Effect of Geometry and Infill on Strength of 3D Printed Planar Matrices for Matting Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110372
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Catenacci ◽  
Jeffery R. Owens ◽  
Heather R. Luckarift
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Patterned Matrices

3D (three-dimensional) printing was used as a rapid prototyping tool to determine the influence of cell geometry and infill materials on the physical properties of geometrically patterned matrices while subjected to compressive stress. Matrices of comparable patterns but varied scales and densities were fabricated from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. The test results confirm that some matrices reinforced by infill with sand, gravel, and mixtures of the two show better compressive strength than conventional concrete, and may find application in matting for airfield damage repair. The cell matrix geometry that demonstrated maximum strength (comparable with conventional concrete) was a hexagonal geometry with a relative density to solid plastic of 0.32 infilled with a mixture of sand and gravel. Additional data suggests that at larger scales, maximum strength comparable with conventional concrete could be achieved with even lower relative density.

scholarly journals On the Post-Processing of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khosravani ◽  
Jonas Schüürmann ◽  
Filippo Berto ◽  
Tamara Reinicke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
3D Printed

Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has significantly increased in the past few years. AM also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been currently used in fabrication of prototypes and end-use products. Considering the new applications of additively manufactured components, it is necessary to study structural details of these parts. In the current study, influence of a post-processing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts has been investigated. To this aim, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material was used to produce test coupons based on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. More in deep, a device was designed and fabricated to fix imperfection and provide smooth surfaces on the 3D-printed ABS specimens. Later, original and treated specimens were subjected to a series of tensile loads, three-point bending tests, and water absorption tests. The experimental tests indicated fracture load in untreated dog-bone shaped specimen was 2026.1 N which was decreased to 1951.7 N after surface treatment. Moreover, the performed surface treatment was lead and decrease in tensile strength from 29.37 MPa to 26.25 MPa. Comparison of the results confirmed effects of the surface modification on the fracture toughness of the examined semi-circular bending components. Moreover, a 3D laser microscope was used for visual investigation of the specimens. The documented results are beneficial for next designs and optimization of finishing processes.

scholarly journals Novel Method for the Manufacture of Complex CFRP Parts Using FDM-based Molds

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Paul Bere ◽  
Calin Neamtu ◽  
Razvan Udroiu
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Composite Tooling ◽  
Novel Method

Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) have attracted much interest within many industrial fields where the use of 3D printed molds can provide significant cost and time savings in the production of composite tooling. Within this paper, a novel method for the manufacture of complex-shaped FRP parts has been proposed. This paper features a new design of bike saddle, which was manufactured through the use of molds created by fused deposition modeling (FDM), of which two 3D printable materials were selected, polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and these molds were then chemically and thermally treated. The novel bike saddles were fabricated using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), by vacuum bag technology and oven curing, utilizing additive manufactured (AM) molds. Following manufacture the molded parts were subjected to a quality inspection, using non-contact three-dimensional (3D) scanning techniques, where the results were then statistically analyzed. The statistically analyzed results state that the main deviations between the CAD model and the manufactured CFRP parts were within the range of ±1 mm. Additionally, the weight of the upper part of the saddles was found to be 42 grams. The novel method is primarily intended to be used for customized products using CFRPs.

Investigations for Wax Coated 3D Printed Hybrid Patterns for Partial Dentures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaljit Singh Boparai ◽  
Gurpartap Singh ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Sarabjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract In this work, 3D printed master patterns of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic material have been used for the preparation of Ni-Cr based functional prototypes as partial dentures (PD). The study started with patient specific three dimensional (3D), CAD data (fetched through scanning). This data was used for preparation of .STL file for printing of master patterns on fused deposition modeling (FDM) setup. The 3D printed master patterns were further wax coated to reduce the surface irregularities (as cost effective post processing technique). The hybrid patterns were subjected to investment casting for the preparation of Ni-Cr based PD. The finally prepared functional prototypes as PD were optimized for dimensional accuracy, surface finish and surface hardness as responses. The results are visualized and supported by photomicrographs and in-vitro analysis.

