scholarly journals Effect of Vertical Stretching on the Extraction of Mean Identity From Faces

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bagaïni ◽  
Graham Hole
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Identity Information ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Face Stimuli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Trial Participants

Observers can extract the mean identity from a set of faces and falsely recognise it as a genuine set member. The current experiment demonstrated that this ‘perceptual averaging’ also occurs with vertically stretched faces. On each trial, participants decided whether a target face was present in a preceding set of four faces. In the control condition, the faces were all normally proportioned; in the stretched set condition, the face sets were stretched but the targets were normal; and in the stretched target condition, the face sets were normal but the targets were stretched. In all three conditions, participants falsely identified the set mean as a face that had been presented within the set, implying that this identity-averaging effect is based on high-level identity information rather than the low-level physical characteristics of the face stimuli.

scholarly journals High-Speed Railway Clearance Intrusion Detection with Improved SSD Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqing Guo ◽  
Jiafeng Shi ◽  
Liqiang Zhu ◽  
Zujun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
L1 Norm ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Model Size ◽  
Public Dataset ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

With the rapid development of high-speed railways, any objects intruding railway clearance will do great threat to railway operations. Accurate and effective intrusion detection is very important. An original Single Shot multibox Detector (SSD) can be used to detect intruding objects except small ones. In this paper, high-level features are deconvolved to low-level and fused with original low-level features to enhance their semantic information. By this way, the mean average precision (mAP) of the improved SSD algorithm is increased. In order to decrease the parameters of the improved SSD network, the L1 norm of convolution kernel is used to prune the network. Under this criterion, both the model size and calculation load are greatly reduced within the permitted precision loss. Experiments show that the mAP of our method on PASCAL VOC public dataset and our railway datasets have increased by 2.52% and 4.74% respectively, when compared to the original SSD. With our method, the elapsed time of each frame is only 31 ms on GeForce GTX1060.

scholarly journals The dynamics of visual adaptation to faces

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1566) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Leopold ◽  
Gillian Rhodes ◽  
Kai-Markus Müller ◽  
Linda Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
The Face ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Face Stimuli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Face Adaptation

Several recent demonstrations using visual adaptation have revealed high-level aftereffects for complex patterns including faces. While traditional aftereffects involve perceptual distortion of simple attributes such as orientation or colour that are processed early in the visual cortical hierarchy, face adaptation affects perceived identity and expression, which are thought to be products of higher-order processing. And, unlike most simple aftereffects, those involving faces are robust to changes in scale, position and orientation between the adapting and test stimuli. These differences raise the question of how closely related face aftereffects are to traditional ones. Little is known about the build-up and decay of the face aftereffect, and the similarity of these dynamic processes to traditional aftereffects might provide insight into this relationship. We examined the effect of varying the duration of both the adapting and test stimuli on the magnitude of perceived distortions in face identity. We found that, just as with traditional aftereffects, the identity aftereffect grew logarithmically stronger as a function of adaptation time and exponentially weaker as a function of test duration. Even the subtle aspects of these dynamics, such as the power-law relationship between the adapting and test durations, closely resembled that of other aftereffects. These results were obtained with two different sets of face stimuli that differed greatly in their low-level properties. We postulate that the mechanisms governing these shared dynamics may be dissociable from the responses of feature-selective neurons in the early visual cortex.

scholarly journals Distraction biases working memory for faces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remington Mallett ◽  
Anurima Mummaneni ◽  
Jarrod Lewis-Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Maintenance Period ◽  
Stimulus Space ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Working memory persists in the face of distraction, yet not without consequence. Previous research has shown that memory for low-level visual features is systematically influenced by the maintenance or presentation of a similar distractor stimulus. Responses are frequently biased in stimulus space towards a perceptual distractor, though this has yet to be determined for high-level stimuli. We investigated whether these influences are shared for complex visual stimuli such as faces. To quantify response accuracies for these stimuli, we used a delayed-estimation task with a computer-generated “face space” consisting of eighty faces that varied continuously as a function of age and sex. In a set of three experiments, we found that responses for a target face held in working memory were biased towards a distractor face presented during the maintenance period. The amount of response bias did not vary as a function of distance between target and distractor. Our data suggest that, similar to low-level visual features, high-level face representations in working memory are biased by the processing of related but task-irrelevant information.

scholarly journals THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION IN ANALYZING ENGLISH TEXT OF THE MA DARUL FURQAN NW MENGKURU GRADERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mul Muliadi
Keyword(s):  
English Text ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

