Increase of Mortality Kate of Cancer of the Larynx in the Town of Torino and in Italy since 1951.

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Terracini ◽  
Guido Pastore ◽  
Sergio Coverlizza
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The Town

Mortality rates of cancer of the larynx in the town of Torino, in the whole of Italy and in France during 1950–71 are reported. Age standardized mortality rates as well as mortality rates truncated to the period 35–64 years of age are reported in Table 1 for males and in Table 2 for females. Graph 1 represents age specific mortality rates for cancer of the larynx in the three areas in 1966–67. Graphs 2, 3 and 4 report mortality rates in males in the three ares for cohort of birth. All rates are annual/100.000. An increase of mortality for cancer of the larynx in men is well documented in the town of Torino. From 1951 to 1966 the mortality rate truncated to age 35–64 increased from 6.3 to 12.0. The proportion of mortality for cancer of the larynx/mortality for all cancers during the same period increased from 3.1 % to 5.4%. In Italy, the mortality rate in men aged 35–64 was 6.5 in 1952 and 9.3 in 1967: during the same period the proportion of mortality for cancer of the larynx/mortality for all cancers increased from 3.8 % to 4.4 %. In France, the tendency to an increase of mortality for laryngeal cancer after 1951 was absent or debatable, although both the mortality rates of cancer of the larynx and the proportion of mortality for cancer of the larynx/mortality for all cancers were consistently higher than in Italy or in Torino. However, in 1966–67 at ages 35–44 the mortality rate for cancer of the larynx in men was higher in Torino than in France (Graph 1).

scholarly journals Drug Overdose Trends among Black Indiana Residents: 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raven Helmick
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Overdose Deaths

ObjectiveTo understand trends in race-specific mortality rates between blacks and whites to discover any racial inequalities that might exist for drug overdose deaths. To delve into the types of drugs that are prominently involved in black drug overdose deaths from 2013-2017 in the state of Indiana.IntroductionBlack Hoosiers, the largest minority population in Indiana, make up almost 10% of the state’s population, and accounted for 8% of the total resident drug overdose deaths from 2013-2017 compared to whites at 91%. However, a closer look at race-specific mortality rates might reveal racial inequalities. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to analyze drug overdose morality rates among white and black Hoosiers to discover possible racial inequalities and to discover trends in drug involvement in overdose deaths among blacks.MethodsDrug overdose deaths that occurred in Indiana between 2013 and 2017 were identified using the underlying and contributing cause of death ICD-10 codes and abstracted from the Indiana State Department of Health’s annual finalized mortality dataset. Race-specific drug overdose death rates were calculated and compared among racial groups. Drug overdose deaths in blacks were examined for trends over time and by the types of drugs involved.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2017, drug overdose mortality rates for whites increased from 17.05 to 27.28 per 100,000. Blacks saw a higher rate increase during this same time frame: from 10.74 to 30.62 per 100,000, surpassing the mortality rate of whites by the end of 2017. Drug overdose deaths in blacks increased 197% from 2013-2017 and drug specific mortality rate increases were seen across all drug category’s. Opioids, which were involved in 61% of the 2017 drug overdose deaths among blacks, had a rate increase from 3.05 to 18.62 per 100,000 between 2013 and 2017. Drug specific overdose mortality rate increases were also seen for overdoses involving cocaine (1.76 to 10.62 per 100,000), benzodiazepines (0.32 to 3.08 per 100,000), and psychostimulants other than cocaine (0.16 to 1.69 per 100,000) such as amphetamines.ConclusionsWhile white Hoosiers had higher drug overdose mortality rates between 2013 and 2016, black Hoosiers had a greater mortality rate increase and surpassed the mortality rate in whites in 2017. Opioids, the most frequently involved substance in overdose deaths among blacks from 2013-2017, showed increasing rates during this time period. However, increases in drug specific overdose mortality rates for cocaine, benzodiazepines, and psychostimulants other than cocaine also call for public health attention. These results promote the inclusion of minority health experts in drug overdose prevention efforts and issue a call for future prevention efforts to be targeted toward the state’s largest minority population. 

scholarly journals Mortality, causes of death and influence of medication use in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus vs matched controls

