Gender Roles in Marriage and the Family

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN ATKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

Gender role issues permeate nearly all aspects of marital and family life, and understanding the ways that women and men and girls and boys are different and similar will heighten our understanding of marriage and family relationships in general. Although theory and experience seem to insist that gender differences clearly exist, empirical evidence about similarities or differences—with few exceptions—is not so clear. In this article, I argue that these ambiguities can be traced in large part to conceptual and methodological issues, such as construct definitions, measurement techniques, and sampling, as well as inattention to the historical context. Throughout the article, I focus particularly on division of household labor to illustrate how attending more carefully to method, theory, and history can enlarge our understanding of how gender roles are played out in the family. In the last section of the article, I discuss ways in which gender role issues might be thought about and studied beyond the individual and the dyad to the family as a whole.

scholarly journals Normative models and trends in the development of intra-family relations in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Olga Donina ◽  
Alsu Salikhova ◽  
Irina Aryabkina ◽  
Margarita Kovardakova ◽  
Yulia Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Civil Marriage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
The Individual

The article notes that each culture has its own «normative» model of the family, characterized by its defining parameters. These parameters reflect different indicators – descriptors – as attributes that determine the corresponding value and behavior in society. The types of family relationships identified by humanitarian science are revealed. It is proved that in a retrospective of the historical development of mankind, the relationships not only of the family and society, but also of the family and the individual changed, which depended on many factors. The article analyzes the negative trends of marriage and family relations, it is noted that along with the form of actual (civil) marriage, there is a tendency to the appearance of a large number of other forms of marriage unions: guest, concubinate, open marriage, business marriage, fictitious, creative union, polygyny, group marriage, same-sex cohabitation, virtual marriage (web-marriage), etc. This trend leads to a change in the content of the phenomenon of marriage, the adoption of actual marriage as a social norm. It is noted that today the semantic attitudes of a person are deformed and the concepts of the purpose and values of life are distorted, there is a noticeable turn of mass consciousness from the collectivist values of the family to the individual values of the person, which to a certain extent disorganizes both family life and social relations. It is noted that according to the results of the study, the authors of this article developed an educational module "Modern Family" for students of a different professional fields.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Çuhadaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationships between university students and their perceptions of gender roles and epistemological beliefs were investigated. Gender roles are a phenomenon that are determined by culture, and begin to emerge at an early age, which may include some stereotypical behaviors along with a number of attitudes, duties and obligations that the individual is expected to perform as a woman or a man. Epistemological belief is seen as an individual feature of how knowing and learning take place. In this study, a mixed method was used. The quantitative study group consists of 517 students from both universities, while the qualitative study group consists of 85 people. Gender Role Attitudes Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In order to obtain qualitative data, participants were given a form consisting of open-ended questions. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the participants' epistemological beliefs and gender roles attitudes and, epistemological beliefs were a significant predictor of gender roles attitudes. The results obtained are discussed in line with the existing literature. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY OF CANDIDATES TO PARENTS IN SUBSTITUTE FAMILIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vishtalenko ◽  
◽  
Emma Andreasyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Life Path ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Most researchers of socialization processes agree that the primary socialization carried out in the family is crucial. The phenomenon of the family was considered in terms of psychological, sociological, anthropological, philosophical, biological and cultural approaches. Now the question of surrogacy is being studied in terms of the psychology of the life path of the individual; as manifestations of the meaning of life, will, responsibility; as a world of the subjective, where is always something more. Many scientists pay attention to the methodology, organization, functioning of foster families; the problems of lifestyle of orphan children in general, and in particular – in a professionally foster family. Scientists have considered the motivation of the adopted child into the family and some socio-psychological characteristics of parents. However, there are almost no studies of some individual-typological features that dysfunctionally affect family relationships, although these features may be the reason for the denial of the family's ability to be a substitute. The relevance of the study is due to the need of supplement the structural and semantic components of the psychological diagnosis of potential parents in foster families. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the Odessa Regional Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth, a territorial division of the Odessa Regional State Administration. In testing took a part about 30 applicants for foster parents. With the help of Individual-typological questionnaire LM Sobchyk (ITO) there was created an average statistical portrait of candidates for the role of parents in foster families. They are characterized by a high level of extraversion (48.6%); average level of rigidity (82.9%), aggression (54.3%), anxiety (82.9%), introversion (71.5%), lability (74.3%), sensitivity (62.9%), spontaneity (60%). All these qualities positively characterize all members of the sample and confirm their reliability as potential parents in foster families. These conclusions can be used by psychologists in the selection of candidates for the role of foster parents in foster families, as well as in psychological counseling.

