influencia de la intención del uso de condones. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, metodológico. Se realizará la validación por jueces con formación en Enfermería, especialistas en la temática, y por técnicos con experiencia en comunicación. Se optará, para la selección de los jueces, por la búsqueda de esos en la Plataforma Lattes y el muestreo será del tipo intencional. Se compilarán los datos obtenidos por medio del instrumento en el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 22.0. Se analizarán los datos, después de codificados y tabulados, por medio de la estadística descriptiva, calculando el índice de validez de contenido, considerando valores por encima de 0,8. Resultados esperados: se pretende validar el contenido y la apariencia de un vídeo educativo dirigido a la adhesión al uso del condón por mujeres. Descriptores: Enfermería; Infecciones por HIV; Condón; Mujeres; Enfermería; Estudios de Validación.

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