Behind Veterans’ Protests: Passive and Piecemeal Policy-Making in China

Modern China ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 009770042096766
Author(s):  
Junyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Current Leadership ◽  
Demobilized Soldiers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Internal Fragmentation

Veterans have become one of China’s largest and most vocal protest groups. Studies on the country’s veterans have focused on their grievances and have identified these individuals as “unlucky” victims of economic reforms who suffer because of the state’s inadequate attention and local governments’ poor policy implementation. However, this article argues that the difficulties veterans face are the product of piecemeal policies adopted by central authorities. These policies have been inherited from the Maoist era’s principle of local resettlement of demobilized soldiers. Local governments have tried to reduce the heavy burden this resettlement policy imposes on them. Drawing on a review of a large number of policy documents, as well as interviews with dozens of veterans, this article presents a comprehensive picture of the resettlement system and the way piecemeal reforms have spurred various forms of unrest among veterans. It also shows that the differential treatment of various veteran groups in similar situations, as a result of the fragmented system and accumulated policy changes, has exacerbated veterans’ grievances. Finally, the article explores the conundrum of reforming the resettlement system. While the local resettlement of veterans is guaranteed and remains a cornerstone of civil/party-military relations, it has become impossible for the government to locally resettle all veterans. The resettlement system’s internal fragmentation also allows different authorities to shirk responsibility and eventually puts the burden on the veterans themselves. The elusive reforms proposed by the current leadership are unlikely to resolve these tensions.

scholarly journals Smart Trash Bin Model Design and Future for Smart City

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4810
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Huh ◽  
Jae-Hyeon Choi ◽  
Kyungryong Seo
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Administrative Cost ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The trash disposal system, using standard trash bags, has been adopted by the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) for more than two decades. This has caused a sanitary problem, as well as some secondary pollution. It is possible to solve this problem by deploying more manpower, but considering the manpower and maintenance costs that impose a heavy burden on the local governments who are experiencing tight financial situations, it would not be feasible. Thus, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Trash Separation Bin model that can reduce the cost of trash separation work has been proposed in this paper. The three efficient designs that respectively use a sensor, image processing, or spectroscope technology are presented. These IoT-based designs can bring significant merit to reducing the manpower costs, as well as the administrative cost involved.

scholarly journals Gambaran Program Kotaku ( Kota Tanpa Kumuh ) Kota Semarang Tahun 2019 (Studi Evaluasi Kebijakan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Government ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Slum Settlements

Management of housing and slum settlements is carried out in various forms of service and facilitation as follows: (1) fulfillment of decent and affordable housing needs through housing loans / subsidized housing loans and self-help housing development; (2) improving the quality of the settlement environment through the assistance of basic housing infrastructure and facilities, providing clean water facilities in water-prone settlements, structuring and rehabilitating slum settlements, empowering communities in the framework of strengthening economic capacity and improving social life; (3) institutionalizing a system for implementing housing and settlement development by involving the community as the main actor. Given the limited capacity of the government through the APBN and APBD in handling housing and slum settlements, the government took the decision to carry out handling of housing and slum settlements through the City Without Slum Program (KOTAKU). The implementation of the Tridaya approach in the KOTAKU program city of Semarang includes: (1) empowering local governments and communities through capacity building in the form of training and mentoring; (2) utilization of environmental facilities by improving the quality of the settlement environment through the procurement and repair of primary basic infrastructure and facilities as well as repair of unsuitable houses; and (3) community economic empowerment which is carried out through channeling with other programs in the field of Public Works and various activities carried out in the regions. To get a comprehensive picture of the program, researchers need to evaluate the policies of the Semarang City KOTAKU (City Without Slums) program in 2019. Keywords: KOTAKU (City Without Slums), Government Capacity, Policy Evaluation.

scholarly journals PELEMBAGAAN REFORMASI BIROKRASI DALAM KONTEKS PELAKSANAAN UU APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

NATAPRAJA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanuardi Yanuardi ◽  
Utami Dewi ◽  
Marita Ahdiyana
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
District Government ◽  
Habituation Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform ◽  
Research Show

This research aims to reveal the institutionalization of bureaucratic reformation in Sleman Regency after the implementation of UU ASN. Moreover, the objective of this study is to identify the potential and inhibited factors of bureaucratic reformation in Sleman Regency. The research method of this research is descriptive by employing qualitative approach. The result of this research show that the institutionalization of bureaucratic reform after the implementation of the Act ASN in Sleman have run, and continued with a change agenda. This is evidenced by the habituation process that has been seen from the implementation of the rules and a new culture in Sleman District Government. The main obstacle was the culture of the old bureaucracy, which asked to be served, causing bureaucratic reform objectives have not been achieved optimally. In addition, the Government of Sleman regency, like other local governments in Indonesia, had to wait for the policy directives from the central government due to frequent policy changes at the central level.Keywords: Institutionalization, Bureaucratic Reformation, UU ASN

Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Saiful Kholik ◽  
Imas Khaeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

JUSTICE AND SOCIAL CHANGE FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND ASEAN FOR DISABLED PERSONS (STUDY ON PEOPLE AFFECTED BY LEPROSY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nuah Perdamenta Tarigan ◽  
Christian Siregar ◽  
Simon Mangatur Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The People ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right

