Theology Recapitulates Ontogeny: Reality Testing as an Analogy in Relating to God

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Boghosian
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Functional Integrity ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviors ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Consistency ◽  
Ontogenetic Process

The Hebraic idea of “truth,” as an interpersonal concept denoting dependability, reliability, and trustworthiness, is discussed as an essential aspect of both psychological development and biblically genuine fellowship with God. Interpersonal “truth” is given a critical role in the ontogenetic process of reality testing, wherein the stability and consistency of interpersonal behaviors and their meanings during early childhood profoundly influence the subsequent functional integrity of menial processes and social adjustment. Reality testing is discussed as analogous to the process through which one can construe and relate to God.

scholarly journals Training may enhance early childhood educators’ self-efficacy to lead physical activity in childcare

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianne A. Bruijns ◽  
Andrew M. Johnson ◽  
Jennifer D. Irwin ◽  
Shauna M. Burke ◽  
Molly Driediger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Childhood Educators ◽  
Outdoor Play ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intervention Component ◽  
Space Extension ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Early childhood educators (ECEs) play a critical role in promoting physical activity (PA) among preschoolers in childcare; thus, PA-related training for ECEs is essential. The Supporting PA in the Childcare Environment (SPACE) intervention incorporated: 1. shorter, more frequent outdoor play sessions; 2. provision of portable play equipment; and, PA training for ECEs. An extension of the SPACE intervention (the SPACE-Extension) incorporated only the shorter, more frequent outdoor play periods component of the original SPACE intervention. The purpose of this study was to explore the individual impact of these interventions on ECEs’ PA-related self-efficacy and knowledge. Methods ECEs from the SPACE (n = 83) and SPACE-Extension (n = 31) were administered surveys at all intervention time-points to assess: self-efficacy to engage preschoolers in PA (n = 6 items; scale 0 to 100); self-efficacy to implement the intervention (n = 6 items); and, knowledge of preschooler-specific PA and screen-viewing guidelines (n = 2 items). A linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the impact of each intervention on ECEs’ self-efficacy and knowledge and controlled for multiple comparison bias. Results The SPACE intervention significantly impacted ECEs’ self-efficacy to engage preschoolers in PA for 180 min/day (main effect), and when outdoor playtime was not an option (interaction effect). Further, the interaction model for ECEs’ knowledge of the total PA guideline for preschoolers approached significance when compared to the main effects model. Participants within the SPACE-Extension did not demonstrate any significant changes in self-efficacy or knowledge variables. Conclusions Findings from this study highlight the benefit of ECE training in PA with regard to fostering their PA-related self-efficacy and knowledge. Future research should explore the impact of PA training for ECEs uniquely in order to determine if this intervention component, alone, can produce meaningful changes in children’s PA behaviours at childcare.

scholarly journals Quantum-mechanical hydration plays critical role in the stability of firefly oxyluciferin isomers: State-of-the-art calculations of the excited states

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (20) ◽  
pp. 201103
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Noguchi ◽  
Miyabi Hiyama ◽  
Motoyuki Shiga ◽  
Hidefumi Akiyama ◽  
Osamu Sugino
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals DNA Genome Size Affects the Stability of the Adenovirus Virion

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 2025-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Smith ◽  
Kathy L. Poulin ◽  
Robin J. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Helper Virus ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Replication Defective Adenovirus

ABSTRACT Replication-defective adenovirus (Ad) vectors can vary considerably in genome length, but whether this affects virion stability has not been investigated. Helper-dependent Ad vectors with a genome size of ∼30 kb were 100-fold more sensitive to heat inactivation than their parental helper virus (>36 kb), and increasing the genome size of the vector significantly improved heat stability. A similar relationship between genome size and stability existed for Ad with early region 1 deleted. Loss of infectivity was due to release of vertex proteins, followed by disintegration of the capsid. Thus, not only does the viral DNA encode all of the heritable information essential for virus replication, it also plays a critical role in maintaining capsid strength and integrity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Effects in Oklahoma City using a Dense Surface Observing Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ming Hu ◽  
Ming Xue ◽  
Petra M. Klein ◽  
Bradley G. Illston ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Business District

