An Exploratory Study of General Self-Efficacy and Employment in Adults with Retinitis Pigmentosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Mercedes A. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Age ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Introduction: In this study, the author examined the association between general self-efficacy (GSE) and employment status in working-age adults with retinitis pigmentosa (RP; N = 183). The author further examined the associations between employment status and factors that were previously found to be linked to employment outcomes in individuals with visual impairments: educational attainment, mobility tool use (i.e., use of dog guide or cane), ability to drive, age, gender, and age at onset of visual impairment. Methods: Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze cross-sectional data collected online in 2015. Results: Findings indicated that individuals with RP who have a bachelor’s degree or higher had significantly higher odds of being employed ( p < .01) and that individuals with RP who use a cane or dog guide had significantly lower odds of being employed ( p < .01). Although not statistically significant, findings further indicated that individuals with RP who have higher GSE had higher odds of being employed ( p = .07) and that individuals who are able to drive had 130% higher odds of being employed ( p = .06). Discussion: Results demonstrated an association between GSE and employment status, after controlling for factors that were previously linked to employment outcomes in individuals with visual impairment. Implications for practitioners: Self-efficacy is an alterable cognitive construct and may be the target of interventions to increase employment outcomes for adults with RP or other eye conditions.

scholarly journals General self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment compared with the general population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254043
Author(s):  
Audun Brunes ◽  
Marianne B. Hansen ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background Knowledge about self-efficacy and its significance for the quality of life of people with visual impairment is lacking. The aims of the study were to compare general self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment with the general population, and to investigate the association between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Methods A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in a probability sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of vision loss, general self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale), and life satisfaction (Cantril’s Ladder of Life Satisfaction). We obtained norm data from a representative survey of the general Norwegian population (N = 1792; mean age 53.2 years; 52.5% females). Results People with visual impairment had higher levels of general self-efficacy than people in the general population (Mean: 31.5 versus 29.0, p < .001). Results from linear regression analyses of the visual impairment population showed that higher education and residential in an urban municipality were associated with higher self-efficacy. Having additional impairments and a previous history of physical or sexual assaults were associated with lower self-efficacy. A linear dose-response relationship was found between self-efficacy and life satisfaction, in the visual impairment population as well as in the general population. Conclusions People with visual impairment have higher self-efficacy than people in the general population, possibly due to extensive mastery experience in how to handle life as visually impaired. Self-efficacy seems to be important in achieving the best possible life.

scholarly journals Occupational Self-Efficacy and Psychological Capital Amongst Nursing Students: A Cross Sectional Study Understanding the Malleable Attributes for Success

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Daniel Terry ◽  
Blake Peck ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Hoang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Nursing Career ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

With a predicted shortfall in the worldwide nursing workforce, efforts to understand attributes that influence attrition and workforce longevity remain fundamental. Self-efficacy and the broader construct of psychological capital have been linked to positive workplace-based attributes in occupations. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between general self-efficacy, occupational (nursing) self-efficacy, and psychological capital and their predictive factors among nursing students. A cross sectional design was used to address the aims of the study where all nursing students studying a three-year bachelor’s degree were invited to complete a questionnaire examining traits that might assist in the preparation for, and longevity in, a nursing career. Although the participating nursing students demonstrated high levels of general self-efficacy, their reported levels of nursing-specific self-efficacy were significantly lower. Psychological capital measures indicated that students had high levels of belief, hope, and resilience concerning their capacity to commit to and achieve goals, succeed now and into the future, and overcome obstacles. The findings suggest an opportunity exists for education providers to nurture the malleable aspects of self-efficacy and psychological capital, while developing greater capacity to bounce back and overcome the challenges that nursing students may encounter in their undergraduate academic training, and to reduce attrition as they prepare to enter the workplace.

