A Generalized Hermite Pyramid for Ultrasonic Image Analysis II. Gallstones

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-327
Author(s):  
Y. V. Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultrasonic Imaging ◽  
Decomposition Technique ◽  
Human Gallbladder ◽  
Ultrasonic Image ◽  
Ultrasonic Images

This paper deals with the problem of extracting information regarding the chemical composition of stones in the human gallbladder from in vitro and in vivo B-scan ultrasonic images. The images are subjected to the Hermite pyramid decomposition technique described in Part I (Venkatesh, Y. V., Ultrasonic Imaging, 18, 261–304, 1996). In an attempt to determine the chemical composition of the gallstones, the gradients of the decomposed images are input to an unsupervised classifier. The outputs of the classifier exhibit some interesting patterns that appear to be related to the chemical composition of the gallstones contained in these images.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

scholarly journals Machine learning-based classification of mitochondrial morphology in primary neurons and brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett M. Fogo ◽  
Anthony R. Anzell ◽  
Kathleen J. Maheras ◽  
Sarita Raghunayakula ◽  
Joseph M. Wider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Analysis Pipeline ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Block Face

AbstractThe mitochondrial network continually undergoes events of fission and fusion. Under physiologic conditions, the network is in equilibrium and is characterized by the presence of both elongated and punctate mitochondria. However, this balanced, homeostatic mitochondrial profile can change morphologic distribution in response to various stressors. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a method that robustly measures mitochondrial morphology with high accuracy. Here, we developed a semi-automated image analysis pipeline for the quantitation of mitochondrial morphology for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The image analysis pipeline was generated and validated utilizing images of primary cortical neurons from transgenic mice, allowing genetic ablation of key components of mitochondrial dynamics. This analysis pipeline was further extended to evaluate mitochondrial morphology in vivo through immunolabeling of brain sections as well as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. These data demonstrate a highly specific and sensitive method that accurately classifies distinct physiological and pathological mitochondrial morphologies. Furthermore, this workflow employs the use of readily available, free open-source software designed for high throughput image processing, segmentation, and analysis that is customizable to various biological models.

An Automated Technique for in Vitro Assessment of the Susceptibility of Urinary Catheter Materials to Encrustation

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Cox ◽  
D W L Hukins ◽  
K E Davies ◽  
J C Irlam ◽  
T M Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Reaction Vessel ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Infected Urine ◽  
Automated Technique

An automated technique has been developed for assessing the extent to which existing or potential materials for the construction of indwelling catheters become encrusted during exposure to infected urine. In this technique the enzyme urease is added to artificial urine containing albumin in a reaction vessel which contains the samples to be tested. Controlled replacement of reactants leads to appreciable formation of encrusting deposits which adhere firmly to the surface of the test samples. Deposits have the same chemical composition as those which encrust catheters in vivo.

Abstract 17071: Cell Communication Inference in Macrophages

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Taghdiri ◽  
Kevin R King ◽  
David Calcagno ◽  
Zhenxing Fu ◽  
Kenneth Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Calcium Indicator

Introduction: Tissue macrophages play diverse roles in the cardiovascular system during health and disease. They have diverse functions within tissues, but our understanding of their dynamics is limited because most macrophage characterization assays are destructive and have low temporal resolution. We asked whether these cells are dynamic and interconnected. Methods: Here, we describe experimental and analytical methods for measuring cell dynamics and inferring communication between cells in vitro and in vivo. We created a mouse (Csf1r-Cre x GCaMP5) expressing the Cre-inducible genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5 under the regulation of the innate immune promoter, Csf1r, to non-destructively quantify high-frequency cell dynamics and differentiated them in culture using m-CSF. We developed custom image analysis routines and parameterization strategies for classifying calcium responses. Results: Our studies revealed that calcium reporter BMDMs display minimal fluctuations at baseline but exhibit a dynamic response to immunogenic DNA sensing. DNA-induced isolated cell injury and death, which precipitated cell communication that spread with a velocity of [9μm/s], consistent with an extracellular diffusion mechanism. We developed quantitative image analysis methods that corrected for random calcium fluctuations and identified statistically significant areas of correlated calcium changes suggestive of communication. An analytical pipeline enabled quantification of calcium spike dynamics and correlations of dynamic calcium profiles of single cell sharing a local microenvironment. This resulted in an “improbable synchrony” metric that allowed localization of communication in time and space. We adapted the pipeline for in vivo studies and tested them in a dorsal window chamber model using intravital microscopy. At 2Hz sampling frequency, we identified 27 potential communication events as they responded to complex microenvironmental cues in vivo. Conclusion: The experimental and analytical methods for inferring cell communication provide a new quantitative toolkit for investigating known as-yet undiscovered cell communication pathways.

