General Theory in the Study of Migration: Current Needs and Difficulties

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
J. J. Mangalam ◽  
Harry K. Schwarzweller
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Recent Trends

The need for a more comprehensive, general theoretical approach to the study of migration is widely recognized by sociologists and other behavioral scientists. At present, no major synthesizing effort, directly relevant to the concerns of sociologists, exists. Against a background of recent trends and lines of inquiry in migration research, drawn from an extensive review of the current literature, probable reasons are suggested for this “lag” in general theory-building. In addition to a number of misconceptions about the nature of migration, which continue to prevail, and difficulties stemming from the sources of migration data, which reinforce those misconceptions, the study of migration has suffered from a lack of concern on the part of our leading sociological theorists.

How, and for How Long, Did Keynes maintain theTreatiseTheory?

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-307
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Primary Material ◽  
Intellectual Journey

Many historians of economic theory have studied how John Maynard Keynes developed his theory fromA Tract on Monetary ReformthroughA Treatise on Money(hereafter theTreatise) toThe General TheoryofEmployment, Interest and Money(hereafter theGeneral TheoryorGT). After the pioneering studies by Moggridge (1973) and Patinkin (1976, 1982), there followed Dimand (1988), Amdeo (1989), Clarke (1988, 1998), Meltzer (1988), Moggridge (1992), Skidelsky (1992), Laidler (1999), and others. This is no wonder, for the Keynesian Revolution remains the most singular phenomenon that economic theory and policy have ever seen. Although the objective of our entire project has been to shed new light on this important and interesting phenomenon, examining and analyzing the processes of theory-building and rebuilding which constitute Keynes's intellectual journey (see Hirai 1997–99), the present paper focuses solely on one chapter in the long story of the transition through his three major works. The very fact of addressing the questions, “How did Keynes maintain the theory developed in theTreatiseafter its publication (October 1930), and for how long?” narrows the period under study to approximately two years which span roughly from October 1930 through October 1932. Our scrutiny will range over the original texts and primary material such as manuscripts, lecture notes, and correspondence produced over this period, and our findings will rest on the meticulous analysis of material of crucial importance for a clear understanding of Keynes's theoretical situation. We will also offer our comments on the earlier efforts insofar as they relate to the period in question.

The Next Hundred Years

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W.M. Fulford ◽  
Martin Davies ◽  
Richard G.T. Gipps ◽  
George Graham ◽  
John Z. Sadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Specific Sense

This chapter introduces the edited volume,The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry. Published in 2013, the centenary of Karl Jaspers'General Psychopathology, the chapter draws lessons from the last hundred years for the coming century. No predictions are made. Instead, five 'conditions for flourishing' are set out: 1) Particular Problems - the importance of focussing on well-defined particular problems rather than general theory building, 2) Product- orientation - remaining always responsibly product oriented in the specific sense that both sides (philosophers and practitioners) put in the work necessary to 'go deep' with each other's fields, 3) Partnership - working in partnerships of one kind or another (ranging from team work through to doubly qualified researchers), 4) Process - constant reflection on process based on peer review but leaving scope for the occasional rogue voice to cut innovatively against the grain, and 5) Q - a condition of a different kind, Q is an empirically derived measure of the balance between in-group cohesion and out-group openness required to support creativity. Illustrations are given of how these five conditions for flourishing have underpinned the rapid expansion of philosophy and psychiatry in the closing decades of the twentieth century, and, correspondingly, are also reflected in the Handbook as a whole. Overviews and commentaries on individual contributions to the Handbook are given in extended editorial introductions to each of its eight sections.

scholarly journals Estimating vertex-degree-based energies

2022 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Ivan Gutman
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Spectral Theory ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Bipartite Graphs ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Vertex Degree ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Graph Invariants ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Graph Energy

Introduction/purpose: In the current literature, several dozens of vertex-degree-based (VDB) graph invariants are being studied. To each such invariant, a matrix can be associated. The VDB energy is the energy (= sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues) of the respective VDB matrix. The paper examines some general properties of the VDB energy of bipartite graphs. Results: Estimates (lower and upper bounds) are established for the VDB energy of bipartite graphs in which there are no cycles of size divisible by 4, in terms of ordinary graph energy. Conclusion: The results of the paper contribute to the spectral theory of VDB matrices, especially to the general theory of VDB energy.

scholarly journals An ethical review on the search for performance: evidence-based nutrology and the use without indication of anabolic steroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limiro Luiz da Silveira Neto ◽  
Ludmilla Rodrigues de Souza Mol Santos
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Safety ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Scientific Foundation ◽  
The Subject

This study aimed to evaluate what is new in the controversial use of testosterone, as an indication in pathologies such as hypogonadism or its use by athletes and bodybuilders in search of performance. Much is said about the subject and many myths were created without any scientific foundation, one of the objectives of the monograph is to show that when there is a precise clinical indication, testosterone is necessary and extremely beneficial to the patient. It was evaluated in current literature through books and articles, advances in physiology, regulation, treatment of late adult hypogonadism, incidence of use and the most common analogues used by athletes, the harms and benefits expected from the use of the hormone and especially what we have again on cardiovascular safety in testosterone use. After an extensive review, it is still not possible to affirm all the benefits and harms of using the hormone, many old studies are disputed in new studies and even presented results opposite to what was previously believed.

