Grandparent Caregiver Wellbeing: A Strengths-Based Approach Utilizing the Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110588
Author(s):  
Abigail T. Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Grandparent Caregiving ◽  
Support Research ◽  
Grandparent Caregiver

Grandparent caregivers experience a complex web of rewards and challenges as the primary source of support for their grandchildren. Consistent with the trend towards a more positive framing of grandparent caregiving, this paper explores the grandparent caregiver experience through a strengths-based approach and makes the case for Seligman's Wellbeing Theory, or PERMA model, being used to support research, programming, and policy. A scoping review of 16 current empirical articles relevant to grandparent caregiver wellbeing revealed the experience of grandparent caregivers aligns well with the five components of Seligman’s PERMA model: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Using this framework with grandparent caregivers, both in theory and in practice, can provide relevant stakeholders with a more comprehensive picture of the needs of this population, enabling them to more effectively support wellbeing for grandparent caregivers and positive developmental outcomes for the growing number of children in their care.

Adversity Interpreted: A Scoping Review of Adversity Appraisal Measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802098554
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gusler ◽  
Jessy Guler ◽  
Rachel Petrie ◽  
Heather Marshall ◽  
Daryl Cooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
The Future

Although evidence suggests that individuals’ appraisals (i.e., subjective interpretations) of adverse or traumatic life events may serve as a mechanism accounting for differences in adversity exposure and psychological adjustment, understanding this mechanism is contingent on our ability to reliably and consistently measure appraisals. However, measures have varied widely between studies, making conclusions about how best to measure appraisal a challenge for the field. To address this issue, the present study reviewed 88 articles from three research databases, assessing adults’ appraisals of adversity. To be included in the scoping review, articles had to meet the following criteria: (1) published no earlier than 1999, (2) available in English, (3) published as a primary source manuscript, and (4) included a measure assessing for adults’ (over the age of 18) subjective primary and/or secondary interpretations of adversity. Each article was thoroughly reviewed and coded based on the following information: study demographics, appraisal measurement tool(s), category of appraisal, appraisal dimensions (e.g., self-blame, impact, and threat), and the tool’s reliability and validity. Further, information was coded according to the type of adversity appraised, the time in which the appraised event occurred, and which outcomes were assessed in relation to appraisal. Results highlight the importance of continued examination of adversity appraisals and reveal which appraisal tools, categories, and dimensions are most commonly assessed for. These results provide guidance to researchers in how to examine adversity appraisals and what gaps among the measurement of adversity appraisal which need to be addressed in the future research.

Joy in the Workplace: A Scoping Review of Positive Emotion and Electroencephalogram

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1493-1497
Author(s):  
Yaqoub Yusuf ◽  
Jodi Boutte’ ◽  
Asante’ Lloyd ◽  
Emma Fortune ◽  
Renaldo C. Blocker
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Electrode Systems ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Occupational Settings

A workplace that is a conduit for positive emotions can be important to employees retention and can contribute optimal levels of productivity. Validated tools for examining emotions are primarily subjective and retrospective in nature. Recent advances in technology have led to more novel and passive ways of measuring emotions. Wearable sensors, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), are being explored to assess cognitive and physical burdens objectively and in real-time. Therefore, there exists a need to investigate and validate the use of EEG to examine emotions objectively and in real-time. In this paper, we conducted a scoping review of EEG to measure positive emotions and/or indicators of joy in the workplace. Our review results in 22 articles that employ EEG to study joy in occupational settings. Three major themes identified in the analysis include (1) EEG for symptoms detection and outcomes, (2) Populations studied using EEG, and (3) EEG electrode systems.

scholarly journals Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11788
Author(s):  
Haoyi Guo ◽  
Steven Sek-yum Ngai
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Informal Social Support ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Grandparent Caregiving ◽  
Formal Social Support

Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and formal social support’s mediation roles between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction, as well as investigating Hukou’s (household registration system) moderation effect. Our sample compromised 1013 grandparent caregivers (Migrant = 508, Local = 505) from 12 kindergartens with a multistage clustered random sampling from Eastern China. Migrant grandparent caregivers had significant lower informal social support (M = 4.000, L = 4.355, p < 0.001), formal social support (M = 1.787, L = 2.111, p < 0.001), and life satisfaction (M = 3.323, L = 3.574, p < 0.001) than local ones. Structural equation modeling results indicated that domestic generative acts positively associated with life satisfaction (b = 0.085, p < 0.05), informal (b = 0.223, p < 0.001) and formal social support (b = 0.080, p < 0.05); informal (b = 0.379, p < 0.001) and formal social support (b = 0.138, p < 0.001) positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, both informal (β = 0.084, CI [0.039, 0.101], p < 0.001) and formal social support (β = 0.011, CI [0.001, 0.018], p < 0.05) mediated the relationship between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction. Furthermore, Hukou status moderated the indirect path from domestic generative acts to life satisfaction via informal social support (p < 0.01), but not formal social support (p > 0.05). Migrant grandparent caregivers, with limited formal social support resources, were found to be more dependent on informal social support than locals. The findings revealed social support and wellbeing disparities among migrant and local grandparent caregivers in urban China. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.

Probiotic supplementation in well children: A scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Irwin ◽  
Deborah Davis ◽  
Marian Currie
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Probiotic supplements have been suggested as therapy for a range of health problems in children. This article aims to map the literature around probiotic use in well children, with a focus on prevalence. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthSource and SAGE, as well as Google and MedNar for grey literature, in July 2018. We followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and used the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to assess articles for quality. Seven studies including a total of 24,742 children were identified. The prevalence of probiotic use ranged from 4% to 51%. The most common predictors of use were parental probiotic use, and higher maternal education and income. Only one small study reported the strains of probiotics used. Neither the reasons for using probiotics, nor parental perceptions of efficacy were adequately explored. Most parents obtained their information about probiotics from the Internet or family members. Despite the number of children in the community reported to have used probiotics, there are few well-designed and/or well-reported studies of prevalence, and inadequate data concerning the strains of probiotics used, reasons for their use and their perceived efficacy.

Quality of care reported by proxies – Does resident cognition count?

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2543-2555
Author(s):  
Anja Kahanpää ◽  
Anja Noro ◽  
Marja-Leena Perälä
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Proxy Reports ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Care Information

Resident self-reports are considered the primary source of quality of care information, but proxy reports by family or staff can also be used to supplement or substitute resident reports. This study analyses how the results of proxy reports vary according to residents’ cognition level. The data set used covers proxy reports of family ( n = 558) and staff ( n = 801), divided by the availability of resident self-reports (family yes n = 289, no n = 269; staff yes 393, no = 408). Family and staff proxies assessed residents’ quality of care as better when resident self-reports were also available, and quality of care tended to be assessed as poorer among those with higher cognitive decline. The results of this methodological study indicate the importance of using several proxy evaluations; however, these can only supplement resident self-reports, not replace them. The interpretation rules acknowledging dependency between residents’ cognition and proxy assessments could be used as a basis for future comparisons of quality improvement in long-term care and for painting a more comprehensive picture of service quality.

Multimethod Assessment of Attention, Executive Functions, and Motor Skills in Children With and Without ADHD: Children’s Performance and Parents’ Perceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Bünger ◽  
Natalie Urfer-Maurer ◽  
Alexander Grob
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Parent Questionnaires ◽  
And Performance

