scholarly journals EMBRacing Racial Stress and Trauma: Preliminary Feasibility and Coping Responses of a Racial Socialization Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riana Elyse Anderson ◽  
Monique McKenny ◽  
Amari Mitchell ◽  
Lydia Koku ◽  
Howard C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Coping Response ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Program Satisfaction ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Response Data ◽  
And Coping

The goal of this article is to report initial feasibility and coping response data from a pilot study of a new five-session intervention (Engaging, Managing, and Bonding through Race [EMBRace]) for Black families utilizing racial socialization to address stress and trauma from racial encounters. Ten caregiver and youth dyads were enrolled and completed the EMBRace intervention. Feasibility was based on a closed-option survey for therapists as well as open-ended participant responses to program satisfaction post-intervention. Responses to stress management were assessed via repeated measures of self-reported coping strategies throughout the sessions. EMBRace was deemed to be acceptable by the majority of therapists and participants with regard to discussing racial encounters. Participant responses were categorized into five primary codes, including advice, clinician approach, program changes, likes, and dislikes. Participants’ coping data throughout the intervention indicates changes in the hypothesized direction (e.g., increased attention to and identification of stressor and decreased stress). The pilot data indicate the desirability of the intervention as well as useful participant feedback for future iterations of EMBRace.

An Examination of Coping in Sport: Individual Trait Anxiety Differences and Situational Consistency

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Giacobbi ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
High Trait ◽  
And Coping

The purposes of the present investigation were to examine the coping responses of different subgroups of athletes (e.g., high and low trait anxious athletes), and to assess the consistency of athlete’s coping behaviors across situations. Two-hundred and seventy-three athletes completed the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) by Smith, Smoll, & Schutz (1990) and coping assessments in trait and state versions of the sport adapted COPE (MCOPE) by Crocker and Graham (1995). The state coping measures assessed coping responses of situations for which the athletes actually experienced. The results of three separate, doubly multivariate, repeated measures, MANOVA’s showed that high trait anxious athletes responded to stressful situations using different coping behaviors (e.g., denial, wishful thinking, and self-blame) than the low trait anxious athletes. In addition, coping appears to be more stable than situationally variable as Pearson correlational coefficients computed between the three measures ranged from 0.53 to 0.80. The results are discussed with regard to theoretical, research, and applied issues.

Examining child mealtime behavior as parents are coached to implement the Mealtime PREP intervention in the home: Findings from a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Angela R Caldwell ◽  
Elizabeth R Skidmore ◽  
Roxanna M Bendixen ◽  
Lauren Terhorst
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Parental Identification ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Mealtime Problems ◽  
Over Time

Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine parental use of evidence-based mealtime strategies, child mealtime behavior, and parental identification of mealtime problems over time as parents were coached to implement the Promoting Routines of Exploration and Play during Mealtime intervention as part of a pilot study. Method This repeated measures study included data collection during three phases: (a) pre-intervention; (b) intervention; (c) post-intervention. Primary outcome measures included a parental strategy use checklist (parental strategy use) and the Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment (problematic child behavior and parental identification of mealtime problems). Linear mixed models were fitted to assess change over time. Results We observed significant improvements in parental strategy use ( p < .001), child mealtime behavior ( p < .001), and parental perception of mealtime problems ( p = .002) over time. Conclusions The results of these analyses signal that empowering parents to integrate evidence-based strategies into child mealtimes is a promising approach to managing child mealtime behavior. More research is needed to determine the true relationship between parental strategy use and child behavior over time.