AbstractMany studies have investigated urban heat island (UHI) intensity for cities around the world, which is normally quantified as the temperature difference between urban location(s) and rural location(s). A few open questions still remain regarding the UHI, such as the spatial distribution of UHI intensity, temporal (including diurnal and seasonal) variation of UHI intensity, and the UHI formation mechanism. A dense network of atmospheric monitoring sites, known as the Oklahoma City (OKC) Micronet (OKCNET), was deployed in 2008 across the OKC metropolitan area. This study analyzes data from OKCNET in 2009 and 2010 to investigate OKC UHI at a subcity spatial scale for the first time. The UHI intensity exhibited large spatial variations over OKC. During both daytime and nighttime, the strongest UHI intensity is mostly confined around the central business district where land surface roughness is the highest in the OKC metropolitan area. These results do not support the roughness warming theory to explain the air temperature UHI in OKC. The UHI intensity of OKC increased prominently around the early evening transition (EET) and stayed at a fairly constant level throughout the night. The physical processes during the EET play a critical role in determining the nocturnal UHI intensity. The near-surface rural temperature inversion strength was a good indicator for nocturnal UHI intensity. As a consequence of the relatively weak near-surface rural inversion, the strongest nocturnal UHI in OKC was less likely to occur in summer. Other meteorological factors (e.g., wind speed and cloud) can affect the stability/depth of the nighttime boundary layer and can thus modulate nocturnal UHI intensity.

scholarly journals Consistent segregated staggered schemes with explicit steps for the isentropic and full Euler equations

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaèle Herbin ◽  
Jean-Claude Latché ◽  
Trung Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Euler Equations ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Isentropic Euler Equations ◽  
Space Discretization ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Consistency

In this paper, we build and analyze the stability and consistency of decoupled schemes, involving only explicit steps, for the isentropic Euler equations and for the full Euler equations. These schemes are based on staggered space discretizations, with an upwinding performed with respect to the material velocity only. The pressure gradient is defined as the transpose of the natural velocity divergence, and is thus centered. The velocity convection term is built in such a way that the solutions satisfy a discrete kinetic energy balance, with a remainder term at the left-hand side which is shown to be non-negative under a CFL condition. In the case of the full Euler equations, we solve the internal energy balance, to avoid the space discretization of the total energy, whose expression involves cell-centered and face-centered variables. However, since the residual terms in the kinetic energy balance (probably) do not tend to zero with the time and space steps when computing shock solutions, we compensate them by corrective terms in the internal energy equation, to make the scheme consistent with the conservative form of the continuous problem. We then show, in one space dimension, that, if the scheme converges, the limit is indeed an entropy weak solution of the system. In any case, the discretization preserves by construction the convex of admissible states (positivity of the density and, for Euler equations, of the internal energy), under a CFL condition. Finally, we present numerical results which confort this theory.

scholarly journals Sleep and Coping in Early Childhood During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Lokhandwala ◽  
Jennifer F. Holmes ◽  
Gina M. Mason ◽  
Christine W. St. Laurent ◽  
Cassandra Delvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Sleep disturbances in early childhood are associated with mood and anxiety disorders. Children also exhibit sleep disruptions, such as nighttime awakenings, nightmares, and difficulties falling asleep, in conjunction with adverse events and stress. Prior studies have examined independently the role of sleep on adaptive processing, as well as the effects of stress on sleep. However, how childhood sleep and children's adaptive behavior (i.e., coping strategies) bidirectionally interact is currently less known. Using a within-subjects design and actigraphy-measured sleep from 16 preschool-aged children (Mage = 56.4 months, SD = 10.8, range: 36–70 months), this study investigated how prior sleep patterns relate to children's coping during a potentially stressful event, the COVID-19 pandemic, and how prior coping skills may influence children's sleep during the pandemic. Children who woke earlier had greater negative expression both before and during the pandemic. During the pandemic, children slept longer and woke later on average compared to before the pandemic. Additionally, for children engaged in at-home learning, sleeping longer was associated with less negative expression. These findings highlight how sleep behaviors and coping strategies are related, and the stability of this relationship under stress.