Does culture evolve by means of Darwinian selection? The lessons of Candide’s travels

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Guillo
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Darwinian Selection ◽  
Universal Algorithm ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Biological Phenomena

The meaning of the concept of natural selection undergoes important changes when it circulates, through the use of analogies, between the realms of biological and cultural phenomena. These changes are not easily detected, but they are unavoidable. They have to do with differences between the properties of cultural phenomena and those of biological phenomena: in particular, the absence of the equivalent of a Hardy–Weinberg law for culture. These differences make it necessary to translate the concepts of classic population genetics into the language of transmission. This translation enables the theorists discussed here to build a unitary general theory of evolution (GTE) based on analogies between biological and cultural evolution, and at the same time to single out their differences. But the unity and the rigor of this theoretical approach are merely apparent. The concept of selection as it is defined here loses, in its three spheres of application – GTE, culture but also biology – the meaning and explanatory power it has in classic population genetics. This means that the mechanism of Darwinian selection cannot be considered as a universal algorithm that is valid for both biological and cultural phenomena alike.

scholarly journals New frontiers of migration research - making migration information infrastructures visible

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fran Meissner ◽  
Linnet Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Information Infrastructures ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Empirical Implications

The nature and production of migration statistics are in flux. Where there used to be ‘migration data’ produced by states and collated by (supra)national agencies with the aim of understanding and recording migration flows, now there are a myriad unofficial data sources and processing collaborations which produce migration and mobility data as a by-product of both commercial and governmental processes. This paper brings together the migration studies with the Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature to take stock of the theoretical and empirical implications of these new data sources for both migrants and for the links between migration and broader social processes. We identify migration information infrastructures: configurations of data assemblages which involve private and public sector actors, where data originally collected for one purpose (billing customers, sharing social information, sensing environmental change) become repurposed as migration statistics. We explore the implications of such migration information infrastructures for migration researchers: what are the entanglements that such infrastructures bring with them, and what do they mean for the ethics and practicalities of doing migration research?

“Method in their madness”: understanding the behaviour of VSE owner‐managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Cyr ◽  
Olivier Meier ◽  
Jean‐Claude Pacitto
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Way

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the sound practical reasons underlying the behaviour of very small enterprise (VSE) owner‐managers with respect to their perceived resistance to the dominant entrepreneurial and managerial models in areas such as management methods, marketing or internationalisation.Design/methodology/approachThe current literature on VSE managers was reviewed in the light of Raymond Boudon's general theory of rationality. Starting from the premise that in science, the simplest explanation tends to be the best, the paper highlights the practical reasons why VSE owner‐managers behave the way they do.FindingsWhile there may be cultural or personality‐based reasons why VSE owner‐managers often appear to reject the traditional entrepreneurial model, these are not the sole or even the main explanation. In most cases, the behaviour in question can be explained much more simply by practical, down‐to‐earth reasons. From the actor's point of view, his behaviour is always rational.Research limitations/implicationsThis new model of the behaviour of VSE owner‐managers has not been empirically tested.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel vision of the behaviour of VSE owner‐managers, based on the practical reasons underlying their actions, that goes beyond the existing typologies such as the “Traditional‐vs‐Opportunistic” entrepreneur.

Syntactic change and the autonomy thesis

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Diachronic Syntax ◽  
Syntactic Change ◽  
Historical Viewpoint ◽  
Recent Attention

I. Despite much activity, the recent attention paid by generativists to diachronic syntax has led to no significant implications for a general theory of grammar and, from a purely historical viewpoint, has failed to focus on any well-defined concepts of historical change. The papers in this field stand largely in isolation from each other and show few common threads of interest or argumentation; there is little agreement on even the most fundamental concepts. Modern diachronic syntacticians, it is true, have no legacy equivalent to what was handed down to phonologists, and they must do their own pioneering work. This will preclude rapid progress, but it does not explain the current disarray of the field. The fault for that lies in ourselves and is a consequence of a theoretical approach to syntax precisely as barren as that of the neogrammarians.

Mathematical Formulation of Blade Surfaces in Turbomachinery: Part I — Theoretical Surface Formulations

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rautenberg ◽  
A. Engeda ◽  
W. Wittekindt
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pump Impeller ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Compressor Impeller ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flow Pump

This paper justifies recent trends in the mathematical definition of blade surfaces of impellers and rotors. The authors introduce a simple and efficient surface definition method, which is highly suited for numerical manufacture. Examples of a centrifugal compressor impeller, a mixed flow pump impeller and a gas turbine blade manufactured using the method are also presented. In this first part the theoretical approach and the mathematical derivations of the authors STRAIGHT-LINE-SURFACE structure method is introduced.

scholarly journals The Geschwind–Behan–Galaburda Model (GBGM) of Cerebral Lateralization: A Critique and Prospective

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
C. M. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Communication ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Analytic Review

In the wake of, and as a complement to, a recently published major meta-analytic review of empirical support of the Geschwind–Behan–Galaburda model (GBGM) of cerebral lateralization (CL) the present brief essay attempts to present a critical assessment of the theoretical approach underlying the GBGM. The GBGM is criticized for having been misguided in its representation of the cerebral basis of handedness, and of the links between testosterone and immune function. Some guidelines are presented for the development of a general theory of CL, emphasizing animal research, greater interdisciplinary communication, a hierarchical model-building approach, and the relevance of neuropharmacology and psychiatry.

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