Aggregate Prevalence of Chemosensory and Sinonasal Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 and Related Coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Lehrich ◽  
Khodayar Goshtasbi ◽  
Richard A. Raad ◽  
Ashwin Ganti ◽  
Peter Papagiannopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Resolution Level ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Smell Loss

Much of the published literature regarding the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitutes lower respiratory system symptomatology, while there exists a paucity of data describing the complicated sequelae of the upper respiratory system, including chemosensory and/or sinonasal dysfunction. This study utilized the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed/MEDLINE database to query for articles describing COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and other coronaviruses, with any mention of smell, taste, or other chemosensory or sinonasal dysfunction. Aggregate analysis demonstrated an incidence of 49.6% (n = 497 of 1002; 95% CI, 46.5%-52.7%), 47.9% (n = 480 of 1002; 95% CI, 44.8%-51.0%), and 17.9% (n = 880 of 4909; 95% CI, 16.9%-19.0%) for smell loss, taste loss, and smell or taste loss, respectively, in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, there were significantly higher incidences of runny nose/rhinorrhea/rhinitis and nasal congestion/obstruction/blockage in other coronaviruses as compared with SARS-CoV-2 ( P < .001). Understanding these less well-characterized symptoms may help develop measures for estimating early markers of disease prevalence and/or resolution. Level of evidence: 4.

scholarly journals Smell disorders associated with COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Sherif Mamdoh Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Hassan Sweed
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Blockage ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Smell Disorders ◽  
Smell Identification

Abstract Background We performed a search in the PubMed databases, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Cochrane Library using the keywords COVID-19, Novel coronavirus, corona, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, ENT, nose, anosmia, hyposmia, smell, olfactory, ORL, different ENT related symptoms. We reviewed published and peer-reviewed studies that reported the ENT manifestations in COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed positive patients. Main text Within the included 2549 COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed positive patients, smell affection was reported in 1453 patients (57%). The other reported ENT manifestations were taste disorder (49.2%), headache (42.8%), nasal blockage (26.3%), sore throat (25.7%), runny nose or rhinorrhea (21.3%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (7.9%), and frequent sneezing (3.6%). Conclusion Smell affection in COVID-19 is common and could be one of the red flag signs in COVID-19 infection. With a sensitivity of utilized questionnaire in smell identification, a homogenous universal well-defined COVID-19 questionnaire is needed to make the COVID-19 data collection more sensible.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF SPIRULINA FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iury Gomes Batista ◽  
Osmar Cleyton Person ◽  
Fernando Veiga Angelico Junior ◽  
Priscila Bogar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Trial Quality ◽  
Central Register

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a condition of high prevalence in the population and widely studied, with several treatments being consecrated for its control. Spirulina is a dietary supplement that modulates immune function, and has been shown to modulate the inflammatory response of allergic rhinitis. Purpose: To evaluate spirulina in the treatment and control of allergic rhinitis. Material and Methods: This is a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Searches were performed for randomized clinical trials relating spirulina to allergic rhinitis in five electronic databases: Cochrane - Central Register of Controlled Trials - CENTRAL (2021), PUBMED (1966-2021), EMBASE (1974-2021), LILACS (1982-2021) AND SCOPUS (2021). Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. Results: Two clinical trials involving a total of 215 patients were included. Both studies assessed the efficacy of spirulina in improving allergic rhinitis as the primary outcome. The first study described a significant reduction in runny nose, nasal congestion and itching over time of medication use (p 0.001) and in the second study the prevalence of rhinorrhea (P = 0.021), nasal congestion or obstruction (P = 0.039) and decreased smell (P = 0.030) were significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions: The included studies were in favor of the use of spirrulina. However, the level of evidence is very low and limited. We should have caution due to the small number of clinical trials and participants in these studies. It is recommended to carry out new RCTs following the CONSORT standardization.