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Irene E M Bultink ◽  
Frank de Vries ◽  
Ronald F van Vollenhoven ◽  
Arief Lalmohamed
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Objectives We wanted to estimate the magnitude of the risk from all-cause, cause-specific and sex-specific mortality in patients with SLE and relative risks compared with matched controls and to evaluate the influence of exposure to medication on risk of mortality in SLE. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics and national death certificates (from 1987 to 2012). Each SLE patient (n = 4343) was matched with up to six controls (n = 21 780) by age and sex. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate overall and cause-specific mortality rate ratios. Results Patients with SLE had a 1.8-fold increased mortality rate for all-cause mortality compared with age- and sex-matched subjects [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.08]. The HR was highest in patients aged 18–39 years (adjusted HR = 4.87, 95% CI: 1.93, 12.3). Mortality rates were not significantly different between male and female patients. Cumulative glucocorticoid use raised the mortality rate, whereas the HR was reduced by 45% with cumulative low-dose HCQ use. Patients with SLE had increased cause-specific mortality rates for cardiovascular disease, infections, non-infectious respiratory disease and for death attributable to accidents or suicide, whereas the mortality rate for cancer was reduced in comparison to controls. Conclusion British patients with SLE had a 1.8-fold increased mortality rate compared with the general population. Glucocorticoid use and being diagnosed at a younger age were associated with an increased risk of mortality. HCQ use significantly reduced the mortality rate, but this association was found only in the lowest cumulative dosage exposure group.

scholarly journals Stroke Mortality Trends in the Population of Klaipėda From 1994 to 2008

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrikas Kazlauskas ◽  
Nijolė Raškauskienė ◽  
Rima Radžiuvienė ◽  
Vinsas Janušonis
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
World Population ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Permanent Residents

The objective of the study was to evaluate the trends in stroke mortality in the population of Klaipėda aged 35–79 years from 1994 to 2008. Material and Methods. Mortality data on all permanent residents of Klaipėda aged 35–79 years who died from stroke in 1994–2008 were gathered for the study. All death certificates of permanent residents of Klaipėda aged 35–79 years who died during 1994–2008 were examined in this study. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 codes 430–436, and ICD-10 codes I60–I64) was used. Sex-specific mortality rates were standardized according to the Segi’s world population; all the mortality rates were calculated per 100 000 population per year. Trends in stroke mortality were estimated using log-linear regression models. Sex-specific mortality rates and trends were calculated for 3 age groups (35–79, 35–64, and 65–79 years). Results. During the entire study period (1994–2008), a marked decline in stroke mortality with a clear slowdown after 2002 was observed. The average annual percent changes in mortality rates for men and women aged 35–79 years were –4.6% (P=0.041) and –6.5% (P=0.002), respectively. From 1994 to 2002, the stroke mortality rate decreased consistently among both Klaipėda men and women aged 35–64 years (20.4% per year, P=0.002, and 14.7% per year, P=0.006, respectively) and in the elderly population aged 65–79 years (13.8% per year, P=0.005; and 12% per year, P=0.019). During 2003–2008, stroke mortality increased by 16.3% per year in middle-aged men (35–64 years), whereas among women (aged 35–64 and 65–79 years) and elderly men (aged 65–79 years), the age-adjusted mortality rate remained relatively unchanged. Conclusions. Among both men and women, the mortality rates from stroke sharply declined between 1994 and 2008 with a clear slowdown in the decline after 2002. Stroke mortality increased significantly among middle-aged men from 2003, while it remained without significant changes among women of the same age and both elderly men and women.

Long-term cancer survival in cohorts of U.S. health professionals.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12075-12075
Author(s):  
En Cheng ◽  
Donghoon Lee ◽  
Rulla M Tamimi ◽  
Susan Hankinson ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Uterine Corpus ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Index Cancer

12075 Background: Few studies have investigated long-term survival and causes of death among men and women diagnosed with major cancers. Methods: We estimated overall and cause-specific mortality rates for men diagnosed with prostate, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, bladder, and melanoma cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study between 1986-2010+, and women with breast, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, uterine corpus, thyroid, and ovarian cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) between 1976-2010+ and NHS II between 1989-2010+. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate cumulative mortality rates at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years and competing risk methods were used to calculate cumulative cancer-specific mortality rates of major causes at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years. Additionally, among women 40-year mortality rates were calculated. Results: Except for lung and ovarian, most major cancer patients are more likely to die from other causes than the index cancer. We observed two basic patterns for cumulative cancer-specific mortality rates. The first pattern is greatly diminished risk of index cancer-specific mortality 10 years or more following diagnosis - for colorectal cancer, cancer-specific mortality rate increased by less than 3% between 10 to 30- or 40-year following diagnosis (among men, from 35.1% to 36.7%; among women, from 34.8% to 37.7%), and this pattern also applied to bladder, melanoma, or uterine corpus cancer. The second one is sustained, but nevertheless low, excess risk - prostate cancer-specific mortality rate increased gradually and almost linearly from 5.3% to 15.1% after diagnosis from 5 to 30 years, and for breast cancer, it increased likewise from 7.2% to 18.9% after diagnosis from 5 to 40 years. Conclusions: Except for lung and ovarian cancers, patients diagnosed with major cancers were more likely to die from causes other than cancer. Colorectal, bladder, melanoma or uterine corpus cancer patients surviving more than 10 years after diagnosis are unlikely to ever die from that disease. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Comparison of the specific mortality rates in town and country districts of Scotland since 1871

