scholarly journals Do COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Behavior Changes Affect Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Children Undergoing Cardiac Interventional Catheterization?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ji ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Mengqi Li ◽  
Siyuan Wang ◽  
Liping Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Airway Secretion ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Interventional Catheterization ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic-related behavior changes could affect the perioperative respiratory adverse events in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study was designed to compare the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in children with and without upper respiratory infection (URI) undergoing the cardiac catheterization before and during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods：COVID-19 was outbreak in January 2020 in China. 260 pediatric patients scheduled for elective therapeutic cardiac catheterization were included from January 2019 to March 2021 and 154 were completed during the pandemic. Recent URI was diagnosed by the attending anesthesiologist owing to different PRAEs incidence in non-URI and URI children. The overall incidence of PRAEs (laryngospasm, bronchospasm, coughing, airway secretion, airway obstruction, and oxygen desaturation) in non-URI and URI children undergoing the elective cardiac catheterization were compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression model was fitted to identify the potential risk factors associated with PRAEs.Results: Of 564 children enrolled, 359 completed the study and was analyzed finally. URI incidence decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic (14% vs. 41%, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the overall PRAEs also significantly declined no matter whether or not the child had recent URI (22.3% vs. 42.3%, P=0.001 for non-URI and 29.2% vs. 58.7%, P=0.012 for URI respectively). Post-operative agitation in non-URI children occurred less frequently during the pandemic than before (2.3% vs. 16.2%, P=0.001). Behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic (odd ratio=2.84, 95%CI 1.76 to 4.58) and recent URI (odd ratio =1.79, 95%CI 1.09 to 2.92) were associated with the PRAEs.Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic-related behavior changes were associated with the reduction of PRAEs in non-URI and URI children undergoing elective therapeutic cardiac catheterization.

scholarly journals Hypogeusia as the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e236080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Melley ◽  
Eli Bress ◽  
Erik Polan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Involvement ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Flavour Perception ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 is the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first arose in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since been declared a pandemic. The clinical sequelae vary from mild, self-limiting upper respiratory infection symptoms to severe respiratory distress, acute cardiopulmonary arrest and death. Otolaryngologists around the globe have reported a significant number of mild or otherwise asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 presenting with olfactory dysfunction. We present a case of COVID-19 resulting in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, presenting with the initial symptom of disrupted taste and flavour perception prior to respiratory involvement. After 4 days in the ICU and 6 days on the general medicine floor, our patient regained a majority of her sense of smell and was discharged with only lingering dysgeusia. In this paper, we review existing literature and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to the reported symptoms of hyposmia, hypogeusia and dysgeusia.

scholarly journals The Role of Herbal and Nutritional Treatments in the Fight against COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Aline El Zakhem ◽  
May Annie Chalhoub ◽  
Maya Bassil
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

With the growing spread of COVID-19 worldwide, the appeal to alternative and nutritional therapies in conjunction with medical therapies has been heightened. This article aims to review studies assessing the roles of Chinese traditional medicine and nutrition in upper respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Various Chinese herbal protocols have been shown to fight respiratory infections, with several having been tested on the novel coronavirus. Additionally, promising findings have been reported when medical treatments were complemented with nutritional interventions. Supplementation with vitamins C and D, Zinc and Selenium are discussed, in addition to certain phytochemicals and food that also possess immunoregulatory and antiviral properties. Further clinical studies are needed to establish these alternative treatments as part of the management of emerging respiratory infections.

Upper Respiratory Infection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wayman ◽  
Nancy B. Samol ◽  
Eric Wittkugel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Reactive Airway Disease ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Adverse Respiratory Events

The child with an upper respiratory tract infection presenting for surgery is probably the most common dilemma that faces the pediatric anesthesiologist. While cancellation of such a child’s operation had been a common practice in the past, nowadays, an anesthesiologist will more than likely proceed with the anesthetic management of a child with a mild common cold. Research has shown that while perioperative respiratory adverse events are likely to occur in a child with a mild cold, these events are very easily managed. In addition, the use of a laryngeal mask airway which prevents instrumentation of a child’s airway drastically decreases the incidence of perioperative adverse events in this patient population. Planned airway surgery, history of prematurity, reactive airway disease, and passive smoking in the home are factors that increase the incidence of perioperative adverse respiratory events in a child with an active cold.