The Novel Coronavirus: A Major Global Health Concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Care Staff ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Care Staff ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nucleoprotein N ◽  
The City

Today, Coronavirus (Cov) is one of the most dangerous diseases worldwide, and many people suffer from it. Coronavirus as a deadly virus was first recognized and spread in the City of Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China. This virion contains nucleocapsid, which is consists of phosphorylated nucleoprotein (N) and genomic RNA. The RNA of coronaviruses is enveloped, not fragmented, and is a positively sensitive single-stranded RNA that is known to be the largest viral genome in various sizes from 26 to 32 kV. Cov usually tends to provoke mild to severe respiratory disease. The symptoms of Cov may comprise headache, cough, fever, sore throat, runny nose, and a discomfort sensation. People with chronic diseases and health care staff are at greater risk of infection. Some compounds, such as mycophenolic acid and cyclosporine A, RNAi, and monoclonal antibodies have shown inhibitory effects against Cov. This article briefly discusses the nature, symptoms, transmission, treatment, prevention, and protection of this deadly virus.

scholarly journals The Role of Herbal and Nutritional Treatments in the Fight against COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Aline El Zakhem ◽  
May Annie Chalhoub ◽  
Maya Bassil
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

With the growing spread of COVID-19 worldwide, the appeal to alternative and nutritional therapies in conjunction with medical therapies has been heightened. This article aims to review studies assessing the roles of Chinese traditional medicine and nutrition in upper respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Various Chinese herbal protocols have been shown to fight respiratory infections, with several having been tested on the novel coronavirus. Additionally, promising findings have been reported when medical treatments were complemented with nutritional interventions. Supplementation with vitamins C and D, Zinc and Selenium are discussed, in addition to certain phytochemicals and food that also possess immunoregulatory and antiviral properties. Further clinical studies are needed to establish these alternative treatments as part of the management of emerging respiratory infections.

scholarly journals A study on the clinical characteristics and management of patients with mild cases of COVID-19 in shelter hospitals from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao FENG ◽  
Canhua YANG ◽  
Guiying LI ◽  
Daoye LIANG ◽  
Xinju JIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Clinical Type ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: To review the clinical characteristics of patients with mild cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia admitted to shelter hospitals and to investigate the management patterns of shelter hospitals. Methods: We collected and analyzed the case data of 931 patients of their general conditions, main clinical presentations, outcomes, laboratory results, imaging. Results: The average age of patients with mild cases of COVID-19 was （46.68 ± 12.13） years. There was no significant difference in incidence between males and females. The most common clinical presentations were fever (60.79%), cough (47.37%), myalgia and fatigue (17.40%), sore throat (13.86%), sputum (13.86%), diarrhea (9.98%), chest distress and dyspnea (8.38%), nasal congestion (6.02%), and runny nose (5.69%), while 10.10% were asymptomatic. In addition, anxiety and insomnia were present in 12.13% of cases. COVID-19 clinical type: mild, 248 cases (26.64%); moderate, 683 cases (73.36%). Blood biochemical examination showed that some patients exhibited WBC count (26.32%) lower to normal. Most patients tested positive for novel coronavirus nucleic acid (55.45%), while 44.55% tested negative. The rate of positive chest computed tomography (CT )examination findings was 94.36%. The most common change were ground-glass opacities (48.70%) and multiple patchy opacities (44.58%). Moreover, 65 patients (6.98%) were transferred to designated hospital, primarily due to exacerbation of novel coronavirus pneumonia (32 cases, 49.2%). Conclusions: COVID-19 patients in shelter hospitals were in a relatively mild overall condition and were predominantly of the moderate clinical type. Attention should be paid to asymptomatic positive patients and patients without respiratory symptoms. CT is still the main patient screening method. Shelter hospitals can carry the burden of epidemic prevention and treatment of patients with mild cases of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Do COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Behavior Changes Affect Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Children Undergoing Cardiac Interventional Catheterization?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ji ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Mengqi Li ◽  
Siyuan Wang ◽  
Liping Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Airway Secretion ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Interventional Catheterization ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic-related behavior changes could affect the perioperative respiratory adverse events in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study was designed to compare the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in children with and without upper respiratory infection (URI) undergoing the cardiac catheterization before and during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods：COVID-19 was outbreak in January 2020 in China. 260 pediatric patients scheduled for elective therapeutic cardiac catheterization were included from January 2019 to March 2021 and 154 were completed during the pandemic. Recent URI was diagnosed by the attending anesthesiologist owing to different PRAEs incidence in non-URI and URI children. The overall incidence of PRAEs (laryngospasm, bronchospasm, coughing, airway secretion, airway obstruction, and oxygen desaturation) in non-URI and URI children undergoing the elective cardiac catheterization were compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression model was fitted to identify the potential risk factors associated with PRAEs.Results: Of 564 children enrolled, 359 completed the study and was analyzed finally. URI incidence decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic (14% vs. 41%, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the overall PRAEs also significantly declined no matter whether or not the child had recent URI (22.3% vs. 42.3%, P=0.001 for non-URI and 29.2% vs. 58.7%, P=0.012 for URI respectively). Post-operative agitation in non-URI children occurred less frequently during the pandemic than before (2.3% vs. 16.2%, P=0.001). Behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic (odd ratio=2.84, 95%CI 1.76 to 4.58) and recent URI (odd ratio =1.79, 95%CI 1.09 to 2.92) were associated with the PRAEs.Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic-related behavior changes were associated with the reduction of PRAEs in non-URI and URI children undergoing elective therapeutic cardiac catheterization.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Neurological Disorders Associated with the SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav A. Kutashov Vyacheslav A. Kutashov ◽  
Olga Ulyanova ◽  
Igor Protasov ◽  
Oleg Zolotaryov ◽  
Elena Ananyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes, COVID-19, along with damage to the respiratory system, can lead to disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as the muscular system. The article presents literature data and the authors’ observations of the course of neurological disorders in a patient with COVID-19. This study found that there is a link between the severity of COVID-19 and the intensity and frequency of neurological disorders.

