scholarly journals Sport prostheses and prosthetic adaptations for the upper and lower limb amputees: an overview of peer reviewed literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Bragaru ◽  
Rienk Dekker ◽  
Jan HB Geertzen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
New Research ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees

Background:Sport prostheses are used by both upper- and lower-limb amputees while participating in sports and other physical activities. Although the number of these devices has increased over the past decade, no overview of the peer reviewed literature describing them has been published previously. Such an overview will allow specialists to choose appropriate prostheses based on available scientific evidence rather than on personal experience or preference.Objective:To provide an overview of the sport prostheses as they are described by the papers published in peer reviewed literature.Study Design:Literature review.Methods:Four electronic databases were searched using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms. Papers were included if they concerned a prosthesis or a prosthetic adaptation used in sports. Papers were excluded if they did not originate from peer reviewed sources, if they concerned prostheses for body parts other than the upper or lower limbs, if they concerned amputations distal to the wrist or ankle, or if they were written in a language other than English.Results:Twenty-four papers were included in this study. The vast majority contained descriptive data and consisted of expert opinions and technical notes.Conclusion:Data concerning the energy efficiency, technical characteristics and special mechanical properties of prostheses or prosthetic adaptations for sports, other than running, are scarce.Clinical relevanceAn overview of the peer reviewed literature will enable rehabilitation specialists working with amputees to choose a prosthesis that best suits their patients’ expectations on the available scientific evidence. Identifying the information gaps present in the peer reviewed literature will stimulate new research and eventually broaden the base of scientific knowledge.

The Role of Leukotrienes Inhibitors in the Management of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Deepak Meshram ◽  
Khushbo Bhardwaj ◽  
Charulata Rathod ◽  
Gail B. Mahady ◽  
Kapil K. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Leukotriene Antagonists ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

Background: Leukotrienes are powerful mediators of inflammation and interact with specific receptors in target cell membrane to initiate an inflammatory response. Thus, Leukotrienes (LTs) are considered to be potent mediators of inflammatory diseases including allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. Leukotriene B4 and the series of cysteinyl leukotrienes (C4, D4, and E4) are metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism that cause inflammation. The cysteinyl LTs are known to increase vascular permeability, bronco-constriction and mucus secretion. Objectives: To review the published data for leukotriene inhibitors of plant origin and the recent patents for leukotriene inhibitors, as well as their role in the management of inflammatory diseases. Methods: Published data for leukotrienes antagonists of plant origin were searched from 1938 to 2019, without language restrictions using relevant keywords in both free text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) format. Literature and patent searches in the field of leukotriene inhibitors were carried out by using numerous scientific databases including Science Direct, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Patents, US Patents, US Patent Applications, Abstract of Japan, German Patents, European Patents, WIPO and NAPRALERT. Finally, data from these information resources were analyzed and reported in the present study. Results: Currently, numerous anti-histaminic medicines are available including chloropheneremine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, and clementine. Furthermore, specific leukotriene antagonists from allopathic medicines are also available including zileuton, montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast and are considered effective and safe medicines as compared to the first generation medicines. The present study reports leukotrienes antagonistic agents of natural products and certain recent patents that could be an alternative medicine in the management of inflammation in respiratory diseases. Conclusion: The present study highlights recent updates on the pharmacology and patents on leukotriene antagonists in the management of inflammation respiratory diseases.

A Technique to Detect Fatigue in the Lower Limbs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullatif A. Alwasel ◽  
Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Carl T. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time History ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Reconstructed Phase Space

As muscles fatigue, their passive and active mechanical properties change increasing the susceptibility of the human body to damage. The state-of-the-art technique for muscle fatigue detection, EMG signals, is cumbersome. This paper presents a technique to detect fatigue by tracking a kinematic parameter of the musculoskeletal system. The method uses the time-history of a single joint angle to detect fatigue in the lower limbs. A sensor is mounted to the knee joint to measure the knee flexion angle. Time delay embedding is used to track the orbit of knee joint motions in a reconstructed phase-space. The reconstructed phase-space allows us to obtain information about other body parts and joints of the lower limb in addition to the knee joint, since they are all connected in an open kinematic chain. Long-time drift in the orbit location and shape in phase-space is quantified and used as a measure of lower limb fatigue. The proposed technique presents a mobile, wireless, and cheap method to assess fatigue that can act as an early warning system for the lower limb.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure and cardiovascular response to traumatic lower limb amputees’ gait

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Mendes do Nascimento Garcia ◽  
Jorge Roberto Perrout de Lima ◽  
José Dilermando Costa Junior ◽  
Humberto Almeida Ottoni de Luna Freire ◽  
Jaqueline de Paula Mazilão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Speed Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees

Introduction Amputations cause functional, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular alterations and, the more proximal the amputation, the larger the alterations. Objectives To observe the effect of using lower limb prosthetics and that of gait speed on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2) and energy cost (EC) during gait in traumatic lower limbs amputees. Materials and methods The sample was composed of 30 men with unilateral amputations, 10 transfemoral and 10 transtibial, compared to 10 people with no amputations. All of them selected a pleasant walking speed (PWS) on the treadmill, and two other speeds were calculated, 20% above and 20% below the original one. The subjects walked for 10 minutes at each of the speeds and, in the last three minutes, the VO2, HR, and BP were assessed. In order to compare variables between groups the variance was performed (ANOVA) followed by the Post Hoc Sheffé test (p < 0.05). Results The amputees selected lower values of PWS and had higher HR, BP, and EC, VO2 during gait when compared to normal individuals. The transfemoral amputees had higher VO2 and EC compared to the transtibial ones. By analyzing the speed effect, it was observed that, although the VO2 did not increase with the increased speed, there was increased cardiovascular response and reduced EC. Conclusions Traumatic lower limb amputees have higher energy expenditure and cardiovascular responses during gait and, at higher speeds, they become more economical, reducing the EC.

Adolescent prostitution: Which role plays psychopathology?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S357-S358
Author(s):  
C. Petrocchi ◽  
M. D’Aguanno ◽  
R. Carafa ◽  
P. Velotti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe characteristics and the mental functioning of adolescent prostitutes were examined in several studies. Literature associates externalizing problems (i.e. impulsivity) with high rates of sexual activity and high rates of prostitution (Donenberg et al., 2005). Research has identified a link between psychopathology and high rates of health-risking sexual behavior and conduct problems. Despite the identification of psychopathology as a risk factor for the development of health-risking sexual, its role in prostitution has not been well examined.ObjectivesAlthough the association between psychopathological disease and engagement in health-risking sexual behavior is documented, the specific nature of the cause or mechanism for the link between psychopathological disease and the development of these behavior problems is not known.MethodsAn extensive literature search for relevant published and unpublished studies was conducted on Medline, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Psycoinfo and PsycArticle from inception through September 21, 2015. Additionally, we performed a search in Google Scholar and manually searched by the reference lists of included articles. Comprehensive search strategies were developed using the controlled vocabularies of each database. We systematically searched for relevant studies using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and corresponding free-text terms. Search term and keywords were altered as per specification of individual database.ResultsAdolescent prostitution is one of the major public health problems and psychopathology plays an important part in it. Adolescent prostitutes’ shown elevated level of psychopathological disease that may reflect the possibility that their psychological functioning leads them to this particular environment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Prospective analysis of surfing and bodyboard injuries

Trauma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Dimmick ◽  
Mark Gillett ◽  
Craig Buchan ◽  
Patrick Sheehan ◽  
Michelle Franks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Spinal Fractures ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments

Objective To assess the differences in the types of injuries sustained by surfboard and bodyboard riders and to identify common mechanisms of injury. Methods Subjects were prospectively recruited to the study on presentation to one of the six hospital emergency departments. Consented subjects completed a questionnaire while in the emergency departments. Data regarding radiological investigations undertaken and their findings were collected retrospectively. Results A total of 224 males and 28 females in the surfing group and 14 males in the bodyboard group were recruited. In surfers, the most common injured body parts were the head/face (115; 45.6%) and lower limb (69; 27.4%). Surfers were most commonly injured by a surfboard, either their own (178; 70.6%) or someone else’s (18; 7.1%). Unfortunately, the small number of subjects recruited to the bodyboard group precluded meaningful comparison with the surfing group. Conclusions The most common body part injured in surfers is the head/face compared with the lower limbs in bodyboard riders. Contact with a surfer’s board (most commonly their own) is the most common cause of injury. Significant spinal fractures/injuries are sustained when the surfer (usually their head) strikes the seafloor. Head and facial fractures occur when the surfer is struck by their own board. Future research into surfboard design which incorporates softer compounds into the deck, rail, and fins is recommended. The need for local authorities and surf lifesavers to disseminate information relating to specific beaches to the general public regarding surf conditions, water depth, and the nature of the seafloor is also essential for injury prevention.

scholarly journals In Search of A Contemporary Definition of Meaningful Engagement: A systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Tania Kate Hobson ◽  
Anneke Fitzgerald ◽  
Katrina Radford
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Definition Of