Assessing Families (Not Just Individuals) for Missionary Service

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Gingrich
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Missionary Service ◽  
Mission Service ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

The assessment of missionaries tends to focus on the adult members of the family unit being approved for service. Yet, the family is the one consistent relational network that missionaries are connected to throughout the pre-field, on the field, and post-field phases of mission service. In addition, throughout the history of missions sending bodies have struggled to balance the needs of the missions context, the ministry gifts that the adult members of the family bring to the field, and the dynamics of their marital and family relationships. While the literature on missionary children has grown significantly, adopting a perspective that prioritizes the family unit as the unit being “sent” may result in helpful information regarding missionary attrition and longevity. Therefore, assessing missionary families, not only the individual members of the family, at the various stages of missionary service is warranted. Using concepts and techniques from systems theory, a model and logistical factors for assessing missionary families are presented, along with suggestions for whom to assess, what to assess, and how to conduct family assessment. Resources and possible assessment techniques are also provided.

Families on the Move: The Changing Role of Afghan Refugee Women in Iran

Hawwa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Hoodfar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Role

AbstractIn their attempts to "modernize" and bring about socio-economic change, Afghan governments have been preoccupied with restructuring the institutions of marriage and family, and women's role within them, since the 1880s. Serious commitment to introduce legal reform and democratize the family and gender roles cost King Amanullah his throne (1919–1929). From 1930 to 1976 the government attempted a gradual approach introducing reforms piecemeal which had little impact beyond the capital and major cities. After the coup d'état in 1973 and the installation of socialism, the regime introduced a new family decree (known as Number 7) in October 1978 and aggressively pursued women's education and the reform of family laws. This policy incensed the conservative communities and tribal societies, who rebelled against the government; the ensuing Russian occupation brought about the resistance movements and subsequent civil war that has wreaked havoc on Afghanistan for more than two decades. Many conservatives who had tried to resist the intended changes regarding family law and education for girls and "protect" their women, who represented the males honor, decided to leave the country with their families. More than six million Afghans moved to neighboring countries, mostly to Iran and Pakistan. Examining data collected among Afghan refugees in Iran from 1999 to 2002, this paper argues that, ironically, living in exile has brought about the very changes resistance to which had forced them into the refugee situation. Forced to cope with a crisis situation, they developed economic and social survival strategies that altered women's role. Moreover, that exposure to an Islamic society very different from their own brought about structural and ideological changes in the family and in gender roles which legal reforms in Afghanistan had failed to induce. Given the considerable size of the refugee population in Iran (but also in Pakistan and elsewhere) and the destruction of the old fabric(s) of Afghan society, this paper argues that these changes may be irreversible.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF F THE PROBLEM OF FAMILY AND F Y AND FAMILY VALUES IN "WOMEN'S UES IN "WOMEN'S PROSE» OF VIC PROSE» OF VICTORIA TOKAREVA AND ZULFI A AND ZULFIYA KUROLBO A KUROLBOY KIZI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Feruza Rashidovna Murtazaeva ◽  
◽  
Lola Rakhimovna Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Base Of The Pyramid ◽  
Inverted Pyramid ◽  
The Family ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The article is devoted to the understanding of family relationships in "women's prose". The material for studying the problem was the works of Victoria Tokareva and Zulfiya Kurolboy kizi, the study of this problem on the example of Russian and Uzbek "women's prose" allows us to deepen the understanding of the modern literary process, which notes that in the current world there has been a replacement of positions in the interaction of three different-level subjects: society, family and individual. The phenomenon of an inverted pyramid can be traced: if earlier it was based on an individual, and at the top – society, now they seem to have changed places – at the base of the pyramid was the society, and at the top-the individual. The family has retained its central position in this hierarchy, in the sense that it is both a channel for resolving contradictions between society and the individual. However, the emphasis has changed in the assessment of the importance of the family, there has been a re-evaluation of these models, which we observed, it seemed, quite recently, and those that are classified as alternative in modern conditions, the return of the family to the function of accumulating private property and passing it on by inheritance.

scholarly journals Prosperity of the Family - the Future of the World and the Church

Family Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Jindřich Šrajer
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