Finite Element Simulation of Temperature Field in Fused Deposition Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2585-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Bo Ji ◽  
Tian Rui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Taking into account temperature-dependent thermal conduction and heat capacity, based in the research on the physical property of the material of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), a three-dimensional transient thermal finite element model has been developed in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The moving material of ABS by the sprayer on the mold equipment is simulated with the employment of ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) and latent heat is considered by using enthalpy. By the technique of element live and die on ANSYS software and using the nonlinear finite element method, several conclusions according to the simulation results were produced, first of all, the simulation result shows that the temperature field distribution likes an ellipse; secondly, comparing with the previous track, the latter one has larger heat affected region and larger inhomogeneous temperature distribution; the greatest temperature gradient takes place near the edges of deposited part where the sprayer scanning direction changes.

An experimental study of FDM parameters effects on tensile strength, density, and production time of ABS/Cu composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 009524432091683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Nabipour ◽  
Behnam Akhoundi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Recently, applications of three-dimensional (3-D) printers have extensively been increased in various industries. Fused deposition modeling process is one of the most widely used 3-D printing methods in this area due to its simplicity, reliability, and the ability to produce complex parts made of thermoplastic materials. In this research, composite sample parts consisted of copper particles with a constant 25 wt% of metallic powder as a filler and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene granules as a polymeric matrix. A filament production line to acquire printable filaments was applied and its optimum parameters were reported. Four printing parameters involved nozzle diameter, layer height, raster angle, and nozzle temperature were chosen in three levels for investigation of composite samples’ tensile strength, density, and production time as a new study. The Taguchi method, a well-known design of experiment tool, was employed to find the effect of each parameter and optimum levels with including the main effect, signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance. Finally, optimum composite specimens manufactured by 3-D printer verified Taguchi method analysis and results.

Three-dimensional printing of dual thermoplastic materials with different layer combinations: Tensile, flexural, and fractured surface investigations

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572092512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
TP Singh ◽  
Ajay Batish ◽  
Akshay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Dual Material ◽  
Single Material ◽  
Fractured Surface

The three-dimensional (3-D) printing with deposition of dual/multiple materials on alternative layers has been explored by some researchers for various engineering applications. But, hitherto, little has been reported on failure mechanism of dual/multiple materials 3-D printed parts in tensile and flexural testing. In this work, investigations were made to explore the tensile, flexural, morphological, and thermal properties of dual thermoplastic material (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA))-based 3-D printing of functional prototypes with low-cost fused deposition modeling process. The results of the study suggest that for mechanical properties of 3-D printed parts, the number of conversions, the number of negative conversions for selecting particular layer of thermoplastic material, and the number of layers (while selecting the alternative layer’s material) have significant effect. The maximum peak strength of 55.98 MPa (while tensile testing) was observed for combination of four consecutive layers of PLA and two layers of ABS, which is 15.81% higher than the ABS (48.34 MPa) and at par with the PLA-based 3-D printed functional prototype. Also, it has been ascertained that the deposition of ABS on PLA has better compatibility than PLA deposition on ABS platform. In case of flexural strength, single material-based 3-D printed parts have better properties. From fractured surface analysis, it has been observed that dual material-based 3-D printed prototypes have relatively large number of voids/porosity holes in comparison to single material-based 3-D printed prototypes, thus ultimately resulting in poor mechanical performance.

Mechanical and morphological investigations of 3D printed recycled ABS reinforced with bakelite–SiC–Al2O3

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (17) ◽  
pp. 5933-5944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Inderpreet Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Software Configuration ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Commercial Applications

The utilization of thermosetting waste is a serious issue as it is not recycled commercially due to inherent molecular properties and high technology cost. This research details the study of the mechanical behavior and surface analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope of three-dimensional printed parts of the waste thermosetting polymer, bakelite (BAK) as the reinforcement along with ceramic particles (SiC and Al2O3) in recycled thermoplastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene matrix for sustainability. The process involves twin-screw extrusion for the preparation of filament, followed by 3D printing of functional prototypes on fused deposition modeling setup. The 3D printed parts prepared with fused deposition modeling were used for the testing of mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The results of the present study suggests that for commercial applications recycling of thermoplastic up to 10 wt% can be easily performed without a change in any hardware/ software configuration of the fused deposition modeling setup and the ceramic concentration in thermoplastic-thermosetting blends further led to better mechanical and surface properties.

scholarly journals A path for lignin valorization via additive manufacturing of high-performance sustainable composites with enhanced 3D printability

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. eaat4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc A. Nguyen ◽  
Sietske H. Barnes ◽  
Christopher C. Bowland ◽  
Kelly M. Meek ◽  
Kenneth C. Littrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition

We report the manufacture of printable, sustainable polymer systems to address global challenges associated with high-volume utilization of lignin, an industrial waste from biomass feedstock. By analyzing a common three-dimensional printing process—fused-deposition modeling—and correlating the printing-process features to properties of materials such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and nylon, we devised a first-of-its-kind, high-performance class of printable renewable composites containing 40 to 60 weight % (wt %) lignin. An ABS analog made by integrating lignin into nitrile-butadiene rubber needs the presence of a styrenic polymer to avoid filament buckling during printing. However, lignin-modified nylon composites containing 40 to 60 wt % sinapyl alcohol–rich, melt-stable lignin exhibit enhanced stiffness and tensile strength at room temperature, while—unexpectedly—demonstrating a reduced viscosity in the melt. Further, incorporation of 4 to 16 wt % discontinuous carbon fibers enhances mechanical stiffness and printing speed, as the thermal conductivity of the carbon fibers facilitates heat transfer and thinning of the melt. We found that the presence of lignin and carbon fibers retards nylon crystallization, leading to low-melting imperfect crystals that allow good printability at lower temperatures without lignin degradation.

scholarly journals Development of multifunctional nanocomposites with 3-D printing additive manufacturing and low graphene loading

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan E Yamamoto ◽  
A Zachary Trimble ◽  
Brenden Minei ◽  
Mehrdad N Ghasemi Nejhad
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Multifunctional Nanocomposites

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling is an additive manufacturing (AM) process commonly used for geometric modeling and rapid prototyping of parts called three-dimensional (3-D) printing. Commonly used thermoplastic materials in FFF 3-D printing AM are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). However, these materials exhibit relatively low strength and toughness. Therefore, it is desirable to improve various properties of thermoplastics in 3-D printing AM by employing nanotechnology. The combination of 3-D printing and nanotechnology opens new venues for the manufacture of 3-D engineered materials with optimized properties and multifunctionality (e.g. mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties). Hence, in this work, the multifunctional property improvement effects of graphene oxide (GO) on thermoplastic materials suitable for 3-D printing AM are investigated. Low loading of GO with carboxyl and hydroxyl surface functional groups is incorporated into thermoplastic materials suitable for 3-D printing AM by a special mixing technique. ABS is chosen in this study due to its availability. Graphene nanosheets are employed to improve the properties of the developed nanocomposites by 3-D printing AM. GO is chosen to improve the dispersion of graphene nanosheets into the thermoplastic system to increase their interfacial adhesion. A multifunctional property improvement is observed in the developed nanocomposite with less than 0.1 wt% GO. Employing ASTM standard tests, it was found that at a very small loading of 0.06% by weight, GO could improve the properties of the thermoplastic in terms of strength, strain-to-failure, and toughness, while maintaining the stiffness, rendering the developed nanocomposites suitable for various applications of static and dynamic loading. GOs are now commercially available at low prices. At such low loadings, these graphene-type materials become economically feasible components of nanocomposites.

3D DESIGN AND PRINTING OF CUSTOM-FIT FINGER SPLINT

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850032
Author(s):  
R. Swetha Arulmozhi ◽  
Mahima Vaidya ◽  
M. G. Poojalakshmi ◽  
D. Ashok Kumar ◽  
K. Anuraag
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling

Finger deformities are a major concern among the Indian population, where the increase of risk factors are higher for people suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. The deformities hinder the movements in the finger, affecting their day to day activities. Finger splint is a device which is used to support and correct this deformity in order to improve function. Three-dimensional modeling and 3D printing techniques are the standard measures used. The proposed methodology involves 3D modeling which was done using Solidworks 2013, along with standard measurements taken from the patients with deformities due to Rheumatoid Arthritis. The measurements were obtained using a vernier caliper. The 3D printing was done using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the materials needed for the same are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and flex Polylactic Acid (PLA). The 3D printer used for the same is Flashforge Dreamer 3D printer. The volunteers were fitted with the custom finger splint. The finger splint is light-weight, easy to maintain and clean, with an inventive design based on the finger deformity. It is comfortable and helps support the patients during daily activities. It serves as an easy slip-on. Since it is well-ventilated, swelling of the finger does not occur. Future research will focus on the correction of the deformity, in addition to the biomechanical aspect of finger deformities.

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