Objective: We examined whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from children without ADHD in attention, executive functions, and motor skills and whether measures of parents’ perceptions and children’s performance reveal comparable results. Method: About 52 children with ADHD and 52 children without ADHD aged 6 to 13 years completed performance-based measures of attention, executive functions, and motor skills. Parents completed questionnaires to rate their children’s skills. Results: Parent questionnaires but not performance-based measures revealed higher inattention and lower executive function skills in children with ADHD compared to controls. For motor skills, both measurement methods revealed lower mean values and a higher number of children showing an impairment in the ADHD group. Parent-reported difficulties but not performance-based measures were related to the presence of an ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that considering both parent questionnaires and performance-based measures will lead to a comprehensive picture of a child’s strengths and difficulties.

scholarly journals Mapping the evidence about what works to safely reduce the entry of children and young people into statutory care: a systematic scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e026967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Brand ◽  
Fiona Morgan ◽  
Lorna Stabler ◽  
Alison Lesley Weightman ◽  
Simone Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
What Works ◽  
Intervention Point

IntroductionThe increasing number of children and young people entering statutory care in the UK is a significant social, health and educational priority. Development of effective approaches to safely reduce this number remains a complex but critical issue. Despite a proliferation in interventions, evidence summaries are limited. The present protocol outlines a scoping review of research evidence to identify what works in safely reducing the number of children and young people (aged ≤18 years) entering statutory social care. The mapping of evidence gaps, clusters and uncertainties will inform the research programme of the newly funded Department for Education’s What Works Centre for Children’s Social Care.Methods and analysisThe review uses Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. Electronic database and website searches will identify studies targeting reduction of care entry, reduction of care re-entry and increase in post-care reunification. Supplementary searching techniques will include international expert consultation. Abstracts and full-text studies will be independently screened by two reviewers. Ten per cent of data abstraction will be independently conducted by two reviewers, with the remainder being extracted and then verified by a second reviewer. Descriptive numerical summaries and a thematic qualitative synthesis will be generated. Evidence will be synthesised according to primary outcome, intervention point (mapped across socioecological domains) and the realist EMMIE categorisation of evidence type (Effectiveness; Mechanisms of change; Moderators; Implementation; Economic evaluation).Ethics and disseminationOutputs will be a conceptual evidence map, a descriptive table quantitatively summarising evidence and a qualitative narrative summary. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations, the What Works Centre website, and knowledge translation events with policy-makers and practitioners. Findings will inform the primary research programme of the What Works Centre for Children’s Social Care and the subsequent suite of systematic reviews to be conducted by the Centre in this substantive area.

Delivering Integrated Early Childhood Education and Development Through Family in Focus

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Stephen Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Education And Development

This chapter explores the potential of home-based early childhood education in democratizing the sector especially for poor and disadvantaged children. Considering the huge number of children not accessing early learning centers, alternative ECD is optional. Family in Focus is one of the alternative ECDs formed in 1987 to cater for the needs of the poor and vulnerable children in the Western Cape Province. The focus of this programme is on the family as the primary source of care of young children. Through the FIF programme, home visitors are trained and supported to reach out to these children and their caregivers in order to develop the skills and capacity of caregivers to stimulate and develop their children effectively in their own homes. The chapter argues that the introduction of Family in Focus (FIF) as an alternative ECD programme could serve as a strategy to make ECD accessible to poor and disadvantaged communities.

Children First? Intra-Household Inequality in Reconstituted Couple Households

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110551
Author(s):  
Alba Lanau
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Household Inequality ◽  
Children First ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

An increasing number of children are growing up in reconstituted households, formed by a couple and a non-common child. Reconstituted households tend to be poorer, which is associated with worse behavioural and developmental outcomes. Additionally, there is evidence that non-common children receive less economic support from their parents upon leaving the parental home. Using age-specific deprivation data collected in the 2014 European Survey on Income and Living Conditions this article compares the allocation of resources in reconstituted and intact couple households. It shows that indeed, children in reconstituted households are more likely to be deprived compared to those in intact households. However, it finds no evidence that reconstituted households are less likely to prioritise children. The findings hold across welfare regimes. Women are more likely to go without compared with men, although differences are small.

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