scholarly journals First Case Of SAR-Coronavirus-2 Sequencing In The Cerebrospinal Fluid Of A Patient With Suspected CNS Demyelinating Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Domingues ◽  
Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa ◽  
Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura Leite ◽  
Ester Cerdeira Sabino ◽  
Ingra M Claro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
First Case ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The association between coronaviruses and central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesions has been previously shown. However, no case has been described of an association between the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) and CNS demyelinating disease so far. SARS-COV-2 was previously detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample of a patient with encephalitis. However, the virus identity was not confirmed by deep sequencing of SARS-COV-2 detected in the CSF. Here, we report a case of a patient with mild respiratory symptoms and neurological manifestations compatible with Clinically Isolated Syndrome. The viral genome of SARS-COV-2 was detected and sequenced in CSF with 99.74 to 100% similarity between the patient virus and worldwide sequences. This report suggests a possible association of SARS COV-2 infection with neurological symptoms of demyelinating disease, even in the absence of relevant upper respiratory tract infection signs.

Aggregate Prevalence of Chemosensory and Sinonasal Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 and Related Coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Lehrich ◽  
Khodayar Goshtasbi ◽  
Richard A. Raad ◽  
Ashwin Ganti ◽  
Peter Papagiannopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Resolution Level ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Smell Loss

Much of the published literature regarding the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitutes lower respiratory system symptomatology, while there exists a paucity of data describing the complicated sequelae of the upper respiratory system, including chemosensory and/or sinonasal dysfunction. This study utilized the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed/MEDLINE database to query for articles describing COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and other coronaviruses, with any mention of smell, taste, or other chemosensory or sinonasal dysfunction. Aggregate analysis demonstrated an incidence of 49.6% (n = 497 of 1002; 95% CI, 46.5%-52.7%), 47.9% (n = 480 of 1002; 95% CI, 44.8%-51.0%), and 17.9% (n = 880 of 4909; 95% CI, 16.9%-19.0%) for smell loss, taste loss, and smell or taste loss, respectively, in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, there were significantly higher incidences of runny nose/rhinorrhea/rhinitis and nasal congestion/obstruction/blockage in other coronaviruses as compared with SARS-CoV-2 ( P < .001). Understanding these less well-characterized symptoms may help develop measures for estimating early markers of disease prevalence and/or resolution. Level of evidence: 4.

scholarly journals ГУМОРАЛЬНИЙ ІМУНІТЕТ У ДІТЕЙ ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ЗІ ПОЗАШПИТАЛЬНОЮ ПНЕВМОНІЄЮ

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8(36)) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Бабік І. В.
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
First Line ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is often characterized as a component of the immune systems “first-line of defense” against pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, and bacteria. A lower concentration of sIgA in saliva has been conceptualized as a risk factor for upper respiratory infection in children. Also, individual differences in sIgA levels in response to infection have been identified as potential risk factors. No gender differences in SIgA levels have been reported. sIgA in saliva is not directly related to serum levels of sIgA.

scholarly journals Identification of susceptibility loci for adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in the Japanese population: A web-based genome-wide association study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Nogawa ◽  
Hajime Kanamori ◽  
Koichi Tokuda ◽  
Kaoru Kawafune ◽  
Miyuki Chijiiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, mRNA-based vaccines made by Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b1) and Moderna (mRNA-1273) have been widely used worldwide, including in Japan. Various adverse events after COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations have been reported, with differences observed among individuals. However, the analysis on the genetic background for susceptibility to side effects has been limited. In the present work, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for self-reported adverse events of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 4,545 Japanese individuals and identified 14 associated loci. Among these, 6p21 was associated with 37.5°C or higher fever, 38 °C or higher fever, and muscle pain. Our results may enable one to prepare for and manage side effects by knowing their susceptibility to the occurrence of adverse events. Furthermore, we obtained valuable data that can lead to the understanding of the mechanism of action of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

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