Elderly Women in Rural Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hamiduzzaman ◽  
Anita de Bellis ◽  
Wendy Abigail ◽  
Evdokia Kalaitzidis
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Government

In Bangladesh, one of the world’s poorest countries, a significant proportion of its most deprived citizens are elderly women living in rural areas, where healthcare access remains difficult. This article argues that as citizens, such elderly women, too, should have a constitutional right to healthcare access. Meeting this constitutional and human rights challenge is a joint obligation for the government and healthcare professionals. Yet, socio-economic discrimination and several cultural factors at individual, societal and institutional levels are known to limit access to healthcare services for elderly rural women in Bangladesh, who represent a highly vulnerable population group in Bangladesh regarding healthcare and healthcare access. This article first examines demographic ageing trends and then highlights key issues concerning the necessity of securing better healthcare for rural elderly women (REW) in Bangladesh.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AMONG THE RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Government

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.

Impact of Elected Women Representatives of Panchayati Raj in Physical and Financial and Business Assets Development of Rural Women: A Study among the Rural Women’s of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu[1]

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaichelvi Sivaraman ◽  
Rengasamy Stalin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panchayati Raj

This research paper is the part of Research Project entitled “Impact of Elected Women Representatives in the Life and Livelihood of the Women in Rural Areas: With Special Reference to Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu” funded by University of Madras under UGC-UPE Scheme.The 73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution of India were made by the government to strengthen the position of women and to create a local-level legal foundation for direct democracy for women in both rural and urban areas. The representation for women in local bodies through reservation policies amendment in Constitution of India has stimulated the political participation of women in rural areas. However, when it’s comes to the argument of whether the women reservation in Panchayati Raj helps or benefits to the life and livelihood development of women as a group? The answer is hypothetical because the studies related to the impact of women representatives of Panchayati Raj in the life and livelihood development of women was very less. Therefore, to fill the gap in existing literature, the present study was conducted among the rural women of Tiruvannamalai district to assess the impact of elected women representatives in the physical and financial and business development of the women in rural areas. The findings revealed that during the last five years because of the women representation in their village Panjayati Raj, the Physical Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (55.8%) and Highly (23.4%) and the Financial and Business Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (60.4%) and Highly (18.7%).

Women’s Participation in Panchayati Raj– An Analysis

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Laha
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Panchayati Raj

Women have been struggling for self-respect and autonomy. Although women constitute one half of the population, they continue to be subjugated, unequal in socioeconomic and political status.There have been several attempts to improve the position of women since India got independence in 1947. Since mid-1980 owing to questioning by women themselves about their oppressed status and plight through varied women’s movements, the issue of ‘women empowerment’ came into focus. The Government of India declared the year 2001 as year for the ‘Empowerment of Women’, but the struggle to reach this stage has been long and arduous. . It has also resulted in the entry of a large number of women in decision-making bodies in rural areas, who were otherwise homemakers. Political participation and grassroots democracy have been strengthened considerably by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment that has created new democratic institutions for local governance yet t women are facing the various problem in the functioning of panchayats. After getting the reservation in the panchayats, they are still depending on their husband or other male members of their family. So for knowing the status of women in the all level of panchayats in India, this paper is based on the secondary data and deals with the political participation and representation of the rural women in the panchayats in India. The theoretical perspective of the evolution of the panchayati raj system in India and the journey of the women in the local governance has also been explained in the study.Several factors which responsible for women’s low participation have been dealt with.In this context, the paper tries to analyse the government initiative for women’s empowerment in the Panchyats, an opportunity to come forward through reservation and highlighting the factors which overtly or covertly tend to prevent women members from performing their roles. Some necessary steps for empowering the women have been suggested.

Service sector creates jobs and problems for China

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come

Subject New unemployment data methodology. Significance China’s urban unemployment rate averaged just under 5% during the first half of 2018, according to new official statistics. The government claims that a new methodology adopted to produce them gauges the level of joblessness better than the previous, largely useless, figures. However, the new data still do not reveal the whole picture: they exclude workers in rural areas (nearly half the workforce) and mask instability in the urban job market. Impacts The growing number of workers in the gig economy will stage strikes and protests in order to improve their pay and working conditions. Rural women, the elderly, disabled and poorly educated workers in particular will struggle to find secure employment. Imbalances in the employment market will remain a serious challenge for the Chinese government for many years to come.

scholarly journals Economic empowerment of rural women through food processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-321
Author(s):  
Rashmee Yadav ◽  
Brij Vikash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The Government ◽  
Training Programmes

