scholarly journals Two cases of septic shock with different outcomes caused by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052093345
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Meirong Huang ◽  
Zehui Chen ◽  
Anlin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sequence Types

In recent decades, increasing numbers of human infections have been linked to non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae. Septicemia resulting from non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae infection is rare but has high mortality. The pathogenesis of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae septicemia is poorly understood. Here, we report two sporadic cases of septicemia following non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae infection from an inland area of China. Patient 1 died rapidly within 24 hours, while patient 2 gradually recovered from septic shock. To explore the reasons for these divergent outcomes, we compared the two cases, tested the antibiotic sensitivity of the two isolates, and investigated their virulence genes and sequence types.

Genome analysis of Klebsiella oxytoca complex for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Long ◽  
Ya Hu ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Zhiyong Zong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sequence Types

Klebsiella oxytoca complex comprises nine closely-related species causing human infections. We curated genomes labeled Klebsiella (n=14,256) in GenBank and identified 588 belonging to the complex, which were examined for precise species, sequence types, K- and O-antigen types, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. The complex and Klebsiella pneumoniae share many K- and O-antigen types. Of the complex, K. oxytoca and Klebsiella michiganensis appear to carry more virulence genes and be more commonly associated with human infections.

Identification of virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae isolated from Iraq during the 2007–2009 outbreak

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahreer Hadi Saleh ◽  
Majeed Arsheed Sabbah ◽  
Kifah A. Jasem ◽  
Zuhair N. Hammad
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Environmental Isolates

Thousands of people were infected with Vibrio cholerae during the outbreak in Iraq in 2007–2009. Vibrio cholerae was shown to be variable in its content of virulence determinants and in its antibiotic sensitivity. This study was designed to isolate and characterize clinical and environmental V. cholerae isolates and to determine antibiotic sensitivity, enzyme and toxin production, and the presence of virulence genes. Eighty clinical and five environmental bacterial isolates were collected and diagnosed by subjecting them to microscopic, biochemical, serological, and molecular analysis. The results revealed that 55% of clinical isolates belonged to the Inaba serotype, 32.5% to the Ogawa serotypes, and 12.5% to the Non-O1 serotype. All environmental V. cholerae isolates belonged to the Non-O1 serotype. All environmental isolates were sensitive to all examined antimicrobial agents, while all clinical isolates showed a high sensitivity (100%) to ampicillin, gentamicin, cephalothin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin, and a high resistance (97.5%) to co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. It was found that all V. cholerae (O1) isolates were resistant to the Vibrio static O129 and all Non-O1 V. cholerae isolates were sensitive to the Vibrio static O129. All clinical and environmental isolates produced hemolysin (100%) and lecithinase (100%), while they showed various production rates of protease (90% of clinical and 60% of environmental) and lipase (50% of clinical and 20% of environmental). The ompW gene was amplified in all the clinical and environmental V. cholerae isolates, but not in other related and nonrelated bacteria. Multiplex PCR analysis showed that the toxR gene was amplified in all clinical and environmental isolates, while ctxA, ctxB, tcpA genes were amplified only in clinical (O1) isolates. This study indicates the differences in the production of some enzymes and toxins and in the content of virulence genes between clinical and environmental isolates in Iraq during the outbreak (2007–2009).

scholarly journals Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes and Genetic Relationships in Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae Aquatic Isolates from China

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 4987-4992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjuan Li ◽  
Pengcheng Du ◽  
Baisheng Li ◽  
Changwen Ke ◽  
Aiping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ctx Prophage ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACTNon-O1/O139Vibrio choleraeis naturally present in aquatic ecosystems and has been linked with cholera-like diarrhea and local outbreaks. The distribution of virulence-associated genes and genetic relationships among aquatic isolates from China are largely unknown. In this study, 295 aquatic isolates ofV. choleraenon-O1/O139 serogroups from different regions in China were investigated. Only one isolate was positive forctxBand harbored a rare genotype; 10 (3.4%) isolates carried several types ofrstRsequences, eight of which carried rare types of toxin-coregulated pili (tcpA). Furthermore, 16 (5.4%) isolates carried incomplete (with partial open reading frames [ORFs]) vibrio seventh pandemic island I (VSP-I) or VSP-II clusters, which were further classified as 11 novel types. PCR-based analyses revealed remarkable variations in the distribution of putative virulence genes, includingmshA(95.6%),hlyA(95.3%),rtxC(89.8%),rtxA(82.7%), IS1004 (52.9%),chxA(30.2%), SXT (15.3%), type III secretion system (18.0%), and NAG-ST (3.7%) genes. There was no correlation between the prevalence of putative virulence genes and that of CTX prophage or TCP genes, whereas there were correlations among the putative virulence genes. Further multilocus sequence typing (MLST) placed selected isolates (n= 70) into 69 unique sequence types (STs), which were different from those of the toxigenic O1 and O139 counterparts, and each isolate occupied a different position in the MLST tree. TheV. choleraenon-O1/O139 aquatic isolates predominant in China have high genotypic diversity; these strains constitute a reservoir of potential virulence genes, which may contribute to evolution of pathogenic isolates.

