Food consumption according to the degree of processing, dietary diversity and socio-demographic factors among pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: The Rio Birth Cohort Study of Environmental Exposure and Childhood Development (PIPA project)

Background: Relevant evidence has addressed the negative impact of food processing on health. However, maternal ultra-processed food consumption is poorly investigated. Aim: To analyze food consumption according to the degree of food processing, dietary diversity, and associated socio-demographic factors during pregnancy. Methods: Cross-sectional data was taken from a birth cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 142 pregnant women. We assessed diet using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire and classified food items according to the NOVA classification system as non-ultra-processed-foods and ultra-processed-foods. Non-ultra-processed-food and ultra-processed-food scores were calculated, reflecting weekly intake of more than one subgroup. Dietary diversity of the non-ultra-processed-food diet fraction was described according to the Food and Agriculture Organization guidelines. The association between food consumption and socio-demographic factors were investigated using logistic regression models. Results: Over 60% of the pregnant women reported consumption of at least three non-ultra-processed-food groups. However, only 25% had adequate dietary diversity. The level of education (Complete high school: odds ratio, 5.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.73–16.65) was associated with regular intake of “meat and eggs.” Among the ultra-processed-food score, 27% of the participants described a weekly consumption of at least two ultra-processed-food subgroups. White women (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–6.63) had a higher chance of reporting “packaged ready meals” consumption. Conclusions: This study shows a high weekly consumption of ultra-processed-food subgroups and low dietary diversity of the non-ultra-processed-food fraction of the diet of pregnant women in Brazil. Our results elucidate the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on diet quality during pregnancy.

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Consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of overweight and obesity, and weight trajectories in the French cohort NutriNet-Santé

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120003559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Bernard Srour ◽

Marie Beslay ◽

Caroline Méjean ◽

Benjamin Allès ◽

Thibault Fiolet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Weight Trajectories ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractIntroductionPrevious epidemiological studies have found associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of obesity-related outcomes, such as post-menopausal breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and mortality. However, only one Spanish prospective study has explored the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity, as well as the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and weight trajectories, in middle-aged adults included in the French large scale NutriNet-Santé cohort.MethodsOverall, 110260 participants aged at least 18 years from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019) were included. Dietary intakes were collected using repeated 24 hour dietary records, merged with a food composition database of 3300 different products. These were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risks of overweight and obesity were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and weight trajectories were assessed using multivariable linear mixed models for repeated measures with random slope and intercept. Models were adjusted for known risk factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors).ResultsUltra-processed food intake was associated with a higher risk of overweight (n = 7063 incident cases; hazard ratio for an absolute increment of 10 in the percentage of ultra-processed foods in the diet = 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.14); P < 0.0001, median follow-up: 4.1y, 260304 person-years) and obesity (n = 3066 incident cases; HR = 1.09 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.13); P < 0.0001, median follow-up: 8.0y 365344 person-years). Higher consumers of ultra-processed foods (4th quartile) were more likely to present an increase in body mass index over time (change of BMI/time-unit in Q4 vs Q1 = 0.04, P < 0.0001). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet (fruits and vegetables and sugary drinks consumption, intakes of saturated fatty acids, sodium, sugar, dietary fiber or Healthy/Western patterns derived by principal component analysis) and after a large range of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn this large observational prospective study, higher consumption of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. Public health authorities in several countries recently started to recommend privileging unprocessed/minimally processed foods and limiting ultra-processed food consumption.

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Time trend (2008-2016) of food consumption based on the degree of food processing in United Kingdom

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.435 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M F Madruga ◽

E Martínez Steele ◽

R B Levy ◽

F Rauber

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Food Processing ◽

Time Trend ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Minimally Processed ◽