Rural women can play a significant role by their effectual and competent involvement in entrepreneurial activities. They have basic indigenous knowledge, skill and potential and resources to establish and manage enterprise. Income generating activities are effective instrument of social and economic development to generate employment for a number of farm women within their own social system and best tool for rural women as it adds to the family income. Women are backbone of any nation. Prosperity of the nation depends upon the prosperity of its women. Entrepreneurship is one of the ways for empowerment of women especially in rural areas and hence, promotion of women entrepreneurs is focused highly by the Government. Te food processing is one of the efforts initiated to promote value addition of fruits and vegetables especially for the unemployed, both men and women of the state. It focuses on need based short term skill training where participants learn from hands on training/ practices. The present study was undertaken to find out usefulness of fruits and vegetables preservation, milk and milk products training programme organized under rural youth training for self employment by the rural women. The study was conducted in Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The sample consisted of 20 women participants each training programmes. The data was collected through personal interview technique using interview schedule. Frequency and percentage were calculated for analyzing the data. The results indicated that the fruits and vegetables preservation training perceived as good and increased their knowledge, skill and efficiency about fruits and vegetables preservation.

scholarly journals Accessing health services in India: Experiences of seasonal migrants returning to Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Adhikary ◽  
Nirmal Aryal ◽  
Raja Ram Dhungana ◽  
Radheyshyam Krishna KC ◽  
Pramod Raj Regmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Migration to India is a common livelihood strategy for poor people in remote Western Nepal. To date, little research has explored the degree and nature of healthcare access among Nepali migrant workers in India. This study explores the experiences of returnee Nepali migrants with regard to accessing healthcare and the perspectives of stakeholders in the government, support organizations, and health providers working with migrant workers in India. Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) and 12 in-depth interviews with returnee migrants were conducted by trained moderators in six districts in Western Nepal in late 2017. A further nother 12 key persons working in the health and education sector were also interviewed. With the consent of the participants, FGDs and interviews were audio-recorded. They were then transcribed and translated into English and the data w ere as analysed thematically. Results: The interviewed returnee migrants worked in 15 of India’s 29 states, most as daily wage labourers. Most were from among the lowest castes so called-Dalits. Most migrants had had difficulty accessing healthcare services in India. The major barriers to access were the lack of insurance, low wages, not having an Indian identification card tied to individual biometrics so called: Aadhaar card. Other barriers were unsupportive employers, discrimination at healthcare facilities and limited information about the locations of healthcare services. Conclusions: Nepali migrants experience difficulties in accessing healthcare in India. Partnerships between the Nepali and Indian governments, migrant support organizations and relevant stakeholders such as healthcare providers, government agencies and employers should be strengthened so that this vulnerable population can access the healthcare they are entitled to. Keywords: Migrants, Returnees, Healthcare access, Qualitative research, Nepal, South Asia

scholarly journals Assessing medical impoverishment and associated factors in health care in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarech Guda Obse ◽  
John E. Ataguba
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments

Abstract Background About 5% of the global population, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries, is forced into poverty because of out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending. In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the share of OOP health spending in current health expenditure exceeds 35%, increasing the likelihood of impoverishment. In Ethiopia, OOP payments remained high at 37% of current health expenditure in 2016. This study aims to assess impoverishment resulting from OOP health spending in Ethiopia and examine the factors associated with this impoverishment.Methods This paper uses data from the Ethiopian Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2010/11. The HCES covered 10,368 rural and 17,664 urban households. OOP health spending includes spending on various outpatient and inpatient services. Impoverishing impact of OOP health spending was estimated by comparing poverty estimates before and after OOP health spending. A probit model was used to assess factors that are associated with impoverishment.Results Using the Ethiopian national poverty line of Birr 3,781 per person per year (equivalent to US$2.10 per day), OOP health spending pushed about 1.19% of the population (i.e. over 957,169 individuals) into poverty. Living in rural areas (highland, moderate, or lowland) increased the likelihood of impoverishment compared to residing in an urban area. Households headed by males and adults with formal education are less likely to be impoverished by OOP health spending, compared to their counterparts.Conclusion In Ethiopia, OOP health spending impoverishes a significant number of the population. Although the country had piloted and initiated many reforms, e.g. the fee waiver system and community-based health insurance, a significant proportion of the population still lacks financial protection. The estimates of impoverishment from out-of-pocket payments reported in this paper do not consider individuals that are already poor before paying out-of-pocket for health services. It is important to note that this population may either face deepening poverty or forgo healthcare services if a need arises. More is therefore required to provide financial protection to achieve universal health coverage in Ethiopia, where the informal sector is relatively large.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Income of Rural Women: An Evidence from District Faisalabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Rubina Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal ◽  
Allah Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The fundamental point of the investigation was to assess the effect of various components on the pay of rural women in the region Faisalabad. For this, a stratified sampling procedure was utilized. At the first stage, the Faisalabad district was chosen purposively. In the second stage, five regions of each class were chosen through a simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was comprised of 150 respondents. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to gather the information from chosen respondents through the personal interview technique. Descriptive Statistics were used to explore the socio-economic characteristics of rural women. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of different factors affecting the income of rural women. According to the estimated results, the age of the respondents has a positive and highly significant impact. This indicates that one year increase in the age of women would increase her income by 0.314 units. The estimated result of education described that for every one year in an increase in schooling year of women will increase the income by 0.191 unit. The variable of family sizes of the respondents has a significant and positive effect on the respondent’s income. Working hours of the respondents have a positive and significant effect on respondent’s income. The satisfaction of the respondents has a positive and significant effect on the respondent’s income. Female participation in the market increases with the growing levels of higher education. It is recommended that the government should provide education to the females especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Accessing health services in India: Experiences of seasonal migrants returning to Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Adhikary ◽  
Nirmal Aryal ◽  
Raja Ram Dhungana ◽  
Radheyshyam Krishna KC ◽  
Pramod Raj Regmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Migration to India is a common livelihood strategy for poor people in remote Western Nepal. To date, little research has explored the degree and nature of healthcare access among Nepali migrant workers in India. This study explores the experiences of returnee Nepali migrants with regard to accessing healthcare and the perspectives of stakeholders in the government, support organizations, and health providers working with migrant workers in India. Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) and 12 in-depth interviews with returnee migrants were conducted by trained moderators in six districts in Western Nepal in late 2017. A further 12 key persons working in the health and education sector were also interviewed. With the consent of the participants, FGDs and interviews were audio-recorded. They were then transcribed and translated into English and the data were analysed thematically.Results: The interviewed returnee migrants worked in 15 of India’s 29 states, most as daily wage labourers. Most were from among the lowest castes so called-Dalits. Most migrants had had difficulty accessing healthcare services in India. The major barriers to access were the lack of insurance, low wages, not having an Indian identification card tied to individual biometrics so called: Aadhaar card. Other barriers were unsupportive employers, discrimination at healthcare facilities and limited information about the locations of healthcare services. Conclusions: Nepali migrants experience difficulties in accessing healthcare in India. Partnerships between the Nepali and Indian governments, migrant support organizations and relevant stakeholders such as healthcare providers, government agencies and employers should be strengthened so that this vulnerable population can access the healthcare they are entitled to.

scholarly journals Accessing health services in India: Experiences of seasonal migrants returning to Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Adhikary ◽  
Nirmal Aryal ◽  
Raja Ram Dhungana ◽  
Radheyshyam Krishna KC ◽  
Pramod Raj Regmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Migration to India is a common livelihood strategy for poor people in remote Western Nepal. To date, little research has explored the degree and nature of healthcare access among Nepali migrant workers in India. This study explores the experiences of returnee Nepali migrants with regard to accessing healthcare and the perspectives of stakeholders in the government, support organizations, and health providers working with migrant workers in India.Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) and 12 in-depth interviews with returnee migrants were conducted by trained moderators in six districts in Western Nepal in late 2017. A further 12 stakeholders working in the health and education sector were also interviewed. With the consent of the participants, FGDs and interviews were audio-recorded. They were then transcribed and translated into English and the data were analysed thematically.Results: The interviewed returnee migrants worked in 15 of India’s 29 states, most as daily-wage labourers. Most were from among the lowest castes so called-Dalits. Most migrants had had difficulty accessing healthcare services in India. The major barriers to access were the lack of insurance, low wages, not having an Indian identification card tied to individual biometrics so called: Aadhaar card. Other barriers were unsupportive employers, discrimination at healthcare facilities and limited information about the locations of healthcare services.Conclusions: Nepali migrants experience difficulties in accessing healthcare in India. Partnerships between the Nepali and Indian governments, migrant support organizations and relevant stakeholders such as healthcare providers, government agencies and employers should be strengthened so that this vulnerable population can access the healthcare they are entitled to.

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