scholarly journals Higher and colder: The success and failure of boundaries in high altitude and Antarctic research stations

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Heggie
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Field Versus ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Common ◽  
Field Stations

This article offers a series of case studies of field stations and field laboratories based at high altitudes in the Alps, Himalayas and Antarctica, which have been used by Western scientists (largely physiologists and physicists) from circa 1820 to present. It rejects the common frame for work on such spaces that polarizes a set of generalizations about practices undertaken in ‘the field’ versus ‘the laboratory’. Field sites are revealed as places that can be used to highlight common and crucial features of modern experimental science that are exposed by, but not uniquely the properties of, fieldwork. This includes heterogeneity of population and practice, diverse afterlives, the manner in which spaces of science construct individual and group expertise, and the extensive support and funding structures needed for modern scientific work.

The waterscape at high altitudes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Jacobsen ◽  
Olivier Dangles
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Tropics

Chapter 2 presents the amazing variety of running waters, lakes, ponds, and wetlands found at high altitudes. These waterbodies are not equally distributed among the world’s high altitude places, but tend to be concentrated in certain areas, primarily determined by regional climate and topography. Thus, a large proportion of the world’s truly high altitude aquatic systems are found at lower latitudes, mostly in the tropics. The chapter presents general patterns in the geographical distribution of high altitude waters, and gives examples of some of the most extreme systems. High altitude aquatic systems and habitats cover a broad variety in dynamics and physical appearance. These differences may be related to, for example, water source (glacier-fed, rain-fed, or groundwater-fed streams), geological origin (e.g. glacial, volcanic, or tectonic lakes), or catchment slope and altitude (different types of peatland wetlands). This is exemplified and richly illustrated through numerous photos.

Medicines management for nursing practice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brack ◽  
Penny Franklin ◽  
Jill Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Medicines Management ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Patient Centred Care ◽  
The Common ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
Straightforward Approach

Medicines Management for Nursing Practice: Pharmacology, Patient Safety, and Procedures is a friendly guide designed to equip pre-registration and newly qualified nurses with the medicines management knowledge and skills to provide safe patient-centred care. Balancing theory with practical advice, this accessible text covers basic pharmacology, drug calculations, key legislation and standards, and patient safety. Drawing from the most up-to-date sources of evidence and advice, including NMC and BNF guidelines, Medicines Management for Nursing Practice prepares nurses to promote their patients' safety, concordance, understanding of medicines, and wellbeing. This book takes a lively and straightforward approach to a vital set of nursing skills. Learning features such as reflection points, exercises, and further reading help readers to develop and consolidate their knowledge. Chapters on pharmacology and drug calculations take a step-by-step approach and are supported by diagrams and examples to aid understanding. Case studies relate guidelines and theories to the common practical scenarios that nurses encounter on a day-to-day basis.

Contributions to the Knowledge of the Lichen Flora of the Himalayas III. On Lecanora Somervellii Paulson (Lichenized Ascomycotina, Lecanoraceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
W. Obermayer ◽  
J. Poelt
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Lemon Yellow ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
The Alps ◽  
High Himalayas ◽  
Very High ◽  
Lichen Flora

Abstract The lichen Lecanora somervellii Paulson, first described from the northern slopes of Mt Everest in Tibet, has been collected at four other localities in the High Himalayas, at altitudes between 3750 and 5540 m. As the type material appears to be missing, a neotype is designated here. The species has an unusual lemon yellow colour due to the pigment calycin; this compound is in addition to usnic acid, which is widespread in Lecanora. Lecanora somervellii is otherwise very similar in essential characters to the complex including Lecanora concolor Ram. and L. orbicularis (Schaerer) Vainio, high alpine species well-known, for example, from the Alps. It is supposed, that L. somervellii is derived from this aggregate by the production of calycin (in addition to usnic acid), which acts as an additional protective pigment at these very high altitudes.

'The Proof is on My Palm': Debating Ethnicity, Islam and Ritual in a New African Diaspora

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
World Religion ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

AbstractFor Mandinga in Guinea-Bissau and Portugal, life-course rituals are currently provoking transnational debates on ethnic and religious identity. In Guinea-Bissau, these two identities are thought to be one and the same—to be Mandinga is to 'naturally' be Muslim. For Mandinga immigrants in Portugal, however, the experience of transnationalism and the allure of 'global Islam' have thrust this long-held notion into debate. In this article, I explore the contours and consequences of this debate by focusing on the 'writing-on-the-hand' ritual, which initiates Mandinga children into Qur'anic study. Whereas some Mandinga immigrants in Portugal view the writing-on-the-hand ritual as essential for conferring both Muslim identity and 'Mandinga-ness', others feel that this Mandinga 'custom' should be abandoned for a more orthodox version of Islam. Case studies reveal an internal debate about Mandinga ethnicity, Islam and ritual, one that transcends the common 'traditionalist'/'modernist' distinction. I suggest that the internal debate, although intensified by migration, is not itself a consequence of 'modernity' but has long been central to how Mandinga imagine themselves as both members of a distinct ethnic group and as practitioners of the world religion of Islam.

scholarly journals Adaptations and responses of the common dandelion to low atmospheric pressure in high altitude environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C. M. Arce ◽  
Zoe Bont ◽  
Ricardo A. R. Machado ◽  
Paulo F. Cristaldo ◽  
Matthias Erb
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Common Dandelion

Phimodera flori Fieber, found in Greece on Mount Olympus, new to the Balkan Peninsula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-653
Author(s):  
PARIDE DIOLI
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Alps ◽  
First Time

The first report of Phimodera flori Fieber, 1863 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) in the Balkan Peninsula (Mt. Olympus, Greece) is presented. This continental European and Central Asian species is rare in southern Europe where it has been found only at high altitudes of the Alps and the Pyrenees so far. It has been regarded as extinct from the 1970’s in many countries. The species is recorded for the first time for Greece, being Mt. Olympus the southernmost known locality. 