scholarly journals The Effect of Smoking on Oxygen Saturation Level of Patients Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Yusuf Dwiyanto ◽  
Muhammad Didin Wahyudin ◽  
Ria Mariatul Isnaani ◽  
Dedeh Ernawati ◽  
Doddy Firmansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Total Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) disease caused by SARS-COV2 was first discovered in Wuhan, China, December 2019. WHO has set Covid 19 to be a pandemic which has resulted in an increase in death rates worldwide. Covid-19 attacks the respiratory system which resembles pneumonia but has signs of a decrease in oxygen saturation. In Indonesia, many people, especially men, practice smoking, where smoking can cause respiratory system problems, but there is no sign of a decrease in oxygen saturation. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of smoking on oxygen saturation levels in Covid-19 patients. Methods: This type of research is an analytic study with a cross sectional design. Total population of 52 people, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: This study shows that 21.2% of patients who smoke 6-12 cigarettes / day have oxygen saturation <75%, with the result p-value = 0.000, which means that there is an effect between smoking on decreasing oxygen saturation, with a 53-fold chance of covid patients. People who smoke can cause a decrease in oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Decrease in oxygen saturation in covid-19 patients, can be caused due to the toxicity of cigarettes smoked. In smokers who are confirmed Covid-19, there will be an worsening of oxygen supply in the blood, which is indicated by a decrease in oxygen saturation <75%.

scholarly journals First Case Of SAR-Coronavirus-2 Sequencing In The Cerebrospinal Fluid Of A Patient With Suspected CNS Demyelinating Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Domingues ◽  
Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa ◽  
Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura Leite ◽  
Ester Cerdeira Sabino ◽  
Ingra M Claro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
First Case ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The association between coronaviruses and central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesions has been previously shown. However, no case has been described of an association between the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) and CNS demyelinating disease so far. SARS-COV-2 was previously detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample of a patient with encephalitis. However, the virus identity was not confirmed by deep sequencing of SARS-COV-2 detected in the CSF. Here, we report a case of a patient with mild respiratory symptoms and neurological manifestations compatible with Clinically Isolated Syndrome. The viral genome of SARS-COV-2 was detected and sequenced in CSF with 99.74 to 100% similarity between the patient virus and worldwide sequences. This report suggests a possible association of SARS COV-2 infection with neurological symptoms of demyelinating disease, even in the absence of relevant upper respiratory tract infection signs.

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