Stretch-induced hypoalgesia: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-845
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Larouche ◽  
Samuel Camiré Bernier ◽  
Rosalie Racine ◽  
Olivier Collin ◽  
Mikaël Desmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Clinical Pain ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjectivesStretching is an intervention often used in various kinds of rehabilitation protocols and the effects on pain sensitivity has sparsely been investigated, especially when addressing potential effects on pain. The objective is to investigate the immediate effects of an axial and peripheral prolonged stretch on pressure pain sensitivity (PPT) and temporal summation (TS) on local and distal sites in healthy subjects.MethodsTwenty-two healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in this pilot study. Two prolonged stretching protocols were performed: low back and wrist extensors stretches. PPT and pinprick TS were measured pre- and post-intervention at local and remote sites. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the effects and significance of the interventions.ResultsThe low back stretch induced an increase in PPT for both local and remote sites, and the wrist stretch produced a PPT increase only at the local site. TS did not change.ConclusionsLow back stretching induced an increase in PPT at both local and remote sites whereas the wrist stretch only increased PPT locally, suggesting hypoalgesia at these sites. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect and mechanisms using randomised, controlled and parallel study design. Considering that pain sensitivity is different than clinical pain, results are difficult to extrapolate to clinical practice. Future studies testing clinical pain are needed to better understand the clinical implication of these results.

A Multidisciplinary Social Communication and Coping Skills Group Intervention for Adults with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI): A Pilot Feasibility Study in an Inpatient Setting

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Appleton ◽  
Allyson Browne ◽  
Natalie Ciccone ◽  
Kim Fong ◽  
Graeme Hankey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Skills Group ◽  
And Coping

AbstractThere is evidence that individuals with an acquired brain injury (ABI) are at increased risk of developing psychological problems and that they commonly experience difficulties in social communication, associated with poorer long-term outcomes. Although several relevant group interventions have been evaluated, there has been limited exploration of the feasibility of an ABI inpatient intervention. This nonrandomised pilot study tested the feasibility of an inpatient multidisciplinary social communication and coping skills group intervention within 1-year post traumatic/nontraumatic ABI. Seven participants completed a 4-week group program (3 × 1 hour sessions per week) facilitated by a speech pathologist and clinical psychologist and were assessed pre/post intervention and at 3 months with the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire, Correct Information Unit analysis, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Coping Self-Efficacy scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment. Most participants improved between baseline and 3 months post intervention in terms of greater informativeness and efficiency of connected speech and reduced anxiety and they provided positive feedback about the group program. Despite the challenges and limitations of this pilot study, the findings are encouraging and support both the value and feasibility of developing such a program into routine inpatient rehabilitation services.

scholarly journals The Duke Employee Weight Loss Program: Report of a Duke Diet and Fitness Center Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Leonor Corsino ◽  
A. Garrett Hazelton ◽  
Howard Eisenson ◽  
Crystal Tyson ◽  
Laura P. Svetkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
The Impact

Background: Obesity is increasingly prevalent in the industrialized world. Obese workers have two times the number of workers’ compensation claims as those of non-obese workers. Worksite interventions may be especially effective because employees spend a large part of their day in the work environment, and both employee and employer have incentives to improve the employees’ health.Objective: To assess the impact of a 4 week employee intervention in participant’s weight, body fat and blood pressure.Methods: This was a pilot study. We assessed feasibility and impact compared to baseline at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post-program. The primary outcomes were weight and body mass index. Secondary outcomes included percent body fat and blood pressure. Results: Forty participants consented to be part of the study. Baseline weight was 97.8 kg [SD ± 17.05]. Twelve months post-intervention weight loss averaged 2.7 kg [SD ± 6.35]. One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of participation on weight, body mass index, and percent body fat.Conclusion: Significant improvements in the primary outcomes were observed in participants completing our worksite pilot study, indicating that a worksite weight loss intervention is potentially effective.International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 4 No 2 (2014) 44– 50

scholarly journals Exposure to a severe illness prototype, perceptions of severity, and coping responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Evangelos C. Karademas ◽  
Christoforos Thomadakis
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Perceived Illness ◽  
Illness Recognition

The aim of this experimental study was to examine the relationship of exposure to a lung cancer illness prototype to perceptions of illness severity, illness recognition, and coping responses. Two hundred and ten students were presented with Scenarios of a person suffering from lung cancer-related symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned in two groups: half were asked to think of themselves as the patient, and half of “someone else they know”. After each Scenario, participants were asked to respond to a set of questions regarding the perceived severity of symptoms, potential coping actions, and illness recognition. Repeated Measures MANOVAs, moderation analyses, correlations, and chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. According to the results, gradual exposure to more severe symptoms was related to increased perceived illness severity, increased possibility of using an active coping plan (e.g., care seeking), and more accurate illness recognition. Perceived illness severity was related to more active coping. Still, most participants inaccurately recognized an acute disorder in the majority of Scenarios. Participants in the other-person-group reported greater possibility of using active coping. The findings provide support to several of the Common Sense Model suggestions regarding the role of illness prototypes. They also indicate that illness prototypes are flexible, dynamic constructs that vary according to the specific aspects of the condition.