Justice that has not existed and is apparent among the disabilities in Indonesia is very large and spread in the archipelago is very large, making the issue of equality is a very important thing especially with the publication of the Disability Act No. 8 of 2016 at the beginning of that year. Only a few provinces that understand properly and well on open and potential issues and issues will affect other areas including the increasingly growing number of elderly people in Indonesia due to the increasing welfare of the people. The government of DKI Jakarta, including the most concerned with disability, from the beginning has set a bold step to defend things related to disability, including local governments in Solo, Bali, Makassar and several other areas. Leprosy belonging to the disability community has a very tough marginalization, the disability that arises from leprosy quite a lot, reaches ten percent more and covers the poor areas of Indonesia, such as Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, South Sulawesi Provinces and even East Java and West Java and Central Java Provinces. If we compare again with the ASEAN countries we also do not miss the moment in ratifying the CRPD (Convention of Rights for People with Disability) into the Law of Disability No. 8 of 2016 which, although already published but still get rejections in some sections because do not provide proper empowerment and rights equality. The struggle is long and must be continued to build equal rights in all areas, not only health and welfare but also in the right of the right to receive continuous inclusive education.

scholarly journals Corporate Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Effects of the Media versus the Approach of Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Zhiru Guo ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article selects the listed companies in China’s A-share heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2018 as samples, uses a random effect model to empirically test the relationship between media attention and corporate environmental performance and examines the impacts of local government environmental protection and property nature on that relationship. Results are as follow: (1) Media attention can significantly affect a company’s environmental performance. The higher the media attention, the greater the company’s supervision and the better its environmental performance. (2) In areas where the government pays less attention to environmental protection, the impact of media on corporate environmental performance is more obvious, but in other areas, the impact of media on environmental performance cannot be reflected; (3) The media attention is very significant for the environmental performance improvement of state-owned enterprises, and it is not obvious in non-state-owned enterprises. (4) A further breakdown of the study found that the role of media attention in corporate environmental performance is only significant in the sample of local governments that have low environmental protection and are state-owned enterprises. This research incorporates the local government’s emphasis on environmental protection into the research field of vision, expands the research scope of media and corporate environmental performance, and also provides new clues and evidence for promoting the active fulfillment of environmental protection responsibilities by companies and local governments.

scholarly journals The Convergence of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Per Capita in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Zhang ◽  
Deng-Kui Si ◽  
Bing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies

As the third-largest SO2 emitter in the world, China is facing mounting domestic and external pressure to tackle the increasingly serious SO2 pollution. Figuring out the convergence and persistence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions matters much for environmental policymakers in China. This study mainly utilizes the Fourier quantile unit root test to survey the convergence of the SO2 emissions per capita in 74 cities of China during the period of December 2014 to June 2019, by conducting five traditional unit root tests and a quantile root unit test as a comparative analysis. The empirical results indicate that the SO2 emissions per capita in 72 out of 74 cities in China are convergent in the sample period. The results also suggest that the unit root behavior of the SO2 emissions per capita in these cities is asymmetrically persistent at different quantiles. For the cities with the convergent SO2 emissions, the government should consider the asymmetric mean-reverting pattern of SO2 emissions when implementing environmental protection policies at different stages. For Hefei and Nanjing, the local governments need to enact stricter environmental protection policies to control the emission of sulfur dioxide.

China’s Science and Technology Progress through the Lens of Patenting

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Gary H. Jefferson ◽  
Renai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Patent Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Sector ◽  
Role Of The Government

This chapter assesses China’s science and technology (S&T) progress through the lens of the patenting literature in the context of China. In particular, after presenting an overview of China’s patent production over the past twenty-five years, it investigates the following questions: What accounts for China’s patent surge? What are the implications of the surge for patent quality? Does the nature of the patenting reveal China’s S&T direction and comparative advantage? How has the international sector affected China’s patent production? What has been the role of the government—the central, provincial, and local governments—in shaping patent production? And finally, how heterogeneous is China’s regional patent production; are patenting capabilities diffusing across China?

Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Internal Pemerintah Terhadap Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Mattoasi Mattoasi ◽  
Didiet Pratama Musue ◽  
Yaman Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
The Government

PThis study aims to determine the effect of the internal control system on the performance of local government Case Study in Gorontalo Regency. This study uses quantitative research methods, and the data sources use primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to respondents. Meanwhile, the data analysis used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis using statistical t-test and coefficient of determination test (ajusted R-Square). The results showed that the internal control system had a positive effect on the performance of local governments with a determinant value of 48.7%. The result of this study contribute to the government to establish and implement a more effectives Internal Constrol Systems (ICS).  

Civil–Military Relations and Russia’s Post-Soviet Military Culture: A Belief System Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2110629
Author(s):  
Kirill Shamiev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Culture ◽  
Institutional Autonomy ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military

This article studies the role of military culture in defense policymaking. It focuses on Russia’s post-Soviet civil–military relations and military reform attempts. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia’s armed forces were in a state of despair. Despite having relative institutional autonomy, the military neither made itself more effective before minister Serdyukov nor tried to overthrow the government. The paper uses the advocacy coalition framework’s belief system approach to analyze data from military memoirs, parliamentary speeches, and 15 interviews. The research shows that the military’s support for institutional autonomy, combined with its elites’ self-serving bias, critically contributed to what I term an “imperfect equilibrium” in Russian civil–military relations: the military could not reform itself and fought back against radical, though necessary, changes imposed by civilian leadership.

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