Total Calorie ◽

Over Time ◽

Total Calorie Intake

Abstract Background Ultra-processed foods have been rapidly displacing traditional dietary patterns based on unprocessed and minimally processed foods. We assessed the time trend of food consumption based on the degree and purpose of food processing in United Kingdom from 2008 to 2016. Methods Cross-sectional data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey were analysed. Food items collected using a 4-day food diary were classified according to the NOVA system. Linear regression models were used to estimate linear trend of food consumption across years, adjusted for sex, social class occupation, age and region. Results From the 2008 to 2016, the dietary contribution of processed culinary ingredients increased from 4.1% to 4.8% (p for trend<0.001), while the contribution of processed foods decreased from 9.5% to 8.4% (p for trend=0.001), respectively. The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (from 30.4% in 2008 to 30.2% in 2016; p for trend=0.462) and ultra-processed foods (from 56.0% to 56.6%, respectively; p for trend=0.194) across survey years has not appreciably changed. Regarding the subgroups, butter and plain oil (Processed culinary ingredients) increased over time, while beer, food preserved and bread (processed food) decreased. Among ultra-processed foods, pre-prepared meals, biscuits and industrial desserts increased, while reconstituted meat and margarine decreased. Among unprocessed or minimally processed foods, poultry, cereals, eggs and legumes increased, while roots, red meat and fresh fruit juice decreased. Conclusions We observed substantial changes in the consumption of processed food and processed culinary ingredients over time. The consumption of ultra-processed food remained unchanged over time, and still account for more than half of total calorie intake in UK. Despite this, substantial changes in some subgroups including ultra-processed, were observed for the four NOVA groups. Funding CAPES and FAPESP 2016/14302-7. Key messages The consumption of ultra-processed food remained unchanged over time, and still account for more than half of total calorie intake in UK. Actions to mitigate high consumption ultra-processed foods are necessary given that these foods have been strongly associated with obesity and diet-related chronic diseases.

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Changes of Physical Activity and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Adolescents from Different Countries during Covid-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2289 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

María Belén Ruíz-Roso ◽

Patricia de Carvalho Padilha ◽

Diana C. Matilla-Escalante ◽

Paola Brun ◽

Natalia Ulloa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Latin America ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consumption Data ◽

Food Consumption Data

Aim: to describe physical activity and ultra-processed foods consumption, their changes and sociodemographic predictors among adolescents from countries in Europe (Italy and Spain) and Latin America (Brazil, Chile, and Colombia) during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic period. Methods: Cross-sectional study via web survey. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and weekly ultra-processed food consumption data were used. To compare the frequencies of physical activity status with sociodemographic variables, a multinomial logistic and a multiple logistic regression for habitual ultra-processed foods was performed. In final models, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sample of 726 adolescents, mostly females (59.6%) aged 16–19 years old (54.3%). Adolescents from Latin America presented odds ratio (OR) 2.98 (CI 95% 1.80–4.94) of being inactive and those whose mothers had higher level of education were less active during lockdown [OR 0.40 (CI 95% 0.20–0.84)]. The habitual ultra-processed consumption was also high during this period in all countries, and more prevalent in Latin America. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of inactivity was observed in this population, but reductions of physical activity and habitual ultra-processed consumption during the pandemic were more pronounced in Latin America. Our findings reinforce the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle, i.e., exercise and diet, during periods of social isolation.

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Factors Associated with Distribution of Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia Among Rural and Urban Women in Child Bearing Age – A Case of Mbala General Hospital, Northern Province, Zambia

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH ◽

10.21522/tijph.2013.09.03.art008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 81-91

Author(s):

Daniel Sinkala

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Economic Status ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Preeclampsia and eclampsia cases continue to rise in northern Zambia as people search for babies and continuity of clans’ survival. Due to the competitive nature of cultural demands/ myths on pregnancy and maternal socio-demographic factors (low-age, low socio-economic status, and poor health-seeking behaviour), women in rural prefer unprofessional primary health care services that are presumably affordable to them thereby, delaying in seeking for professional healthcare services. High levels of poverty in resource-limited areas have put many female adolescents at risk of falling pregnant. Thus, this study probed on the interaction between these maternal socio-demographic factors and disease distribution in both rural and urban areas with respect to various pregnancy outcomes. The study used retrospective quantitative methods in eliciting information from data sources (women, registers) in Mbala, Mpulungu, Senga, and Mungwi districts covering 3-year period (2017-2019). In all, 202 female respondents from Northern Zambia were interviewed through self-administered questionnaires. Thereafter, data were analysed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS v16). Findings indicate severe; socio-economic status and low maternal age affect pre-eclampsia disease distribution coupled with adverse pregnancy outcomes more in rural than urban areas. The better the socio-demographic conditions, the lower the disease distribution with good pregnancy outcomes. However, worsening maternal socio-demographic conditions may increase the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women of northern Zambia. The study recommended interventions tarred towards public health programmes such as social behaviour change and communication (SBCC) towards adolescent women and socio-economic empowerment of pregnant women in resource-limited areas. Keywords: Average ANC timing, Preeclampsia, Residency, Socio-economic, Teenage pregnancy.