Disability Affirmation Predicts Employment Among Adults With Visual Impairment and Blindness

2020 ◽  
pp. 003435522095710
Author(s):  
Mercedes A. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Disability Identity ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment

Empirical research on psychosocial correlates of employment among adults with visual impairment or blindness (VI) is limited, and previous studies involving psychological constructs have reported generally nonsignificant or mixed findings. Considering persistent disparities in employment outcomes faced by people with VI, further investigation is needed to understand the role of psychosocial factors in employment in this population. In the current study, stepwise logistic regression was used to explore the association between personal disability identity (i.e., disability affirmation and disability acceptance) and employment status in a sample of 180 working-age U.S. residents. Results indicated that employment status was predicted by higher disability affirmation ( p = .001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.21) in a model that included demographic and impairment-related variables that have previously been examined in employment among adults with VI. The exploratory model predicting employment also included higher educational attainment ( p < .001, OR = 6.03), self-reported visibility of disability ( p = .006, OR = 4.22), age ( p < .001, OR = 0.94), and use of mobility tool ( p < .001, OR = 0.05). The regression model yielded a pseudo R2 value of .32, indicating good fit. Important among these findings, the current study introduces disability affirmation, which involves disability pride and positive self-concept as a person with a disability, as a predictor of employment among working-age U.S. residents. Rehabilitation counselors may benefit from a consideration of the role of disability affirmation in consumer employment outcomes.

scholarly journals Characteristics of those most vulnerable to employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Wales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Gray ◽  
Richard G Kyle ◽  
Alisha R Davies
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe public health response to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a detrimental impact on employment and there are concerns the impact may be greatest amongst the most vulnerable. We examined the characteristics of those who experienced changes in employment status during the initial phase of the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of the working age population (18-64 years) in Wales in June 2020. A total of 1,382 adults responded (6.9% response rate). Employment outcomes between February and May/June 2020 were (i) no change in employment status, (ii) a change in employment, (iii) unemployment, and (iv) furlough. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, health status and employment outcomes.ResultsOf the working age population in paid employment in February 2020, 3.2% were unemployed and 32.0% had been placed on furlough by June 2020. Groups more likely to be placed on furlough included younger (18-39 years) and older (50-64 years) workers, people from more deprived areas, in lower skilled jobs, living with pre-existing health conditions and from households with less financial security. Groups in poorer health (not good general health, low mental wellbeing) and from households containing a child or with less financial security were more likely to experience unemployment.ConclusionA number of vulnerable population groups were observed to experience detrimental employment outcomes during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted support is needed to mitigate against both the direct impacts on employment, and indirect impacts on financial insecurity and health.

scholarly journals Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Ekenga ◽  
Eunsun Kwon ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
Sojung Park
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Cancer Survivors

Advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing population of female cancer survivors, many of whom are of working age. We examined the relationship between cancer and long-term (>5 years) employment outcomes in a nationally representative sample of working-age women in the United States. Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine employment status and weekly hours worked among cancer survivors (n = 483) and women without cancer (n = 6605). We used random slope regression models to estimate the impact of cancer and occupation type on employment outcomes. There was no difference in employment status between cancer survivors and women without cancer at baseline; however, during follow-up, cancer survivors were more likely to be employed than women without cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.58). Among 6–10-year survivors, professional workers were less likely (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.74) to be employed than manual workers. Among >10-year survivors, professional workers averaged fewer weekly hours worked (−2.4 h, 95% CI: −4.4–−0.47) than manual workers. The impact of cancer on long-term employment outcomes may differ by occupation type. Identifying the occupation-specific mechanisms associated with the return to work will be critical to developing targeted strategies to promote employment in the growing female cancer survivor population.

scholarly journals Mediators of Food Insecurity and Obesity in Female Heads-of-Household with Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emily Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background: The prevalence of obesity is a significant issue in the United States. Among vulnerable populations, obesity exists in the presence of household food insecurity; however the mechanisms of the relationship are not well understood. General perceived stress and general self-efficacy were evaluated as mediators of the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in female heads-of-household with children. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design with mediation model testing was used. Subjects (N = 86) were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Core Food Security Module (CFSM), the General Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (SES). Body mass index and waist –to-hip circumference were calculated from measured data. Results: Significant relationships were found between food insecurity and general perceived stress, general perceived stress and obesity, and general self-efficacy and obesity. Mediation models’ testing was not completed due the lack of a significant correlation between food insecurity and obesity. Post hoc analysis was completed using bootstrapping and a revised mediation model process. Conclusion: General perceived stress and general self-efficacy are associated with obesity in female heads-of-household with children who are food insecure. Keywords: Food insecurity, Obesity, Stress, Self-efficacy, Vulnerable populations, Quantitative research, Socioeconomic factors