scholarly journals Virulence Profiling and Molecular Typing of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) from Human Sources in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriene Maria Ferreira Cavalcanti ◽  
Rodrigo Tavanelli Hernandes ◽  
Elizabeth Harummyy Takagi ◽  
Beatriz Ernestina Cabílio Guth ◽  
Érica de Lima Ori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Distinct Sequence ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sequence Types

Since no recent data characterizing Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from human infections in Brazil are available, the present study aimed to investigate serotypes, stx genotypes, and accessory virulence genes, and also to perform pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of 43 STEC strains recovered from 2007 to 2017. Twenty-one distinct serotypes were found, with serotype O111:H8 being the most common. However, serotypes less frequently reported in human diseases were also found and included a hybrid STEC/ETEC O100:H25 clone. The majority of the strains carried stx1a as the sole stx genotype and were positive for the eae gene. Regarding the occurrence of 28 additional virulence genes associated with plasmids and pathogenicity islands, a diversity of profiles was found especially among the eae-harboring strains, which had combinations of markers composed of up to 12 distinct genes. Although PFGE analysis demonstrated genetic diversity between serotypes such as O157:H7, O111:H8, O26:H11, O118:H16, and O123:H2, high genetic relatedness was found for strains of serotypes O24:H4 and O145:H34. MLST allowed the identification of 17 distinct sequence types (STs) with ST 16 and 21 being the most common ones. Thirty-five percent of the strains studied were not typeable by the currently used MLST approach, suggesting new STs. Although STEC O111:H8 remains the leading serotype in Brazil, a diversity of other serotypes, some carrying virulence genes and belonging to STs incriminated as causing severe disease, were found in this study. Further studies are needed to determine whether they have any epidemiological relevance.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN ASIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE STRAINS CIRCULATING IN OTHER CONTINENTS DURING THE SEVENTH CHOLERA PANDEMIC

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Lomov ◽  
N. R. Telesmanich ◽  
I. T. Andrusenko ◽  
E. A. Moskvitina ◽  
O. A. Areshina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Vibrio Cholera ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Existence Conditions ◽  
El Tor

The review deals with the properties of Vibrio cholerae (classical, El Tor, 0139, non-01/non-0139 strains) circulating worldwide during the seventh cholera pandemic. Particular attention is given to the variability in the cholera pathogen: the replacement of classical Vibrio cholerae by the El Tor biotype and subsequently the emergence of serogroup Vibrio cholerae 0139 and genetically altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae; the causes giving rise to these changes and spread of Vibrio cholera in the countries of the Asian continent. A large genetic variability found in Asian strains suggests that there is a real possibility of the emergence of new clones with new properties, including those with an epidemic potential. The Vibrio cholerae strains, that periodically appear in Asia and have an epidemic potential and new properties, spread over all continents, by causing cholera infection. The cholera pathogen adapts to new existence conditions in some cases, by altering some properties and, by having been rooted in a certain area, causes mainly sporadic cases of the disease. These Vibrio cholerae strains, unlike the Asian strains (the pathogens of the seventh pandemic), may be virulent, by preserving the virulence genes in the genome; however, they are, in most cases, non-endemic and unable to spread widely.

scholarly journals Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Grünzweil ◽  
Lauren Palmer ◽  
Adriana Cabal ◽  
Michael P. Szostak ◽  
Werner Ruppitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Sequence Types

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

Clinical features of meningococcal infection in children during the epidemic upsurge in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 1-2 (211-212) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Madina Kaldybayeva ◽  
◽  
Raushan Idrissova ◽  
Zinaidy Urikbaeva ◽  
Sergey Khokhulya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Mixed Form ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Red Flag