Removing the Nationality Paradigm from Herodotus’ Histories

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-323
Author(s):  
Salvatore Tufano
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The present paper suggests that the recurring appeal to kinship diplomacy undermines a fixed idea of ‘nation’ in Archaic Greece, especially in the first two decades of the fifth century BC. It aims to present a series of test cases in Herodotus that explain why contemporary patterns and theories on ancient ethnicity can hardly explain the totality of the historical spectrum. Blood ties could sometimes fortify ethnic relationships, as in the case of Aristagoras’ mission to Sparta (Hdt. 5.49.3), since the common Greekness could elicit the Spartan to help to the Ionians. In other times, the same blood ties were applied to divine genealogies, and they could also be used to show the feeble devotion of cities like Argos to the Greek cause (7.150.2: Xerxes expects the Argives to join the Persian cause, since they descend from Perses). Habits and traditions, often taken as indicia of national feeling, could be thought of as clues of ancient migrations (so the Trojans became Maxyes in Lybia: 4.191). Even language might not help in justifying ethnic relationships: for instance, the Greeks living in the Scythian Gelonus spoke a mixed language (4.108). These few case studies may shed a different light on the classical definition of Greekness (to hellenikon) in terms of blood, language, cults, and habits, all given by Herodotus (8.144). Far from being a valid label for all the Greeks of the fifth century, this statement owes much to a specific variety of the language of kinship diplomacy. The final section argues for the opportunity to avoid the later and misleading idea of nation when studying Herodotus and the age of the Persian Wars, which are instead characterized by various and contrasting strategies. Greek groups and ethne can be better described as networks of lightly defined communities.

scholarly journals Integrated Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Responses to Altitude Stress in Oat (Avena sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jinqiu ◽  
Li Bing ◽  
Song Tingting ◽  
He Jinglei ◽  
KongLing Zelai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Stressful Environments

Oat is an annual gramineous forage grass with the remarkable ability to survive under various stressful environments. However, understanding the effects of high altitude stresses on oats is poor. Therefore, the physiological and the transcriptomic changes were analyzed at two sites with different altitudes, low (ca. 2,080 m) or high (ca. 2,918 m), respectively. Higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, reactive oxygen and major reductions in photosynthesis-related markers were suggested for oats at high altitudes. Furthermore, oat yields were severely suppressed at the high altitude. RNA-seq results showed that 11,639 differentially expressed genes were detected at both the low and the high altitudes in which 5,203 up-regulated and 6,436 down-regulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment tests were conducted and a group of major high altitude-responsive pigment metabolism genes, photosynthesis, hormone signaling, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis were excavated. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain response, we also confirmed expression levels of 20 DEGs (qRT-PCR). In summary, our study generated genome-wide transcript profile and may be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Avena sativa L. in response to high altitude stress. These new findings contribute to our deeper relevant researches on high altitude stresses and further exploring new candidategenes for adapting plateau environment oat molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Pressure Swing Adsorption and Liquid Oxygen Enrichment Techniques in the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array Facility at the Chajnantor Plateau (5,050 m)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Lopez ◽  
Reinaldo Aravena ◽  
Daniel Soza ◽  
Alicia Morales ◽  
Silvia Riquelme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Very High

The Chilean workforce has over 200,000 people that are intermittently exposed to altitudes over 4,000 m. In 2012, the Ministry of Health provided a technical guide for high-altitude workers that included a series of actions to mitigate the effects of hypoxia. Previous studies have shown the positive effect of oxygen enrichment at high altitudes. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) radiotelescope operates at 5,050 m [Array Operations Site (AOS)] and is the only place in the world where pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and liquid oxygen technologies have been installed at a large scale. These technologies reduce the equivalent altitude by increasing oxygen availability. This study aims to perform a retrospective comparison between the use of both technologies during operation in ALMA at 5,050 m. In each condition, variables such as oxygen (O2), temperature, and humidity were continuously recorded in each AOS rooms, and cardiorespiratory variables were registered. In addition, we compared portable O2 by using continuous or demand flow during outdoor activities at very high altitudes. The outcomes showed no differences between production procedures (PSA or liquid oxygen) in regulating oxygen availability at AOS facilities. As a result, big-scale installations have difficulties reaching the appropriate O2 concentration due to leaks in high mobility areas. In addition, the PSA plant requires adequacy and maintenance to operate at a very high altitude. A continuous flow of 2–3 l/min of portable O2 is recommended at 5,050 m.

Life at High Altitudes The Biology of High-Altitude Peoples P. T. Baker

BioScience ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 723-723
Author(s):  
Paola S. Timiras
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
High Altitudes
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