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Ultra-processed Food Consumption by Pregnant Women: The Effect of an Educational Intervention with Health Professionals

Maternal and Child Health Journal ◽

10.1007/s10995-018-2690-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 692-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caroline de Barros Gomes ◽

Maíra Barreto Malta ◽

Maria Laura da Costa Louzada ◽

Maria Helena D’Aquino Benício ◽

Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Educational Intervention ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Processed Food

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Ultra-processed foods and early childhood caries in 0–3‐year‐olds enrolled at Primary Healthcare Centers in Southern Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020002839 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maurício Santos de Souza ◽

Juliana dos Santos Vaz ◽

Thais Martins-Silva ◽

Rafael Aiello Bomfim ◽

Andreia Morales Cascaes

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Primary Healthcare Centers ◽

Childhood Caries

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and early childhood caries. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cluster randomised controlled study. Outcomes included the prevalence of children with non-cavitated and cavitated caries. The main exposure was the total daily consumption of ultra-processed foods (up to three times and four times or more), assessed through a FFQ. Potential confounders were socio-demographic characteristics of the child and caregiver/family, child breast-feeding, oral hygiene and use of dental services. Poisson regression using robust variance adjustment was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95 % CI. Setting: Primary Healthcare Centers in an urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Participants: Children aged 0–3 years (n 309). Results: Consumption of ultra-processed foods four times or more a day was found in 67·6 % of children; 24·4 and 12·0 % presented non-cavitated and cavitated caries, respectively. After adjustment, children who consumed ultra-processed foods four times or more a day were more likely to present both non-cavitated caries (PR 2·25, 95 % CI 1·19, 4·27, P = 0·013) and cavitated caries (PR 3·48, 95 % CI 1·18, 10·30, P = 0·024) compared with those who have consumed them up to three times a day. Conclusions: Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with early childhood caries. Interventions aiming at reducing ultra-processed food consumption should be implemented to improve children’s oral health.

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Urinary incontinence and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities of Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/1745506520952009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 174550652095200

Author(s):

Arsema Berhe ◽

Abayneh Alamer ◽

Kiflom Negash ◽

Belete Assefa

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Pelvic Floor ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽

Mekelle City

Background: Urinary incontinence is any involuntary leakage of urine. It has serious negative health impacts on quality of life in pregnant women. According to the scientific committee of the International Continence Society report, worldwide prevalence of urinary incontinence estimated ranges between 32% and 64% among pregnant women. However, there is scarcity of evidence on prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence in Ethiopia. Objective: The aims of this study were to assess prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities of Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methodology: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Physical examination was done to assess the strength of pelvic floor muscles. The data were entered to EPI Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the factors associated with urinary incontinence. Results: Among 317 respondents, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 23%. The contributing factors that had statistically significant association with urinary incontinence were gestational age (adjusted odds ratio: 9.6 (1.87–49.39, 95%), parity (adjusted odds ratio: 6.32 (1.48–27.05), 95% confidence interval), prior miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio: 6.28 (2.15–18.28), 95% confidence interval), constipation (adjusted odds ratio: 8.25 (3.12–21.84), 95% confidence interval), respiratory problem (adjusted odds ratio: 6.31 (2.05–19.43), 95% confidence interval), and weak pelvic floor muscle (adjusted odds ratio: 7.55 (2.51–22.67), 95% confidence interval). Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary incontinence is moderate compared to other studies. Gestational age, parity, prior miscarriage, having constipation, having respiratory problem, and weak pelvic floor muscle had significant association with urinary incontinence. This finding will help to increase the awareness of health care professionals involved in the care of pregnant women about urinary incontinence.

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The Severity of Malarial-Anemia in Pregnant Women in Biyem-Assi, Yaounde

Archives of Current Research International ◽

10.9734/acri/2021/v21i230233 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-68

Author(s):

Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga ◽

Ngo Batandi Helen Virginie ◽

Tchanga Chanceline Flore ◽

Fegue Celestine Nadege

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Multiparous Women ◽

Study Population ◽

Health Institutions ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Primiparous Women ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Malaria is a parasitic disease endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa especially in Cameroon. Pregnancy is associated with increased susceptibility to malaria. Closely associated to malaria is anaemia. It is generally accepted that pregnancy ends with childbirth. The outcome of the pregnancy is highly affected by the presence of malaria and anaemia. The aim of ths study was to determine the prevalence and severity of malaria and anemia among pregnant women and the influence of socio-demographic factors on malaria and anaemia prevalences in pregnant women in Biyam- Assi Yaounde. Information on socio-demographic factors was collected from 302 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in health institutions within the Biyem-Assi Health District of Yaounde VI subdivision using a pretested questionnaire. Peripheral blood was collected and thick smears were prepared for screening Plasmodium parasites. The level of hemoglobin was measured using a haemoglobinometer URIT- 12. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Out of the 302 women, 146 (51.7%) had Plasmodium falciparum infected red cells. Among the 146 infected women, 36% had mild parasitaemia, 45% had moderate parasitaemia and 19% had severe parasitaemia. The prevalence of anemia in the study population was 53%. There was no significant association between the severity of malaria and the severity of anaemia (p > 0, 05). Parity had a significant influence on the severity of malaria. The level of school education significantly (p < 0, 05) influenced the severity of anaemia. Multiparous women were more affected by malaria than primiparous women. However, in relation to disease severity, primiparous women parasitized by Plasmodium presented a significantly higher risk of severe malaria compared to multiparous women. Malaria and anaemia prevalences in the study population were high (>50%), anaemia severity was directly associated to level of education. We recommend that more sensitization of women should be done to reduce ignorance, prevent malaria and in turn reduce anaemia and improve on the health of mother and baby.

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Contents of Boric Acid in Noodles and Processed Foods

Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/bjrst.1975.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Zunika Amit ◽

MUHD HARIZ LUQMAN ABDUL RAHAMN ◽

Nur Nayli Nasuha Ahmad Rifen ◽

Nur Hazira Abdul Muti ◽

JIn Hui Ling

Keyword(s):

Boric Acid ◽

Food Processing ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Food Samples ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

High Concentration ◽

Food Preservative ◽

Food Manufacturing ◽

Food Texture

Boric acid is commonly used as pesticides, antifungal and antiseptics. It was also used as a food preservative to prolong the shelf life and enhance the food texture. In Malaysia, the addition of boric acid during food processing is prohibited due to its detrimental effect on health. In this study, noodles and fish-based processed food from different manufacturers were analysed for their boric acid concentrations by using the curcumin method. The results showed that there was high concentration of boric acid found in the noodles and fish-based processed food samples. The amount of boric acid detected in yellow noodles varied over the four weeks and amongst manufacturers. A similar pattern was also observed for ‘kuey teow’ (flat rice noodle) and ‘kolok’ noodle. The highest amount of boric acid concentrations was found in ‘kuey teow’ followed by yellow noodles and ‘kolok’ noodle. There was also inconsistency in the concentration of boric acid in fish cakes, fish balls and crab sticks. For fish-based products, crab stick contained the highest amount of boric acid followed by fish ball and fish cake. Even though the addition of boric acid to food is banned in Malaysia, the results of this study showed that boric acid is still being used as a food preservative in food manufacturing.

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Association of ultra-processed food consumption with cardiovascular mortality in the US population: long-term results from a large prospective multicenter study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47440/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guo-Chao Zhong ◽

Hai-Tao Gu ◽

Yang Peng ◽

Kang Wang ◽

You-Qi-Le Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Background: Ultra-processed foods have now become dominant in the global food system. Whether their consumption is associated with cardiovascular mortality remains controversial. Moreover, data on ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular outcomes are scarce in the US population. We aimed to examine the association of ultra-processed food consumption with cardiovascular mortality in a US population. Methods: A population-based cohort of 91891 participants was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Dietary data were collected through a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Ultra-processed foods were defined by the NOVA classification. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiovascular mortality. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to test nonlinearity. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify the potential effect modifiers. Results: After an average follow-up of 13.5 years (1236049.2 person-years), 5490 cardiovascular deaths were documented, including 3985 heart disease deaths and 1126 cerebrovascular deaths. In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest vs. the lowest quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption had higher risks of death from cardiovascular disease (HRquintile 5 vs. 1, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.36–1.64) and heart disease (HRquintile 5 vs. 1, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.50–1.87) but not cerebrovascular disease (HRquintile 5 vs. 1, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.76–1.17). A nonlinear dose–response pattern was observed for overall cardiovascular and heart disease mortality (all Pnonlinearity<0.05), with a threshold effect observed at ultra-processed food consumption of 2.4 servings/day and 2.3 servings/day, respectively; below the thresholds, no significant associations were observed for these two outcomes. Subgroup analyses showed that the increased risks of mortality from ultra-processed foods were significantly higher in women than in men (all Pinteraction<0.05). Conclusions: High consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with increased risks of overall cardiovascular and heart disease mortality. These harmful associations may be more pronounced in women. Our findings need to be confirmed in other populations and settings.

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