A Generalized Hermite Pyramid for Ultrasonic Image Analysis I. Kidney and Liver

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Ultrasonic Image ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Ultrasonic Images

Ultrasonic images of the kidney and of the liver are subjected to a multiscale analysis in a generalized Hermite pyramid framework. The gradient images of the multiscale decompositions of the images of healthy and sick kidneys, and of the intraoperative and conventionally imaged livers, exhibit differences, in the structures of gray level regions, which can be interpreted by a medical doctor. These are used as inputs to an unsupervised classifier to automatically classify the images into homogeneous groups, which are found, in the case of the ultrasonic images examined, to correspond to the different physical characteristics of tissues of the organs under study. The main contribution of the paper is believed to be the multiscale tissue characterization along with its display in a manner that has utility as a diagnostic aid to the clinician.

Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on the human gallbladder both in vivo and in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toku Takahashi ◽  
Takehira Yamamura ◽  
Yoshio Ishikawa ◽  
Masaru Kantoh ◽  
Joji Utsunomiya
Keyword(s):  
Human Gallbladder ◽  
Cholecystokinin Octapeptide

Characterization of a new blackberry cultivar BRS Xingu: Chemical composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 126783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora P. Moraes ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
Marina L. Machado ◽  
Márcia Vizzotto ◽  
Micheli Lazzaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity

scholarly journals Fruit Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Sustainable Production of High Value-Added Ingredients from By-Products within Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis ◽  
Moura ◽  
Kabbas Junior ◽  
Pap ◽  
Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained.

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of nine plant species from Semnan rangeland for camel in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 233-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Towhidi ◽  
Farnoush Rostami ◽  
Reza Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Arid Rangelands

In Iran, Javan (2001) has reported the digestibility some arid rangelands plants by bovine rumen liquor. The determination of in vivo digestibility of wheat straw implies that camel apparently digested poor quality roughages more than cattle and sheep (Cianci et al., 2004). Therefore, It is required to measure the in vitro digestibility of herbages by camel rumen liquor. In province of yazd, nutritive value of 11 different plant species for camel were determined (Towhidi, 2007). The objectives of the current study were to determine 1) the chemical composition, gross energy of the most consuming plant species from rangeland of Semnan province including Seidlitzia rosmarinu, Tamarix tetragyna, Tamarix strica, Halostachys spp, Saudea fruticosa., Alhagi camelorum, Haloxylon ammondendron., Salsola arbescola, Hammada salicornica and, 2) in vitro digestibility of the plants by camel rumen liquor.

scholarly journals Prosopis Plant Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Attributes: Targeting Clinical Studies from Preclinical Evidence

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Farzad Kobarfard ◽  
Athar Ata ◽  
Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi ◽  
Nafiseh Khosravi-Dehaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Food Applications

Members of the Prosopis genus are native to America, Africa and Asia, and have long been used in traditional medicine. The Prosopis species most commonly used for medicinal purposes are P. africana, P. alba, P. cineraria, P. farcta, P. glandulosa, P. juliflora, P. nigra, P. ruscifolia and P. spicigera, which are highly effective in asthma, birth/postpartum pains, callouses, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea, expectorant, fever, flu, lactation, liver infection, malaria, otitis, pains, pediculosis, rheumatism, scabies, skin inflammations, spasm, stomach ache, bladder and pancreas stone removal. Flour, syrup, and beverages from Prosopis pods have also been potentially used for foods and food supplement formulation in many regions of the world. In addition, various in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed interesting antiplasmodial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing effects. The phytochemical composition of Prosopis plants, namely their content of C-glycosyl flavones (such as schaftoside, isoschaftoside, vicenin II, vitexin and isovitexin) has been increasingly correlated with the observed biological effects. Thus, given the literature reports, Prosopis plants have positive impact on the human diet and general health. In this sense, the present review provides an in-depth overview of the literature data regarding Prosopis plants’ chemical composition, pharmacological and food applications, covering from pre-clinical data to upcoming clinical studies.

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