This research is aimed to measure the students’ compression in analyzing English text for the students of MA Darul Furqan NW Mengkuru. The students’ comprehension in analyzing English text for the tenth year students of MA Darul Furqan NW Mengkuru are in average level. It can be seen from the mean score of the students that is 31.35 in which this number belongs average level. The percentages of successes of students’ comprehension in analyzing English text for the tenth year students of MA Darul Furqan NW Mengkuru are low. After the scores were classified for the students’ comprehension in analyzing English text, the researcher found 4 students who got very high score. It means that there were 13.33% of them were categorized very high level. Furthermore, there were 4 students who got high level; it means that there were 13.33% of students who were categorized high level. There were7 students who got sufficient level; it means that there were 23.33% of students who were categorized high level, and there were 15 students who got low level; it means that there were 50% of students who were categorized low level, moreover, there were none of students who got very. 

scholarly journals Cloud climatologies from the infrared sounders AIRS and IASI: strengths and applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 13625-13644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia J. Stubenrauch ◽  
Artem G. Feofilov ◽  
Sofia E. Protopapadaki ◽  
Raymond Armante
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Global cloud climatologies have been built from 13 years of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and 8 years of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations, using an updated Clouds from Infrared Sounders (CIRS) retrieval. The CIRS software can handle any infrared (IR) sounder data. Compared to the original retrieval, it uses improved radiative transfer modelling, accounts for atmospheric spectral transmissivity changes associated with CO2 concentration and incorporates the latest ancillary data (atmospheric profiles, surface temperature and emissivities). The global cloud amount is estimated to be 0.67–0.70, for clouds with IR optical depth larger than about 0.1. The spread of 0.03 is associated with ancillary data. Cloud amount is partitioned into about 40 % high-level clouds, 40 % low-level clouds and 20 % mid-level clouds. The latter two categories are only detected in the absence of upper clouds. The A-Train active instruments, lidar and radar of the CALIPSO and CloudSat missions, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the retrieved AIRS cloud properties. CIRS cloud height can be approximated either by the mean layer height (for optically thin clouds) or by the mean between cloud top and the height at which the cloud reaches opacity. This is valid for high-level as well as for low-level clouds identified by CIRS. IR sounders are particularly advantageous to retrieve upper-tropospheric cloud properties, with a reliable cirrus identification, day and night. These clouds are most abundant in the tropics, where high opaque clouds make up 7.5 %, thick cirrus 27.5 % and thin cirrus about 21.5 % of all clouds. The 5 % annual mean excess in high-level cloud amount in the Northern compared to the Southern Hemisphere has a pronounced seasonal cycle with a maximum of 25 % in boreal summer, in accordance with the moving of the ITCZ peak latitude, with annual mean of 4° N, to a maximum of 12° N. This suggests that this excess is mainly determined by the position of the ITCZ. Considering interannual variability, tropical cirrus are more frequent relative to all clouds when the global (or tropical) mean surface gets warmer. Changes in relative amount of tropical high opaque and thin cirrus with respect to mean surface temperature show different geographical patterns, suggesting that their response to climate change might differ.

scholarly journals TEACHING METHODS, ACHIEVEMENT AND HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) AMONG ACCOUNTING STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (33) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Norlia Mat Norwani ◽  
Rohaila Yusof ◽  
Rusliza Yahya ◽  
Zuriadah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Quantitative Skills ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Order Thinking

The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between Accounting teachers’ use of various teaching methods with achievement and high order thinking skills (HOTS) of Principles of Accounting students. Samples are formed four students from schools in the Batang Padang district in Perak, Malaysia. The objectives of the study are to determine the level of practice of teaching methods, student achievement, and HOTS, the difference of the variables based on gender and quantitative skills and the correlation between teacher teaching methods and student achievement and HOTS. The practice of teaching methods is divided into three constructs namely teaching activities, teaching aids, and teaching and facilitating. The findings show that the mean level of teaching activities is 3.79 (high), teaching aids 4.41 (high) and teaching and facilitating 3.57 (moderate). The overall level of students' achievement is 57.26% at a moderate level. The mean of low-level thinking skills is 5.49, medium-level 32.97 and high-level 13.31. Based on gender, students’ achievement and HOTS differ significantly with male students showing higher scores. Based on the students' quantitative skills, teaching and facilitating, low-level thinking skills and high-level thinking skills show significant differences. The Pearson correlation test between teaching aids and low-level thinking skills showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.260, p <0.05). Based on the findings, grouping activities such as cooperative learning and systematic practice modules are expected to enhance Accounting students’ mastery and HOTS. The use of game-based learning and interactive teaching methods will have a better impact on students’ learning considering their high interest in such activities. Adequate infra and info structures and tools that facilitate the use of ICT in teaching and facilitating should be made available. Teachers should also ensure variability in teaching activities and teaching aids to enhance students’ motivation and performance.