From a historical point of view, it can be argued that the cultivated arrangement of the relationship between man and woman, the support of the institution of marriage, and therefore families, have always been one of the important requirements of individual cultures and religions. There is also a close connection between the state of society (and the dominant requirements in it) and the form of personal and family life. In the Western cultural space with the decisive ecclesiastical discourse, the view of marriage and the family was not spared from one-sidedness and problematic practice. The current magisterium of the Catholic Church remains critical of some contemporary trends and phenomena, including the questioning of the very institution of marriage and the family. At the same time, it remains open to new challenges in this field.The article aims to critically reflect on some issues related to the current situation of marriage and the family, especially the individual and social ethical context of married and family life in contemporary Western culture.Using a reflection of the findings of selected authors, especially of sociologists (Lipovetsky, Beck), the article demonstrates the reality of problematic „points“ of the present time (marked by magisterial texts by Pope Francis) and their connection to married and family life. It thus verifies the thesis that the preconditions for marriage and the family are currently weakened in the Western area. This state of affairs include even the institutions that want to invoke the necessary personal and social responses to the problematic situation. Although the study does not capture the full range of issues and problems currently associated with marriage and the family, it does demonstrate that marital and family relationships in contemporary Western culture are conditioned by a number of factors. Those cannot be fully influenced by the individuals directly affected. The study points to the crucial role of politics, including its responsibility and to the exclusive role of the Church. The Church can, in many respects, increase respect for the institutions and bring a concrete help to the people.The result of the study is an emphasis on the fact that, in the current situation, it is not easy for individuals or families to maintain their own integrative values. It is not easy to withstand the pressures from the outside, to not succumb to the vision of success offered by the majority society. It is also problematic that the focus of politics is not predominantly on the family but, above all, on the immediate interests of the individual. Politics is irresponsibly undercutting itself in order to get into favor of individuals.The conclusion of the study confirms the validity of the magisterial belief that the prosperity of the family is crucial for the future of the world and the Church. Marriage and the family are natural communities that correspond to a person‘s anthropological setting. They allow him or her to find his or her own identity. They are a guarantee of the humanization of the person and society, a protection against deformations of the individualistic or collectivist type.

scholarly journals AGAMA DALAM PERFEKTIF MASYARAKAT MADANI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
AL BARRA SARBAINI
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

Religion is often considered to be static because they contain dogmatic doctrines and techings tend to invute discourse context towarrds worldly.as a result lose the historical context of religion, social and culture a society that in fct as adherents. Religion is understood that such criticism form various circles of scientists, philosophers and sociologists. Society is defined by a collection of many small or large individuals bound by a unit , customs, rites or typical law, and live togheter. There are few words in the qur’an using to  designate or set of human society. In modern society , individual positions member though still influenced b the family, but rather is determined by the values of the individual.

The Dominant Matriarch Syndrome

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (503) ◽  
pp. 1069-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Affected Child ◽  
Child Guidance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The Individual

This is a clearly recognizable complex of internal family relationships which lies behind, and is an integral part of, the illness presentation pattern of one or more of the individual family members. It may explain many of the emotional problems experienced by children which are noted by either the School Doctors or the Child Guidance Clinics. It is routine procedure in such cases to interview the mother of the affected child, but it is not the practice to see any older generation. Only the family doctor is in a position to see the three generation complex involved.

scholarly journals «HOW CAN I MARRY YOU WHEN I AM MARRIED?» DIVORCE IN PERM PROVINCE IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
V. V. Belosludtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Revolution

The article discusses the problems of divorce in the Perm province in the late 19th − early 20th centuries. The author describes the causes and dynamics of divorces, analyzes the divorce cases of representatives of the philistine estate in Perm and reveals the difficulties faced by spouses who wanted to end family relationships. In the 19th − early 20th centuries, matters of marriage and family were related to the church department, which by all means tried to limit divorces. It was assumed that marriages should be maintained throughout life and only death could separate the spouses. A formal divorce could be made by a formal spiritual court at the suit of one of the spouses in the presence of strictly regulated reasons, which were few. Although the process of divorce was as complicated as possible, the number of divorces was slowly but steadily growing. The process became especially noticeable after 1905. Divorce proceedings in the Perm province in the late 19th − early 20th centuries were largely similar to the processes taking place in the Russian Empire as a whole, but there were some features. In particular, in the province, the percentage of divorces due to adultery was slightly lower in the period after the revolution of 1905, but the percentage of divorces because of the reference to hard labor in Siberia and the unknown absence of one of the spouses was higher. Adultery was almost the only reason for divorce among Perm bourgeoisie; the rest were extremely rare and did not significantly affect the demographic parameters of the family.

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