Consumer engagement is emerging as an important trend in a contemporary health care environment. Yet, a universal definition of meaningful consumer engagement has not been determined. This paper presents our systematic literature review findings, which intended to consolidate the definition of consumer engagement (or related terms) in the context of health care to date to arrive at a definition for meaningful consumer engagement in healthcare. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and PsychINFO in June 2021. Using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) terms, Emtree search headings and free text words, a total of 82 records were identified. After reviewing in line with PRISMA methodology, 23 articles were considered relevant to the development of the definition of consumer engagement. The methodology of these papers was analysed using the revised Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) (2018). A total of 13 of these papers were then further analysed for a definition of meaningful consumer engagement or characteristics of consumer engagement. None of the definitions found comprehensively defined meaningful consumer engagement but instead, five described meaningful consumer engagement. Therefore, a new definition of meaningful consumer engagement is proposed, which is based upon the synthesis of the characteristics of meaningful consumer engagement and person-centred care. This new definition speaks to what is it means to be consumers of health care rather than patients and acknowledged the importance of the reciprocity of the exchange relationship of ‘consumers’, the importance of leadership, and the emerging evidence around diversity and inclusion trust and partnership which requires active involvement and participation.

Para-Sports can Promote Functional Reorganization in the Ipsilateral Primary Motor Cortex of Lower Limbs Amputee

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110566
Author(s):  
Tomoya Nakanishi ◽  
Nobuaki Mizuguchi ◽  
Kento Nakagawa ◽  
Kimitaka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees

Background. Drastic functional reorganization was observed in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) of a Paralympic long jumper with a unilateral below-knee amputation in our previous study. However, it remains unclear whether long-term para-sports are associated with ipsilateral M1 reorganization since only 1 athlete with amputation was investigated. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the long-term para-sports and ipsilateral M1 reorganization after lower limb amputation. Methods. Lower limb rhythmic muscle contraction tasks with functional magnetic resonance imaging and T1-weighted structural imaging were performed in 30 lower limb amputees with different para-sports experiences in the chronic phase. Results. Brain activity in the ipsilateral primary motor and somatosensory areas (SM1) as well as the contralateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, SM1, and inferior temporal gyrus showed a positive correlation with the years of routine para-sports participation (sports years) during contraction of the amputated knee. Indeed, twelve of the 30 participants who exhibited significant ipsilateral M1 activation during amputated knee contraction had a relatively longer history of para-sports participation. No significant correlation was found in the structural analysis. Conclusions. Long-term para-sports could lead to extensive reorganization at the brain network level, not only bilateral M1 reorganization but also reorganization of the frontal lobe and visual pathways. These results suggest that the interaction of injury-induced and use-dependent cortical plasticity might bring about drastic reorganization in lower limb amputees.

Design of a Human Knee Reeducation Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Allaoua Brahmia ◽  
Ridha Kelaiaia
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Kinematic Structure ◽  
Robotic Device ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Kinematic Study ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercise ◽  
New Machine

Abstract To establish an exercise in open muscular chain rehabilitation (OMC), it is necessary to choose the type of kinematic chain of the mechanical / biomechanical system that constitutes the lower limbs in interaction with the robotic device. Indeed, it’s accepted in biomechanics that a rehabilitation exercise in OMC of the lower limb is performed with a fixed hip and a free foot. Based on these findings, a kinematic structure of a new machine, named Reeduc-Knee, is proposed, and a mechanical design is carried out. The contribution of this work is not limited to the mechanical design of the Reeduc-Knee system. Indeed, to define the minimum parameterizing defining the configuration of the device relative to an absolute reference, a geometric and kinematic study is presented.

IMPLANTATION OF THE INVASIVE BLOOD PRESSURE CATHETER: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Rezer ◽  
Hélio Penna Guimarães ◽  
Grazia Maria Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Invasive Blood Pressure

Objective: to describe scientific evidence on the implementation and control of the device for measuring invasive blood pressure (IBP). Methods: integrative review of the literature, based on Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed, through the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and the Medical Subject Headings (MesH): hemodynamic; monitoring; blood pressure; invasive. Articles were selected in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published between 2009 and 2018. The search resulted in a sample of 10 articles. Results: The articles were analyzed and presented in 4 thematic groups according to the information they provided regarding the puncture of the IBP catheter, being: 1- Indications for IBP catheter puncture; 2 -Contraindications and complications resulting from the use of the IBP catheter; 3 -Most indicated puncture sites; 4- Implementation and maintenance of IBP catheter. Conclusion: Further research may contribute to patient care with an IAP device, as well as assisting physicians and nurses in patient care, reducing the risks and potential adverse events of the IAP.

Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

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