The influence of temperature on the survival and infectivity of the cercariae of Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McCARTHY
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

Survival and infectivity characteristics are described for cercariae of the echinostome Echinoparyphium recurvatum at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Cercarial survival was markedly age- and temperature-dependent, maximum survival time being reduced from 68 h at 10°C to 12 h at 30°C, 50% survival times falling from 47·9 h at 10°C to 8·4 h at 30°C. The mean instantaneous per capita death rate of cercariae increased exponentially with temperature. Cercarial infectivity was also temperature dependent, the main effect of temperature being upon the rate at which infectivity diminished with increasing age of cercariae. Infectivity increased from zero at 10°C to a maximum at 25°C after which it declined to a low level at 30°C. Overall transmission efficiency of cercariae at each experimental temperature was calculated as the ratio of the mean instantaneous per capita death rate (μ) to the mean instantaneous per capita rate of infection (β). Transmission efficiency of cercariae was found to be maximal at 20°C and at a relatively high level between 10 and 25°C. Transmission efficiency was zero at 10°C and at a very low level at 30°C. These results suggest that the cercariae of E. recurvatum show transmission optima at water temperatures likely to be encountered in natural habitats in Britain and Europe.

WHAT YOUNG INDIA WANTS: STUDYING THE EFFECT OF LEVEL OF CSR ENGAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Sriparna Gogoi ◽  
Saumya Singh ◽  
Abinash Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Organizational Attractiveness ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
A Company ◽  
Csr Engagement

This study examined the effect of level of engagement in CSR activities on organizational attractiveness as perceived by a young Indian population. A sample of 120 participants between the ages of 18-23 years was assigned to one of three groups, each group containing 40 participants. Participants in each group were sent an online from containing a company prole and a questionnaire that assessed how attractive the participants found the company as potential place to work. The prole sent to each group differed in their descriptions of the company's CSR activities with one prole describing a high level of engagement in CSR, the second describing a low level of engagement and a third with no description of CSR activities. The mean scores on organizational attractiveness given by the three groups to their respective proles were compared using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD Post-hoc test. Findings showed a signicant difference in the mean scores of the three proles, with the High CSR company prole being signicantly higher on organizational attractiveness than the Low CSR prole. However, difference in the mean scores of the High CSR prole and the No CSR prole were not signicant. Results indicate that engagement in CSR activities inuenced respondents' evaluation of the companies and a higher amount of CSR activity was perceived favourably in conditions wherein the proles mentioned the company's CSR work

scholarly journals Feasibility and accuracy of teleconcussion for acute evaluation of suspected concussion

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (16) ◽  
pp. 1580-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert B. Vargas ◽  
Morgan Shepard ◽  
Joseph G. Hentz ◽  
Cherisse Kutyreff ◽  
L. George Hershey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Collegiate Football ◽  
Balance Error ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Objective:To assess the feasibility and accuracy of telemedical concussion evaluations (teleconcussion) for real-time athletic sideline assessment of concussion, as such assessment may address the gap in access some populations of athletes have to providers with expertise in concussion evaluation.Methods:A cohort of 11 consecutive male collegiate football players with suspected concussion was assessed using Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), King-Devick test (K-D), and modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS). A remote neurologist assessed each athlete using a telemedicine robot with real-time, 2-way audiovisual capabilities, while a sideline provider performed a simultaneous face-to-face assessment. After the assessment, a remove-from-play (RFP) determination was made. The remote and the face-to-face providers were blinded to each other’s examination findings and RFP decision until the end of the assessment.Results:The teleconcussion and face-to-face SAC were in agreement 100% of the time (6/6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 54%–100%). The mean (SD) difference between remote and sideline K-D times was 0.7 (1.4) seconds. Remote and sideline K-D times were within a 3-second difference 100% of the time (11/11; 95% CI 72%–100%). Remote and sideline mBESS scores were within 3 points 100% of the time (6/6; 95% CI 54%–100%). RFP decisions were in agreement 100% of the time (11/11; 95% CI 72%–100%).Conclusions:The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of teleconcussion for sideline concussion assessments. These data suggest a high level of agreement between remote and face-to-face providers with regard to examination findings and RFP determinations.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

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