Variability in mothers’ support for preschoolers’ contributions to co-constructed narratives as a function of child age

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Zevenbergen ◽  
Ashley Holmes ◽  
Ewa Haman ◽  
Nichole Whiteford ◽  
Shelly Thielges
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Parental Sensitivity ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Task Assistance ◽  
Information Requests ◽  
Child Age

Children’s narrative abilities in the preschool years have been found to predict their later literacy skills. Mothers’ verbalizations during shared personal narratives with their preschoolers have been shown to facilitate children’s development of narrative skills. The present study sought to extend the literature by investigating mothers’ use of two types of questions (information requests, ‘yes/no’ questions) and two types of confirmation (praise, repetition of child content) when discussing past events with their preschoolers, as a function of child age and gender. Study participants were 32 American mothers and their preschoolers, who were either 3 years of age or 5 years of age. Mother–preschooler dyads were audiotaped discussing three past events which they had shared. Results indicated that mothers provided significantly more information requests and repetition of child content when co-constructing narratives with 3-year-olds than with 5-year-olds. Overall, the results are consistent with the literature regarding parental sensitivity to children’s specific needs for task assistance in the early childhood period.

Personal narrative skills of Urdu speaking preschoolers

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saboor Zafar Hamdani ◽  
Tehreem Arshad ◽  
Sharmeen Aslam Tarar ◽  
Rukhsana Kausar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

Abstract The present study aimed to explore the personal narrative skills of Urdu speaking preschoolers, aged between 4 and 5 years. The study also aimed to investigate the gender differences in narrative skills, and relationship and the predictive association between macro- and microstructure skills. A total of 80 preschoolers were recruited using two-stage sampling (convenience and purposive). After screening the participants for intellectual functioning, three personal narratives were collected from each participant. The results revealed non-significant differences on the basis of age and gender. A significant correlation was found between the macro- and microstructure skills in children. NDW (number of different words), TNW (total number of words), and MLU (mean length of utterance) were revealed as significant predictors of macrostructural competencies in children. This was the first research that highlighted the narrative skills of Urdu speaking preschoolers. Hence, the patterns identified might help in extending the theory and research in this field.

Reading with Angels: Improving Literacy among Children in Foster Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Knight
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Literacy Outcomes ◽  
Children In Foster Care ◽  
Love Of Learning ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Children's Literacy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Children In Care

The Pyjama Foundation is an Australian charity working to improve the literacy and numeracy outcomes for children in foster care. The foundation delivers the Pyjama Foundation Love of Learning programme, a learning-based mentoring programme in which volunteer ‘Pyjama Angels’ visit children in care each week to read books, play games and engage in other learning-based activities.This study surveyed 121 Love of Learning mentors (‘Pyjama Angels’) to assess their perceptions of the relationships they had developed with the children they mentored and of the children's improvement in their literacy skills, a key aim of the programme.The statistical data analysis based on the structural equation modelling and multiple regression approach showed that several factors had a statistically significant impact on the mentors’ perceptions of the children's improvement in literacy skills: relationship with the child, child's engagement and tenure in the programme, and frequency of meetings. Age and gender of the mentors were not found to have a statistically significant impact on mentors’ perceptions of this improvement, while mentors’ perceptions of their relationship with the children was the most important factor influencing their perceptions of improvement in literacy skills. The study did not include objective measures of the children's literacy outcomes, so its results are limited to the mentors’ perceptions. However, this study offers valuable insights for mentoring programmes working with children living in foster care.

Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma With Respect to Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3198-3199
Author(s):  
Pervez Muhammad ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
Akhtar Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Aim: Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with respect to age and gender Study design: Observational / cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore and Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from July, 2013 to February, 2015 Methodology: Surgical specimens of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Age and sex were evaluated in CRC. Results: The mean±sd of age was 54.4±19.7 yrs. Out of 60 cases, 6 (10%) were between 16-29 yrs, 9 (15%) cases were between 30-49 yrs, 34 cases (56.7%) were of 50-69 yrs and 11 cases (18.33%) were of 70 yrs. Out of sixty cases, males were 33 (55%) and females were 27(45%). Conclusion: There are 34 out of 60(56.7%) patients were 50-69 years and 33 out of 60 (55%) cases were males i.e. males dominance. Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry, gender

scholarly journals The influence of role models on trans men's identity development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennah Strathausen
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Trans Men ◽  
And Gender

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals face significant stigma and discrimination stemming from negative societal attitudes toward their experienced gender incongruence. Much of the LGBTQ literature on TGNC health disparities and gender minority stress focuses on the influence of overt acts of violence and oppression, often leaving more subtle and ubiquitous stressors, like invisibility, unexplored. In addition, there is a limited amount of literature on the experiences of transgender men, particularly those residing in the central U.S. Research suggests that the influence of positive role models can mitigate many of the stressors experienced by TGNC people. This study aimed to explore the influence of role models on trans men's identity development. Using Photovoice Methodology situated in Community-Based Participatory Research, this project collaboratively explored the needs, assets, and concerns of trans men living in Mid-Missouri. Twelve participants (MdnAge = 31.5 years-old) and the researchers separately grouped the participant-generated photographs and personal narratives into eight themes, including Authenticity, Acceptance, Inaccessibility, Isolation, and "Trans Enough?" Results supported the idea that access to positive role models serves as a protective factor for TGNC people. Results additionally highlight that trans men possess significant characteristics of resilience. Several implications for practice, public policy, and future research are provided.

scholarly journals Study of Consumer Awareness on Food Labelling and Use of Pack Information for Purchase of Pre-Packaged Food Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samit Dutta ◽  
Deval Patel
Keyword(s):  
Informed Choice ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Labelling Information ◽  
Packaged Foods ◽  
Prepackaged Foods ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
Study Participants

Purpose – Liberalization of trade, globalization and development in food science and technology has resulted in an increase in trade and consumption of pre-packaged foods. Reading food labelling information is important to assist in making informed choices of food. This study determined level of awareness on pre-packaged food labelling information among consumers in Anand city of Gujarat, India, their perception on the importance of such information and various factors influencing in reading and using food labels. Design/methodology/approach – A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information from consumers who were found purchasing prepackaged foods in selected modern format retail stores. The obtained data were computed to determine relationships and associations between various factors and the use of food labelling information among consumers in the area of study. Findings – Study revealed that 86.7 per cent of the study participants reported to read labeling information prior purchase of pre-packaged foods. However, only a third of respondents were very much informed about food labelling and computed awareness scores. It was observed that level of education and gender difference had statistically significant association with awareness scores and perception of importance of food labelling. 83.3 per cent of respondents mentioned price of food as the factor for motivating them to read food label before purchase of the food item. Practical implications – Deliberate efforts may be needed to improve food labelling, provide education to consumers to raise their awareness on importance of reading and use of food labelling information to make an informed choice of the food. Originality/value – Determines level of awareness about labelling information among consumers of pre-packaged food products.

Nadine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signithia Fordham
Keyword(s):  
Gender Issues ◽  
White Girl ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Response ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

The third chapter follows the ethnographical narrative of one of the girls of the study, Nadine. Specifically, it examines the role of language in class and racialized intra-/inter gender issues between and among the Black, White and biracial study participants and their unending quest for status and normalcy. This is done by chronicling how a Black girl’s physical response to being called two of the vilest racial and gender terms—the n-word and the b-word—in the same sentence lead immediately to a 5-day suspension, while the White girl who uttered the words was deemed blameless in the conflict.