In the Repiblic of Kazakhstan in 2018, there was an increase in generalized meningococcal infection (GFMI), which potentially has a risk of high mortality. The aim of the study was to study the clinical features of generalized meningococcal infection (meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal meningitis and mixed-form meningococcal meningitis) during the epidemic upsurge, as well as to evaluate early symptoms of the disease according to new international criteria, 2018. Material and methods. The article describes 59 children aged from 5 months. up to 16 years old. Of these, 35 children (26 boys) with generalized meningococcal infection (GMI): 1 group, age from 0.5 to 10 years with meningitis and meningococcemia (combined GMI) and 2 group, age from 2 to 16 years with meningococcemia - 24 (15 boys). All children underwent a complete clinical and laboratory examination. All children with a retrospective assessment of "red flag" symptoms was performed according to the latest recommendations supported by who the Severity of combined GMI and isolated meningococcemia is almost identical in mortality (8.6% for combined meningitis and meningococcemia and 8.4% for isolated meningococcemia). Results and discussion. In combined GMI, the severity is determined by pleocytosis in the CSF and correlates with inflammatory blood parameters; in isolated meningococcemia, the severity is due to symptoms of shock, primarily cardiovascular insufficiency. Conclusions. Red flag symptoms are particularly significant in children over 3 years of age and adolescents and are specific predictors of septic shock, especially in isolated meningococcemia (83%), but to a slightly lesser extent in combined GMI (71%). Keywords: generalized meningococcal infection, children, epidemic upsurge, meningococcemia, meningitis.

scholarly journals Genomic Characteristics of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 in New Caledonia Prior to the Introduction of PCV13

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117793222096210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Hanachi ◽  
Anmol Kiran ◽  
Jennifer Cornick ◽  
Emna Harigua-Souiai ◽  
Dean Everett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sequence Types

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is a common cause of global invasive pneumococcal disease. In New Caledonia, serotype 1 is the most prevalent serotype and led to two major outbreaks reported in the 2000s. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13) was introduced into the vaccination routine, intending to prevent the expansion of serotype 1 in New Caledonia. Aiming to provide a baseline for monitoring the post-PCV13 changes, we performed a whole-genome sequence analysis on 67 serotype 1 isolates collected prior to the PCV13 introduction. To highlight the S. pneumoniae serotype 1 population structure, we performed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealing that NC serotype 1 consisted of 2 sequence types: ST3717 and the highly dominant ST306. Both sequence types harbored the same resistance genes to beta-lactams, macrolide, streptogramin B, fluoroquinolone, and lincosamide antibiotics. We have also identified 36 virulence genes that were ubiquitous to all the isolates. Among these virulence genes, the pneumolysin sequence presented an allelic profile associated with disease outbreaks and reduced hemolytic activity. Moreover, recombination hotspots were identified in 4 virulence genes and more notably in the cps locus ( cps2L), potentially leading to capsular switching, a major mechanism of the emergence of nonvaccine types. In summary, this study represents the first overview of the genomic characteristics of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 in New Caledonia prior to the introduction of PCV13. This preliminary description represents a baseline to assess the impact of PCV13 on serotype 1 population structure and genomic diversity.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance of Canine UropathogenicEscherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa E. LeCuyer ◽  
Barbara A. Byrne ◽  
Joshua B. Daniels ◽  
Dubraska V. Diaz-Campos ◽  
G. Kenitra Hammac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extraintestinal Disease ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTEscherichia coliis the most common cause of human and canine urinary tract infection (UTI). Clonal groups, often with high levels of antimicrobial resistance, are a major component of theE. colipopulation that causes human UTI. While little is known about the population structure ofE. colithat causes UTI in dogs, there is evidence that dogs and humans can share fecal strains ofE. coliand that human-associated strains can cause disease in dogs. In order to better characterize theE. colistrains that cause canine UTI, we analyzed 295E. coliisolates obtained from canine urine samples from five veterinary diagnostic laboratories and analyzed their multilocus sequence types, phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, and virulence-associated gene repertoires. Sequence type 372 (ST372), an infrequent human pathogen, was the predominant sequence type in dogs at all locations. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates withblaCTX-Mgenes were uncommon in canine isolates but when present were often associated with sequence types that have been described in human infections. This provides support for occasional cross-host-species sharing of strains that cause extraintestinal disease and highlights the importance of understanding the role of companion animals in the overall transmission patterns of extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovar Ndolo isolated from outbreaks in cattle and horses

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pantuzza Ramos ◽  
Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier ◽  
Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal ◽  
Elias Jorge Facury Filho ◽  
Antonio Ultimo de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe and characterize, for the first time, two outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Ndolo in foals and calves in Brazil and compare the isolated strains with S. Ndolo previously identified in asymptomatic reptiles. The affected calves and foals presented fever, lethargy, and profuse diarrhea. Isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, characterized according to virulence genes, and fingerprinted by ERIC-PCR. Salmonella Ndolo was identified in fecal samples from two foals and four calves. One isolate from a calf was resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and florfenicol. Strains from two other calves were resistant to oxytetracycline. All virulence genes tested were present in the isolates, and two major clusters of closely related strains were identified by ERIC-PCR, each per outbreak. This is the first report of Salmonella Ndolo infection in domestic and symptomatic animals. Previously, this serovar had been identified only in human infections. The presence of relevant virulence genes in all Salmonella Ndolo isolates and the detection of antimicrobial multi-resistant strains highlighted the importance of monitoring serovars associated with salmonellosis in domestic animals.

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