3D DESIGN AND PRINTING OF CUSTOM-FIT FINGER SPLINT

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850032
Author(s):  
R. Swetha Arulmozhi ◽  
Mahima Vaidya ◽  
M. G. Poojalakshmi ◽  
D. Ashok Kumar ◽  
K. Anuraag
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling

Finger deformities are a major concern among the Indian population, where the increase of risk factors are higher for people suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. The deformities hinder the movements in the finger, affecting their day to day activities. Finger splint is a device which is used to support and correct this deformity in order to improve function. Three-dimensional modeling and 3D printing techniques are the standard measures used. The proposed methodology involves 3D modeling which was done using Solidworks 2013, along with standard measurements taken from the patients with deformities due to Rheumatoid Arthritis. The measurements were obtained using a vernier caliper. The 3D printing was done using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the materials needed for the same are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and flex Polylactic Acid (PLA). The 3D printer used for the same is Flashforge Dreamer 3D printer. The volunteers were fitted with the custom finger splint. The finger splint is light-weight, easy to maintain and clean, with an inventive design based on the finger deformity. It is comfortable and helps support the patients during daily activities. It serves as an easy slip-on. Since it is well-ventilated, swelling of the finger does not occur. Future research will focus on the correction of the deformity, in addition to the biomechanical aspect of finger deformities.

Self-Lubricating and Friction Performance of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Journal Bearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong-Jae Lee ◽  
Kwang-Hee Lee ◽  
Chul-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Self ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Friction Performance

In recent years, through the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, 3D‐printed parts have been used in various industries, such as medical equipment and robotics. Various 3D printing methods have been developed. Today, a 3D printer can be used even in precision parts, such as bolts and bearings. In this study, journal bearings are manufactured by a 3D printer to evaluate friction performance and self-lubricating performance. The journal bearings are fabricated using two types of 3D printing method: fused deposition modeling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS). The specimens manufactured by FDM are produced by plastic materials with three-layer thicknesses. Nylon-based materials and aluminum-based materials are used to fabricate the SLS specimen. Micropores are created in the specimens during the printing process. Therefore, the self-lubricating performance can occur by micropores. The experimental setup is designed and constructed to evaluate the friction performance by varying rotational speed and the radial load. Through this study, the self-lubricating performance and friction performance of 3D-printed journal bearings are evaluated, and proper operating conditions for 3D-printed bearings are suggested.

scholarly journals On the Post-Processing of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khosravani ◽  
Jonas Schüürmann ◽  
Filippo Berto ◽  
Tamara Reinicke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
3D Printed

Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has significantly increased in the past few years. AM also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been currently used in fabrication of prototypes and end-use products. Considering the new applications of additively manufactured components, it is necessary to study structural details of these parts. In the current study, influence of a post-processing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts has been investigated. To this aim, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material was used to produce test coupons based on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. More in deep, a device was designed and fabricated to fix imperfection and provide smooth surfaces on the 3D-printed ABS specimens. Later, original and treated specimens were subjected to a series of tensile loads, three-point bending tests, and water absorption tests. The experimental tests indicated fracture load in untreated dog-bone shaped specimen was 2026.1 N which was decreased to 1951.7 N after surface treatment. Moreover, the performed surface treatment was lead and decrease in tensile strength from 29.37 MPa to 26.25 MPa. Comparison of the results confirmed effects of the surface modification on the fracture toughness of the examined semi-circular bending components. Moreover, a 3D laser microscope was used for visual investigation of the specimens. The documented results are beneficial for next designs and optimization of finishing processes.

scholarly journals Mesh-Type Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of Human Organs and Tumors: Fast, Cost-Effective, and Personalized Anatomic Modeling of Patient-Oriented Visual Aids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Jungirl Seok ◽  
Sungmin Yoon ◽  
Chang Hwan Ryu ◽  
Junsun Ryu ◽  
Seok-ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Mesh Work

Although three-dimensional (3D)-printed anatomic models are not new to medicine, the high costs and lengthy production times entailed have limited their application. Our goal was developing a new and less costly 3D modeling method to depict organ-tumor relations at faster printing speeds. We have devised a method of 3D modeling using tomographic images. Coordinates are extracted at a specified interval, connecting them to create mesh-work replicas. Adjacent constructs are depicted by density variations, showing anatomic targets (i.e., tumors) in contrasting colors. An array of organ solid-tumor models was printed via a Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printer at significantly less cost ($0.05/cm3) and time expenditure (1.73 min/cm3; both, p < 0.001). Printed models helped promote visual appreciation of organ-tumor anatomy and adjacent tissues. Our mesh-work 3D thyroidal prototype reproduced glandular size/contour and tumor location, readily approximating the surgical specimen. This newly devised mesh-type 3D printing method may facilitate anatomic modeling for personalized care and improve patient awareness during informed surgical consent.