scholarly journals Copeptin levels in patients with coronary artery ectasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Ozkan Yavcin ◽  
Lutfu Askin ◽  
Ozlem Seçen ◽  
Serdar Turkmen ◽  
Erdal Akturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Coronary Artery Ectasia ◽  
Coronary Anatomy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Catheter Laboratory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Background and aims The etiology and pathophysiology of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) has not been fully elucidated. A rapid rise in plasma copeptin has been observed in cardiovascular diseases, stroke, sepsis, and shock. This increase has diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of this study was to investigate whether copeptin has a relationship with CAE. Methods This observational prospective study was carried out between October 2012 and March 2013 in the cardiology catheter laboratory with the inclusion of 44 subjects with a diagnosis of CAE and 44 age- and gender-matched individuals with normal coronary arteries. Blood samples obtained from the patients were stored at −70 °C until analysis and copeptin levels in sera were measured by ELISA. Results This study comprised 88 study participants, among whom 44 were patients meeting ectasia criteria [mean age: 58.0 ± 11.5 years; 59% (n = 26) male], and 44 were control subjects with angiographically normal coronary anatomy [mean age: 49.2 ± 10.1 years; 30% (n = 13) male]. Copeptin levels were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). In addition, there was no correlation between copeptin levels and CAE. Conclusion In this study, it is examined that copeptin levels were not elevated in CAE patients.

Actual and perceived patient health literacy: How accurate are residents’ predictions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laci L Zawilinski ◽  
Heather Kirkpatrick ◽  
Barbara Pawlaczyk ◽  
Himabindu Yarlagadda
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Health literacy has repeatedly been shown to be associated with a multitude of negative health outcomes. Previous research has shown that patient health literacy levels are hard to predict by physicians and that assessment tools used to measure health literacy may be outdated or lacking. The purpose of this study is to replicate and extend the findings of previous research by examining residents’ ability to predict health literacy levels in patients and to use a newer validated measure of health literacy. A total of 38 patient encounters were included in this study. Patients were administered the Health Literacy Skills Instrument-Short Form to assess health literacy levels. Twenty resident physicians conducted visits with study participants and were asked to predict the health literacy of their patients. Results indicated that, consistent with previous research, residents’ predictions of patient health literacy were not consistent with patient health literacy levels as measured by the Health Literacy Skills Instrument-Short Form. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein M Serum Levels Correlate with IgA Vasculitis and IgA Vasculitis Nephritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jiali Wu ◽  
Lagu He ◽  
Le Bai ◽  
Li Tan ◽  
Min Hu
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Independent Predictive Factor ◽  
Apolipoprotein M ◽  
Biochemical Analyzer ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Objective. IgA vasculitis (lgAV) is the most frequent vessel vasculitis in children, and the prognosis is related to the children’s age and degree of nephritis. This study is aimed at investigating serum apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels in patients with lgAV patients and at evaluating the association between apoM and disease severity. Methods. A total of 109 lgAV patients and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The age and gender of the study participants were matched. ApoM levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the serum levels of lipids, apolipoproteins, kidney biochemical profiles, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE), and the complements (C3 and C4) were assessed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Results. ApoM was increased significantly in lgAV patients compared to healthy controls. ApoM, meanwhile, was lower in patients with nephritis than in those without nephritis. The apoM levels were higher in classes I and II IgA vasculitis nephritis (lgAVN) patients than in classes III and IV. Besides, the apoM serum level<24.81 mg/L was an independent predictive factor for lgAVN and can be independently associated with the presence of nephritis in lgAV patients. Meanwhile, the serum apoM concentration negatively correlated with the ISKDC grading score in lgAVN patients. Conclusions. Serum apoM was elevated in lgAV patients and decreased gradually with the ISKDC grading score. ApoM (OR=0.32, 95%CI=0.12‐0.85, p=0.023) was identified as a protective factor for nephritis in all lgAV patients.

Literacy Skills and Earnings: Race and Gender Differences

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto M. De Anda ◽  
Pedro M. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
White Men ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Literacy Skill ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Document Literacy

This study examines differences in returns to literacy skills on earnings of black and white men and women. Literacy skill is a composite measure of three scales: reading comprehension, document literacy (the ability to locate and use information in, say, tables and graphs), and mathematics proficiency. Using data from the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS), we estimate earnings determination models separately for each racial/gender group. Our findings show that the effect of literacy on earnings varies by race and gender. Literacy skills favorably rewarded black men relative to black women and white men and women, net of education and other relevant variables. More importantly, literacy completely explained the effect of a high school diploma and some college on earnings of black men. We conclude that the economic importance of literacy skills is particularly salient for less-educated black men.

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