Role of Urban Big Data in Travel Behavior Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097502
Author(s):  
Chihuangji Wang ◽  
Daniel Baldwin Hess
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Data Analytic

Understanding urban travel behavior (TB) is critical for advancing urban transportation planning practice and scholarship; however, traditional survey data is expensive (because of labor costs) and error-prone. With advances in data collection techniques and data analytic approaches, urban big data (UBD) is currently generated at an unprecedented scale in relation to volume, variety, and speed, producing new possibilities for applying UBD for TB research. A review of more than 50 scholarly articles confirms the remarkable and expanding role of UBD in TB research and its advantages over traditional survey data. Using this body of published work, a typology is developed of four key types of UBD—social media, GPS log, mobile phone/location-based service, and smart card—focusing on the features and applications of each type in the context of TB research. This paper discusses in significant detail the opportunities and challenges in the use of UBD from three perspectives: conceptual, methodological, and political. The paper concludes with recommendations for researchers to develop data science knowledge and programming skills for analysis of UBD, for public and private sector agencies to cooperate on the collection and sharing of UBD, and for legislators to enforce data security and confidentiality. UBD offers both researchers and practitioners opportunities to capture urban phenomena and deepen knowledge about the TB of individuals.

General Prospects and Contending Issues in Malaysian ICT Policy

2014 ◽  
pp. 230-249
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Trade And Investment

Malaysia was one of the early adopters of Internet technology to steer innovation policy in a direction that is making the country become a knowledge-based economy. This notion of knowledge-based economy driven by ICT is best exemplified by the borderless connectivity, interactivity, and networking. Since the middle of 1990s, there have been gradual but systematic public and private sector initiatives towards ICT agenda with the prominent role of the state. This chapter aims to unpack ICT developments and examine the implications of the post-MSC formation for Malaysia and its associated issues and challenges. Second, the discussion provides an overview of MSC performance and its importance for enhancing growth, trade, and investment; reducing the digital gap; nurturing innovation; and achieving more inclusive societies. Third, some issues and challenges in MSC development are also highlighted.

The Relationship between Disability Non-Discrimination Law and Quota Schemes

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-117
Author(s):  
Lisa Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between disability quota schemes and non-discrimination law in Europe. While at first sight they seem to sit uneasily beside each other, the chapter reveals how, in some instances, quota schemes can serve to facilitate compliance with non-discrimination legislation. At the same time, the chapter explores seeming incompatibilities between the two approaches and considers whether there are differences between common and civil law jurisdictions in this respect. Tentative conclusions suggest that there is a greater willingness to establish quota schemes through legislation in civil law jurisdictions compared to common law jurisdictions, and that quota schemes in civil law jurisdictions are more likely to provide for the imposition of a levy in the case that employers fail to meet their quota obligations through employing the required number of people with disabilities. There also seems to be some indication that there is greater awareness of the potential for conflict or tension, in various forms, between non-discrimination law and quota schemes in common law jurisdictions than in civil law jurisdictions. Finally, the two schemes operating in the common law states are only applicable to the public sector—whilst in civil law states quotas are generally applied to both public and private sector employers. This may indicate different perceptions regarding the role of public sector employers and the legitimacy of imposing quota requirements.

The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Leadership in Pygmalion Perception of the Workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 384-410
Author(s):  
Eray Ekin Sezgin ◽  
Muhammet Düşükcan
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The main objective of the chapter was to examine the effect on the motivations of Pygmalion perception of health workers working in public-private hospitals operating in TRB1 region (Elazığ, Malatya, Tunceli, and Bingöl) and to analyze the mediator role of self-efficacy and leadership in this effect. For this purpose, employees of all public and private sector hospitals in the region were accepted as main mass and data was collected. A total of 12,939 health workers are employed in these hospitals. The sample of the study consisted of 414 health workers. In this study, the quantitative research method has been used and data was obtained through a face-to-face survey technique. The main analyses used in this study were descriptive statistics, validity and reliability, regression and mediating role analyzes. Pygmalion perception can be effective at a rate of 11% on motivation (r = 0.329; r2 = 0.108; p<0.001). In addition, it was found that leadership and self-efficacy had a partial mediating role in the effect of Pygmalion perception on motivation.

