scholarly journals Measurement and Outcomes of the Perceived Risk of Stroke: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Aycock ◽  
Patricia C. Clark ◽  
Semere Araya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Preventive Health Behaviors

Stroke continues to be a public health problem, and risk perceptions are key to understanding people’s thoughts about stroke risk and their preventive health behaviors. This review identifies how the perceived risk of stroke has been measured and outcomes in terms of levels, predictors, accuracy, and intervention results. Sixteen studies were included. The perceived risk of stroke has primarily been assessed with single-item measures; no multi-item surveys were found. In general, people tend to perceive a low-moderate risk of stroke; the most common predictors of higher stroke risk perceptions were having risk factors for stroke (hypertension, diabetes) and a higher number of risk factors. However, inaccuracies were common; at least half of respondents underestimated/overestimated their risk. Few studies have examined whether interventions can improve the perceived risk of stroke. Strategies to improve stroke risk perceptions should be explored to determine whether accuracy can promote healthy lifestyles to reduce stroke risk.

Travel Risk and Intention to Visit a Destination During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-371
Author(s):  
Gonca Aytaş ◽  
Aysel Aliyeva ◽  
Engin Aytekin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Tourism Sector

The primary purpose of this chapter is to look into the risk perceptions of people traveling during the COVID-19 and their intention to visit destinations. Another aim of this chapter is to provide the readers with conceptual information about the concept of perceived risk, risk factors encountered in the tourism sector, and the intention to visit a destination. In this context, a literature review was performed, and the concept of perceived risk, perceived risk factors in tourism, and the process of intention to visit a destination in connection with the previous studies were explained. Later on, the risk perceptions and destination visit intentions of the individuals regarding the destination visit during the COVID-19 were studied. Finally, suggestions have been offered relating to the tourism sector by making inferences from the information obtained from secondary data.

scholarly journals The Impact of Preventive Health Behaviors and Risk Factors on Health Status of Ghanaians

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashiru I.I. Saeed ◽  
A.R Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Samuel Blay Nguah ◽  
Xicang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Preventive Health Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Perception, Experiences, Risks, and Effects of Sexual Harassment Among Women Working in Hospitality Workplaces of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Dile Worke ◽  
Gurmesa Tura Debelew ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Women Employees

Abstract Background: Sexual harassment is a public health problem that depends on gender, context, and perceivers ideology. Though it grasped attention worldwide, the perception, experience, risk, and effects of sexual harassment on victims are still uncertain. Mainly, in hospitality workplaces, women employees are disproportionately victims of sexual harassment. However, the issue is at an early stage in low and middle-income countries and Ethiopia in particular. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the perception, experience, perceived risks, and effects of sexual harassment against women working in the hospitality workplaces.Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study from January 1 to August 30, 2019. Data were collected from women employees, managers, cashiers, and customers. We applied a semi-structured focus group and in-depth interview discussion guides. Women employees were selected using the snowball method, and we recruited the key informants purposefully until the data theoretically saturated. Key informants who were supposed to give adequate information to study objectives were selected. The selection process of the key informants was based on their responsibility concerning women working in hospitality workplaces. Data were analyzed via the thematic analysis approach with the help of ATLAS ti version 8.4.24 software package. Results: Forty-five women, five managers, four cashiers, and four customers were included in the study. Perceptions, experiences, perceived risk factors, and consequences of workplace sexual harassment were identified. The majority of the participants lack awareness about workplace sexual harassment. The experiences were verbal, physical, visual, and gender-related forms of sexual harassment. The perceived risk factors of sexual harassment were organization related, customer-related, and victim-related. The consequences were work-related, health-related, and financial and family undermining.Conclusions: Sexual harassment is poorly understood but widely experienced by women working in hospitality workplaces. It was also caused by multiple factors and affected both organizations and individuals. Awareness creation campaigns, pre-service education, and in-service training, prevention, and rehabilitation of the victims are needed. Likewise, organizational policies and strategies should have to be developed and implemented.

scholarly journals The prevalence of intracranial stenosis in patients at low and moderate risk of stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628641986953
Author(s):  
Hong-xiu Chen ◽  
Li-juan Wang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Fei-xue Yue ◽  
Li-min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Previous studies assessing the risk of stroke in the general population performed screening with Doppler ultrasonography only for high-risk patients and neglected low- and moderate-risk patients. The aims of this study were to explore the current prevalence of intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and analyze its association with different levels of stroke risk and risk factors based on the risk assessment scale for stroke used in China. Methods: A total of 3654 participants who underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) were eligible for inclusion. Information regarding demographic characteristics and risk factors such as alcohol consumption and hypertension was collected through interviews and questionnaires and used to analyze the association of ICAS with different levels of stroke risk and risk factors. Results: The mean age of 501 subjects diagnosed with at least one ICAS was higher than that of participants without ICAS (57.13 ± 9.56 years and 55.52 ± 9.35 years, respectively). After adjusting for confounding factors, gender, education, residence, hypertension and personal history of stroke were associated with ICAS. The odds ratios for ICAS in patients with hypertension and a personal history of stroke were 1.655 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.341–2.043] and 1.854 (95% CI: 1.371–2.508), respectively. In addition, participants in the low- and moderate-risk stroke groups accounted for an unexpectedly high proportion of individuals with ICAS (up to 38.3%). Results from multivariate analyses indicated that the adjusted odds ratios for ICAS in patients with moderate and high stroke risks versus those with a low stroke risk were 1.603 (95% CI: 1.171–2.195) and 1.612 (95% CI: 1.272–2.042), respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of ICAS is high in northeast China and increases with the level of stroke risk. However, the proportion of patients with ICAS among those with low and moderate stroke risks should also be noted.