scholarly journals The psychometric properties of a short version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale: A Rasch analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M S Steigen ◽  
H S F Finbråten ◽  
A L K Kleppang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
School Level ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Abstract Background Self-efficacy is important in adolescence and is found to affect adolescents’ physical activity, risk-taking behaviour and health decisions. Self-efficacy describes a person’s belief in own coping abilities. Having good measures of self-efficacy may contribute to more valid knowledge about the potential role of self-efficacy as a health promoting factor in adolescents lives. Several scales measuring self-efficacy exists. One of these is the General Self-Efficacy Scale comprising 10-items. However, there exists several short versions of the scale. In a large cross-sectional study among adolescents in secondary schools in Norway, five of the items from the General Self-Efficacy Scale are used. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of this short version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale applying Rasch measurement theory. Methods This study is based on cross-sectional data from the Youth Data Survey. The data collection was carried out in lower and upper secondary schools in Norway during 2018. In total, 6646 adolescents responded to a web-based questionnaire. The data were analysed using the partial credit parameterization of the unidimensional Rasch model. Results Preliminary results indicated that the short version had acceptable reliability (person separation index: 0.78). However, the targeting could have been better (mean person location: 1.441). All items had ordered thresholds. One under-discriminating item and three over-discriminating items were identified. Three items displayed differential item functioning with regard to gender and one item displayed differential item functioning for school level. Conclusions Based on our preliminary findings this short version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale has the potential to measure self-efficacy among adolescents, but there are room for improvements. The scale has some shortcomings related to targeting and differential item functioning that needs to be further explored. Key messages The short version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale has the potential to measure self-efficacy in adolescents. The scale has some shortcomings that needs to be further judged.

scholarly journals Infant Feeding Practices and Analysis Of Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenny Artanty Nisman ◽  
Dea Aryas ◽  
Evi Ratnasari ◽  
Melinda Widya ◽  
Nevira Yonanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p>The coverage rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still low despite its ability to affect a baby's health status and ability to survive. In 2017, only 35.73% of babies in Indonesia received exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. This study aims to determine infant feeding practices and identify the factors that influence the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Yogyakarta. This is a descriptive analysis study with a cross-sectional approach. The instruments that have been used in this study were the demographic data questionnaire, the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) questionnaire, and the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) questionnaire. A total of 421 mothers were involved in this study and the research was conducted between June 2019 to April 2020 in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Correlation data analysis was performed using chi-square and point biserial correlation and the multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Infant feeding practice was high with 82.4% of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding. It was found that employment status, knowledge, mothers’ attitudes, and self-efficacy about breastfeeding have significant correlations with exclusive breastfeeding. Employment status, knowledge, mothers’ attitudes, and self-efficacy about breastfeeding are factors that can encourage exclusive breastfeeding. <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Psychological preparedness for pandemic (COVID-19) management: Perceptions of nurses and nursing students in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailaxmi Gandhi ◽  
Maya Sahu ◽  
Radhakrishnan Govindan ◽  
Prasanthi Nattala ◽  
Paulomi M Sudhir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurse Administrators ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
And Coping ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Introduction: The growing COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great threat to millions of people worldwide. Nurses and nursing students are an important group of health professionals who are most likely to face many challenges in this unprecedented scenario. The present study aimed at exploring the perception of nurses and nursing students regarding psychological preparedness for the pandemic (COVID-19) management. Materials & Methods: The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional online survey research design. Purposive sampling was used with an attempt to represent the entire nurses (i.e. nursing officers, nurse administrators and nursing teachers) and nursing students group of India. The survey link was shared to their email ID and they were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale (PPDTS)-Modified, General Self Efficacy (GSE) Scale, Optimism Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRS). Totally 685 responses were received and 676 forms were completed which were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24). Results: The mean age of the subjects was 31.72 (SD=9.58) years. Around 20% of the subjects previously had some kind of psychological training and 4% of the subjects had taken care of persons with COVID-19. Findings revealed that mean score for PPDTS, GSE, BRCS and Optimism was 73.44 (SD=10.82, 33.19 (SD=5.23), 16.79 (SD=2.73) and 9.61 (SD=2.26) respectively indicating that the subjects had moderate level of psychological preparedness, self-efficacy and resilience but higher level of optimism. Psychological preparedness, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience were positively correlated to each other. Self- efficacy, optimism, and resilience emerged as predictors of psychological preparedness. Conclusion: The findings suggested that self-efficacy, optimism and resilience can be considered as predictors for psychological preparedness in pandemic management. Appropriate training could influence self-efficacy while programs addressing resilience and coping may strengthen psychological preparedness which can help in further management of ongoing pandemic.

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