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barclay ◽  
W. O. Kermack ◽  
A. G. McKendrick
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Town

1. An analysis by the “generation mortality” method of the specific mortality rates of the urban and rural areas of Scotland for various calendar periods from 1871 onwards shows that the “diagonal law” previously demonstrated for the population of Scotland as a whole, as well as for certain other European countries, holds for these two subdivisions of the community.2. Reasons are given for the assumption that the normalized “generation mortality coefficients” (α values) may be taken as a rough measure of the “healthiness” of the environmental conditions which obtained during the childhood of the generation to which they refer. This affords a basis for the comparison of the “healthiness” of the environment of town and country at different periods in the past.3. Whereas in the earlier half of the nineteenth century the ratio of the α values of country to town was in the neighbourhood of 0·6, indicating that the health conditions in the country might be said to be almost twice as good as in the towns, in 1931 it had risen to almost unity, showing that by that time the town had almost if not quite made up on the country. During this period both town and country conditions showed remarkable improvements, which are reflected in falls of the respective α (× 1000) values in the country from about 12 and in the town from over 20 in 1841, to a common level of about 4·7 in 1931.4. The essential vagueness of the conception of the “healthiness” of an environment is emphasized. It is consequently necessary not to attach too great importance to the estimate of the date, but the figures given in Table 5 confirm the conclusion that, as regards “healthiness”, between 1930 and 1935 conditions in town and country had become nearly equal.

scholarly journals Why Residents of South China live longer than those of North China?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
yi huang ◽  
Mengqi Wang ◽  
Yanxin Song ◽  
Shuangping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
North And South

Abstract Background: Since 1990, life expectancy and nonagenarian ratio in South China have been higher than those in North China.Methods: To determine the reason residents of South China live longer, we calculated age-specific mortality rates (per 100,000 people) in North and South China. We examined the associations between the provincial mortality rates due to major fatal diseases and life span indicator.Results: CVD is the leading cause of death in China. The proportion of CVD in all-cause mortality increases with age, and its mortality rate accounts for over 50% of all-cause mortalities in people aged over 80 years. Moreover, the mortality rate of CVD gradually decreases from north to south, indicating the main reason of difference in longevity between North and South China. This difference can be attributed to variations in temperature, salt consumption, selenium intake, air pollution, overweight and obesity between the two regions. Lower mortality rates of individuals aged 55–89 years in South China lead to higher longevity level. Provincial gravity centers of the proportion of longevity population move southward, and this shift is accelerated with increasing age.Conclusions: the mortality rate of CVD gradually decreases from north to south is the reason residents of South China live longer, and risk factors of CVD gradually decreases from north to south.

Effects of Constant Temperatures and Diel Temperature Fluctuations on Specific Growth and Mortality Rates and Yield of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson ◽  
Charles F. Kleiner ◽  
Todd W. Thorslund
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Specific Mortality

Specific growth and mortality rates of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined for 50 days at seven constant temperatures between 8 and 22 °C and six diel temperature fluctuations (sine curve of amplitude ±3.8 deg C about mean temperatures from 12 to 22 °C). For constant temperature treatments the maximum specific growth rate of trout fed excess rations was 5.12%/day at 17.2 °C. An average specific mortality rate of 0.35%/day was observed at the optimum temperature and lower. At temperatures in excess of the growth optimum, mortality rates were significantly higher during the first 20 days of this experiment than the last 30 days. The highest constant temperature at which specific growth and mortality rates became equal (initial biomass remained constant over 40 days) was 23 °C. The upper incipient lethal temperature was 25.6 °C for trout acclimated to 16 °C. A yield model was developed to describe the effects of temperature on the living biomass over time and to facilitate comparison of treatment responses. When yield was plotted against mean temperature, the curve of response to fluctuating temperatures was shifted horizontally an average 1.5 deg C towards colder temperatures than the curve of response to constant temperature treatments. This response pattern to fluctuating treatments indicates that rainbow trout do not respond to mean temperature, but they acclimate to some value between the mean and maximum daily temperatures. These data are discussed in relation to establishment of criteria for summer maximum temperatures for fish. Key words: constant temperature, fluctuating temperature, specific growth rate, specific mortality rate, yield, lethal temperature, zero net biomass, rainbow trout, thermal criteria