Social media recruitment: the role of credibility and satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Muduli ◽  
Jeegnesh J. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Media Richness Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sense Of Satisfaction ◽  
Public And Private Sector

PurposeThe increased popularity of social media has been prompting the recruitment managers to use social media recruitment. Very little has been studied on the effectiveness of social media recruitment from the recruiter's perspective. Influenced by the diffusion of innovation theory, the study measures the usefulness of social media recruitment through various prehire and posthire recruitment outcomes. The study also used the media richness theory to examine the role of credibility and satisfaction as a mediating variable.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected from the recruiters in the public and private sector of India. Available literature is studied to develop survey instrument validated through experts from industry and academia. Pilot study was conducted to test for any construct weaknesses. Data is analyzed using AMOS.FindingsThe study result proved that social media recruitment is significantly related to both prehire outcomes and posthire outcomes. The result also proved the mediating effect of credibility and satisfaction and suggests recruitment practitioner to emphasize on disseminating credible, relevant and sufficient information through suitable communication mode.Practical implicationsHR professional to be careful about the information provided through a social media recruitment method. Practitioner to establish credibility of the information to create a sense of satisfaction by the applicants toward the information. Thus, as the information becomes more credible, the attraction to the organization also increases, which in turn results in more applicants applying for the job.Originality/valueThis is the first quantitative study to examine effectiveness of social media recruitment under the influence of mediator – credibility and satisfaction considering the data from the recruiters.

Health Technologies for the Developing World: Addressing the Unmet Needs

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Free
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector

AbstractThis paper provides a critical overview of several strategies and mechanisms that have been employed by the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health over the past decade to address the unmet needs for health technologies in the developing world. Partnerships between public and private-sector organizations are emphasized in order to share risks, encourage efficiency, and ensure the availability of priority products for health care in resource-poor settings. Incentives for the involvement of the commercial sector, the means to protect the interest of the public sector, and the role of bridging organizations are discussed in the light of the shifting goals of the public sector.

scholarly journals Analysis of a voluntary initiative to reduce sodium in processed and ultra-processed food products in Argentina: the views of public and private sector representatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Castronuovo ◽  
Lorena Allemandi ◽  
Victoria Tiscornia ◽  
Beatriz Champagne ◽  
Norm Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Content ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Voluntary Initiative ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract: The Less Salt, More Life program was the first voluntary salt reduction initiative in Argentina. This article analyzes the perspectives of the stakeholders involved in this voluntary agreement between the Ministry of Health and the food industry to gradually reduce sodium content in processed foods. This exploratory case study used a qualitative approach including 29 in-depth interviews with stakeholders from the public and private sectors and identified the role of the different stakeholders and their perceptions regarding the challenges encountered in the policy process that contribute to the debate on public-private partnerships in health policies. The article also discusses the initiative’s main challenges and controversies.

scholarly journals The Role of Public-Sector Unions During Privatization

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Kim Jung In
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Unions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Public Unions ◽  
Public And Private Sector

This paper reviews the historical and institutional backgrounds of public- and private-sector unions, internal and external trends involving public-sector unions, union representation in the public sector, union affiliation with citizens, and the relationship between privatization and public unions. Using these characteristics to reflect on the fundamental rationale of public-sector unions as the negotiators for public employees and as the promoters of political affiliation with citizens, the nature of the labor-management relationship emerges as a key factor in determining the effectiveness of unions in these roles.

scholarly journals Assessing the appropriateness of carbon financing for micro-scale projects in terms of capabilities

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Trethewy
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Commitment Period ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
First Commitment Period ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Global Carbon

Micro-scale development projects are currently underrepresented in global carbon markets. This paper outlines the process of becoming eligible to generate carbon credits and examines some of the barriers that may inhibit access to carbon markets. In particular, it focuses on barriers relating to the capacity and resources of the organisation developing the project. This approach represents a deviation from the standard discourse which has traditionally focused on barriers relating to the availability of up-front finance and the capacity of local public and private sector institutions required to participate in the carbon standard certification process. The paper contains an analysis of the carbon offset project cycle from which follows a discussion of potential capacity- related barriers focusing on time, skills and resources. Recommendations are made as to how these may be overcome with a particular focus on the role of technical organisations in assisting project developers. Completed during 2012 this research comes at an interesting time for global carbon markets as the Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period ended in 2012 and negotiations have failed to produce and agreement that would commit major emitters to reductions targets from 2013 onward. Despite this, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has gained momentum on the national level and many governments are in the process of formulating and introducing emissions trading schemes.

scholarly journals Notches on the dial: a call to action to develop plain language communication with the public about users and uses of health data

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Alison Paprica ◽  
Kimberlyn McGrail ◽  
Michael J Schull
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Population data science [1] researchers are not alone in recognizing the value of health and health-related data. In the era of big data, and with advent of machine learning and other artificial intelligence methods, organizations around the world are actively working to turn data into knowledge, and, in some cases, profit. The media and members of the public have taken notice, with high profile news stories about data breaches and privacy concerns [2-4] alongside some stories that call for increased use of data [5,6]. In response, public and private sector data-holding organizations and jurisdictions are turning their attention to policies, processes and regulations intended to ensure that personal data are used in ways that that the public supports. In some cases, these efforts include involving “publics” in decisions about data, such as using patient and lay person advice and other inputs to help shape policies [7-10].

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