scholarly journals Non-Hermitian physics for optical manipulation uncovers inherent instability of large clusters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yineng Liu ◽  
Zhifang Lin ◽  
Jack Ng ◽  
C. T. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Optical Forces ◽  
Exceptional Points ◽  
Complex Eigenvalues ◽  
Microscopic World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Conventional Systems

AbstractIntense light traps and binds small particles, offering unique control to the microscopic world. With incoming illumination and radiative losses, optical forces are inherently nonconservative, thus non-Hermitian. Contrary to conventional systems, the operator governing time evolution is real and asymmetric (i.e., non-Hermitian), which inevitably yield complex eigenvalues when driven beyond the exceptional points, where light pumps in energy that eventually “melts” the light-bound structures. Surprisingly, unstable complex eigenvalues are prevalent for clusters with ~10 or more particles, and in the many-particle limit, their presence is inevitable. As such, optical forces alone fail to bind a large cluster. Our conclusion does not contradict with the observation of large optically-bound cluster in a fluid, where the ambient damping can take away the excess energy and restore the stability. The non-Hermitian theory overturns the understanding of optical trapping and binding, and unveils the critical role played by non-Hermiticity and exceptional points, paving the way for large-scale manipulation.

Effects of tip air injection on the aerodynamic stability of an axial flow compressor with total pressure distortion

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110375
Author(s):  
Baofeng Tu ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Aerodynamic Stability ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Stall Margin ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Inlet Distortion ◽  
The Stability

The compressor is a critical component that determines the aerodynamic stability of an aero-engine. Total pressure inlet distortion decreases the thrust and shrinks the stability margin, thus inducing severe performance degradation or even flameout. Generally, tip air injection is used to reduce the adverse influence of total pressure inlet distortion on the aerodynamic stability. In the present work, an experimental investigation on the effects of tip air injection on the stability of a two-stage low-speed axial compressor with total pressure inlet distortion was carried out. A flat baffle generated the total pressure distortion at the inlet of the compressor. The stall margin of the compressor was reduced significantly by the total pressure distortion. When the dimensionless insertion depth of the flat baffle was 0.45, the stall margin decreased to 11.4%. Under the total pressure inlet distortion, tip air injection effectively improved the distortion resistance capability of the compressor. The circumferential layout of the nozzle played a critical role in the stability expansion effect of tip air injection under the inlet flow condition of the total pressure distortion. The modal wave disturbance was likely to occur in the distortion-affected region (the low-pressure region and the mixing region). Tip air injection did not inhibit the generation of the modal wave but restrained the development of the modal wave into the stall cell. It improved the low-speed compressor’s tolerance to the modal wave and allowed a higher amplitude modal wave to occur.

Attitudes of early childhood education teachers towards educational inclusion and the social adjustment of students with disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXXII (4) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Karolina Mudło-Głagolska
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teachers Attitudes

Research shows that teachers' attitudes are a decisive element of the effective inclusion of students with disabilities, thereby conducive to the social adaptation of these students. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education and the social adjustment of students with disabilities. The sample consisted of 79 teachers of early childhood education working in a mainstream school and having a student in their class with a decision on the need for special education. The study used the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale towards Inclusive Education and the Classroom Behaviour Inventory Preschool to Primary. The results obtained in the study allow the conclusion that the positive beliefs of a teacher towards inclusive education (cognitive component of attitude) are most strongly associated with the social adaptation of a student with a disability. The conducted study showed that the teacher's readiness to modify the physical environment, his communication method and the methods of assessment with regard to the student's abilities and needs is related to the social adaptation of students with disabilities in a mainstream class. These aspects seem to be essential for the optimal functioning of a student with a disability in a mainstream class. The role of teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education in shaping the social adjustment of students with disabilities was emphasized.

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