Habit-based workplace physical activity intervention: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hamilton ◽  
E Fraser ◽  
T Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Increasing workplace physical activity has important implications for workers’ health and well-being. However, few interventions targeting physical activity in the workplace are grounded in behavioural theory. Aims The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a 6-week habit-based intervention designed to promote the development of workplace physical activity habits and increase average weekly step counts. Changes in the strength of workplace physical activity habit and weekly step counts were assessed at 1 and 6 weeks following the intervention. Methods The study was a prospective three-wave within-subjects single-arm intervention study that ran for 12 weeks (baseline, 7 weeks, 12 weeks). During the 6-week intervention, participants received information regarding 10 top tips (10TT) to increase and promote habit formation and wore a pedometer during work hours. Differences in workplace physical activity habit and weekly step counts were compared across baseline (T1), 1 (T2) and 6 weeks (T3) post-intervention using repeated measures analyses of variance. Results Data from 20 sedentary office workers at a large Australian University were included. The average strength of workplace physical activity habits significantly increased from baseline (M = 3.90) to 1 week post-intervention (M = 4.45), and these effects were maintained 6 weeks later (M = 4.72). No significant increase in step counts were observed across any of the time points (all P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions The results of this pilot study reveal that workplace physical activity habits can be strengthened via a habit-based intervention. Further research is needed to replicate these findings in larger cohorts of office workers.

scholarly journals Pilot study to evaluate school safety zone built environment interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2021-044299
Author(s):  
Linda Rothman ◽  
Rebecca Ling ◽  
Brent E Hagel ◽  
Colin Macarthur ◽  
Alison K Macpherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
The City

BackgroundSchool safety zones were created in 2017 under the City of Toronto’s Vision Zero Road Safety Plan. This pilot study examined the effect of built environment interventions on driver speeds, active school transportation (AST) and dangerous driving.MethodsInterventions were implemented at 34 schools and 45 matched controls (2017–2019). Drivers travelling over the speed limit of >30 km/hour and 85th percentile speeds were measured using pneumatic speed tubes at school frontages. Observers examined AST and dangerous driving at school arrival times. Repeated measures beta and multiple regression analyses were used to study the intervention effects.ResultsMost schools had posted speed limits of 40 km/hour (58%) or ≥50 km/hour (23%). A decrease in drivers travelling over the speed limit was observed at intervention schools post-intervention (from 44% to 40%; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.96). Seventy-one per cent of drivers travelled >30 km/hour and the 85th percentile speed was 47 km/hour at intervention schools, with no change in either postintervention. There were no changes in speed metrics in the controls. AST increased by 5% (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.54) at intervention schools. Reductions in dangerous driving were observed at all schools.ConclusionsPosted speed limits were >30 km/hour at most schools and high proportions of drivers were travelling above the speed limits. There were reductions in drivers exceeding the speed limit and in dangerous driving, and modest increased AST post intervention. Bolder interventions to slow traffic are required to effectively reduce speeding around schools, which may increase safe AST.

Stressor and Coping Response Inventories for Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra W. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Coping Response ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Item Content ◽  
And Coping

Inventories of stressful situations (daily hassles and major events) and coping responses were developed from open-ended discussions about stress and coping conducted in Grades 4 and 7. Item content and format were designed to elicit a child's perception of the experienced stress rather than an adult's perception of the child's experience. Inventories showed strong content, concurrent, and construct validity. Testing across a 2-wk. interval showed strong reliability for the report of major events; items with weak reliability were eliminated. As expected, reliability for hassles occurring during different weeks was weaker, in particular for Grade 4 children. The relation between experienced stress in an individual situation and total stress was stronger for daily hassles than major events. The choices of coping response by children in both grades showed high reliability.

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