Mortality from Esophageal Cancer in Piedmont, Italy

1977 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Guido Pastore ◽  
Roberto Vigliani ◽  
Benedetto Terracini
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nonmetropolitan Areas ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
The Town

Piedmont is located at the borderline between Italy (where mortality from esophageal cancer is relatively low) and France and Switzerland (where it is relatively high). Therefore, it seemed of interest to investigate the mortality from this cancer in Piedmont. Age-adjusted yearly mortality rates for 1965–1969 were 4.3 and 0.8 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. Rates were very similar in the town of Torino, in the 23 suburbs of the first belt, in the nonmetropolitan areas of the province of Torino, and in the other 5 provinces of Piedmont. In both sexes, the rates did not differ from those observed in Italy during 1966–1967, whereas rates for males were lower than the national rates for France and Switzerland (14.0 and 8.5/100,000/year, respectively). Rates for males were also lower than in the adjacent French departments of Savoie, Haute-Savoie, and Isère (where in 1967–1968 they ranged between 9 and 16). Mortality rates from esophageal cancer in the town of Torino were constant from 1951–1971. During the same period, mortality from laryngeal cancer in men doubled. This suggests that although some etiological agents (alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking) are common to esophageal and laryngeal cancer, the interplay between these 2 factors as well as that with other carcinogens is different for the 2 types of cancer.

scholarly journals The trend in the mortality rate and life expectancy of the employable age population in Kuzbass (2011–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
Olga I. Baran ◽  
Natalya M. Zhilina ◽  
Valeriy A. Ryabov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Urban Settlements

The mortality rate and life expectancy are the most important characteristics of public health, depending on the country’s socio-economic development, living conditions, and the quality of the living environment. At the state level, excess mortality at the working-age is recognized as an important reason for the low life expectancy of Russians. The objective of the study is to analyze the trend in the mortality rate and life expectancy of the employable age population of the Kemerovo region during 2011-2018. Material and methods. To estimate the mortality rate, the general and age-specific mortality rates, mortality rates by significant classes and individual causes of death were used. The life expectancy of the employable age population was calculated using temporary mortality tables based on age-specific mortality rates. A graphic analysis of the dynamics of age-specific mortality rates and the life expectancy in men and women of employable age in urban settlements, rural areas and the entire population of the Kemerovo region was carried out over five-year age intervals for 2011-2018. Statistical data obtained on the website of Rosstat. Results. In 2018, in the Kemerovo region, the mortality rate of 40-44 year men in urban settlements, 35-44 years old in rural areas, and women 35-44 years old in urban settlements and rural areas exceeded the level of 2011, which negatively affected the dynamics of life expectancy. In rural areas, due to these age groups, the life expectancy in men decreased by 0.57, women - by 0.41 years. Losses in urban settlements were minor. Conclusion. When developing regional socio-demographic programs, it is necessary to consider the identified features of mortality of the employable age population. An increase in life expectancy is impossible without overcoming the socio-economic crisis, improving health care financing, and increasing the availability and quality of medical care. A person should be interested in improving his health, saving his life. It is necessary to raise the level of culture, education, change the mentality.

scholarly journals Why Residents of South China live longer than those of North China?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
yi huang ◽  
Mengqi Wang ◽  
Yanxin Song ◽  
Shuangping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
North And South

Abstract Background, Since 1990, life expectancy and nonagenarian ratio in South China have been higher than those in North China. Methods, To determine the reason residents of South China live longer, we calculated age-specific mortality rates (per 100,000 people) in North and South China. We examined the associations between the provincial mortality rates due to major fatal diseases and life span indicator. Results, CVD is the leading cause of death in China. The proportion of CVD in all-cause mortality increases with age, and its mortality rate accounts for over 50% of all-cause mortalities in people aged over 80 years. Moreover, the mortality rate of CVD gradually decreases from north to south, indicating the main reason of difference in longevity between North and South China. This difference can be attributed to variations in temperature, salt consumption, selenium intake, air pollution, overweight and obesity between the two regions. Lower mortality rates of individuals aged 55–89 years in South China lead to higher longevity level. Provincial gravity centers of the proportion of longevity population move southward, and this shift is accelerated with increasing age. Conclusions, the mortality rate of CVD gradually decreases from north to south is the reason residents of South China live longer, and risk factors of CVD gradually decreases from north to south.

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