scholarly journals Stroke Perception and Response amongst Elderly Persons in Benin, City, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
FE Odiase ◽  
E Kayode-Iyasere
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional

Theories on health behaviour have recognized perceived risk as an essential factor in the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, however, little is known about stroke risk perception and response to stroke in the elderly population of Nigeria. Ageing being the most important unmodifiable risk factor for stroke, this study aims to determine the predictors of perception of stroke risk and response to stroke in the elderly This was a cross-sectional study, which involved a multi-stage random sampling, recruiting one hundred and sixty individuals 65years and older. The interview was by face to face using a questionnaire to determine, demographics, knowledge of stroke risk, perception of stroke risk and response in the event of a stroke. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze predictors of dependent variables Only 32.5% of participants had an accurate perception of stroke risk while 30.6% would consider taking a patient to hospital in the event of a stroke. Increasing age (P=0.001), the female gender (P<0.05), having two or more risk factors for stroke (P=0.001) and attending two or more specialized clinics (P=0.001) were significant predictors of the wrong perception of stroke risk and inappropriate response in the event of a stroke. The elderly are at risk for stroke, but sadly with increasing age and additional risk factors for stroke, the majority have a wrong perception of stroke risk and would respond inappropriately in the event of a stroke. It might be necessary to run stroke campaigns that are targeted and appropriate to the elderly, involving continuous intermittent repetitions.

Abstract WP453: Factors Associated With Dietary Patterns For Stroke Prevention In Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy M Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dietary Recommendations

Background/Purpose Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity have contributed to increased stroke rates in young adults; these risk factors are more prevalent among young adult African Americans (YAAA). Cardiovascular risk factors often result from poor lifestyle choices—diet; therefore preventable, as with most strokes. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to explore relationships among perceptions of stroke risk, competence to live a healthy lifestyle, health literacy, and dietary patterns to reduce stroke risk in YAAA. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational analysis was conducted using baseline data from the Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction (SCORRE) study. SCORRE was guided by the Health Belief Model and used self-report questionnaires and biophysiological measures to assess the variables of interest in a community-based sample. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman’s Rho correlations and ANOVA. Results: Participants ( N =116) had a mean age of 25 ( SD =4.5) years, were mostly female (74%), college students, and averaged three modifiable stroke risk factors. Participants had poor dietary patterns based on the five AHA Life Simple 7 ® dietary recommendations; they averaged 1.6 ( SD =1.0). Participants perceived a low risk of future stroke ( M =2.5, SD =2.2); 53% had inaccurate risk perceptions. Health literacy levels ( M =4.4,SD=1.1) and perceived competence to live healthy (M=5.9, SD=1.1) were high. There was no association with health literacy/accuracy of perceived stroke risk ( p =.064); health literacy did not moderate the relationship between perceived competence to live healthy and dietary patterns. However, higher perceived risk of future stroke ( r s = -.22, p =.020) and lower perceived competence to live healthy ( r s =.27, p =.003) were significantly associated with poorer dietary patterns. Conclusions: As the incidence of stroke in young adults increases, the need for primary prevention interventions that focus on YAAA and dietary behaviors is paramount, regardless of health literacy levels. Assessing the perceived risk of future stroke and perceived competence to live healthy could help to identify those YAAA who may need more education and resources to achieve dietary recommendations for stroke risk reduction.

scholarly journals Risk perceptions among high-risk pregnant women in Nepal: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Rajbanshi ◽  
Mohd Noor Norhayati ◽  
Nik Hussain Nik Hazlina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Information Source ◽  
High Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background A woman’s perception of risk affects her decisions about seeking obstetric care and following prescribed regimens of care. This study explored the perceptions of high-risk pregnancy among women with high-risk factors. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in the Morang district, Nepal. A phenomenological approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 participants. Postpartum women with one risk factor for high-risk pregnancy who non-adhere to referral hospital birth were selected purposively. Thematic analysis was done to generate themes and categories. Findings Two main themes emerged in this study: (i) knowledge and understanding of risk and (ii) normalizing and non-acceptance of risk. The participants had inadequate knowledge of risk in pregnancy and childbirth. Their information source was their personal experiences of risk, witnessing their close relatives, and community incidents. The participants perceived pregnancy as a normal event and did not consider themselves as at risk. They tended to deny risk and perceived that everything was fine with their pregnancy. Conclusions The findings of this study provide a glimpse into how women perceived risk and the reasons that lead them to deny the risks and gave home birth. In the presence of risk factors in pregnancy, some women were not convinced that they were at risk. An antenatal check-up should be utilized as a platform to educate women, explore their intentions, and encourage safer births.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

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