Influence of Part Orientation on the Surface Roughness in the Process of Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ján Milde ◽  
František Jurina ◽  
Jozef Peterka ◽  
Patrik Dobrovszký ◽  
Jakub Hrbál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Part Orientation

The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.

scholarly journals Dual Sacrificial Molding: Fabricating 3D Microchannels with Overhang and Helical Features

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Goh ◽  
Michinao Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
High Impact ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Single Material

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become an indispensable tool for 3D printing of molds used for sacrificial molding to fabricate microfluidic devices. The freedom of design of a mold is, however, restricted to the capabilities of the 3D printer and associated materials. Although FDM has been used to create a sacrificial mold made with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce 3D microchannels, microchannels with free-hanging geometries are still difficult to achieve. Herein, dual sacrificial molding was devised to fabricate microchannels with overhang or helical features in PDMS using two complementary materials. The method uses an FDM 3D printer equipped with two extruders and filaments made of high- impact polystyrene (HIPS) and PVA. HIPS was initially removed in limonene to reveal the PVA mold harboring the design of microchannels. The PVA mold was embedded in PDMS and subsequently removed in water to create microchannels with 3D geometries such as dual helices and multilayer pyramidal networks. The complementary pairing of the HIPS and PVA filaments during printing facilitated the support of suspended features of the PVA mold. The PVA mold was robust and retained the original design after the exposure to limonene. The resilience of the technique demonstrated here allows us to create microchannels with geometries not attainable with sacrificial molding with a mold printed with a single material.

Vibration Characteristics of 3D Printed Viscoelastic Graded Polymeric Plates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Carter ◽  
Kumar Vikram Singh ◽  
Fazeel Khan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Multiple Materials

Abstract The exploration of structures made of multiple materials is a growing area of research as additive manufacturing processing technologies such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing allows for their fabrication. Such a technology allows for rapid prototyping of structural components with complex geometries or spatially distributed materials with different properties and functionalities. By selecting suitable spatial distribution of materials, the performance of structural components can be manipulated and enhanced as per different engineering application needs. For a low-cost design of structural prototypes using 3D printing processes, viscoelastic polymeric materials are often used, having inherent damping properties. In this research, vibration characteristics of thin plates which are axially graded with multiple polymeric materials are investigated. The goal is to understand the influence of material grading on the frequency and damping characteristics of graded plates. Although in literature, material grading along the thickness in designing composite laminates and their vibration characteristics are available, the performance of plates having axially graded viscoelastic polymers have not been investigated yet. Through systematic modeling and experimental plans, vibration characteristics of axially graded viscoelastic plates are presented here. In particular, the damping performance for different grading schemes is evaluated. It is anticipated that such analysis will allow accurate modeling and testing of design prototypes of structural components for future research, such as design and testing of graded panels for enhanced flutter characteristics.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of MWCNTs/PLA Composite Material in the Manufacturing of Conductive Composite Products in 3D Printing

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Luo ◽  
Haibao Wang ◽  
Duquan Zuo ◽  
Anping Ji ◽  
Yaowen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

As an advanced manufacturing technology that has been developed in recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing of macromolecular materials can create complex-shaped components that cannot be realized by traditional processing. However, only a few types of macromolecular materials are suitable for 3D printing: the structure must have a single function, and manufacturing macromolecular functional devices is difficult. In this study, using poly lactic acid (PLA) as a matrix, conductive composites were prepared by adding various contents of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The printability and properties of MWCNT/PLA composites with different MWCNT proportions were studied by using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) processing technology of 3D printing. The experimental results showed that high conductivity can be realized in 3D-printed products with a composite material containing 5% MWCNTs; its conductivity was 0.4 ± 0.2 S/cm, its tensile strength was 78.4 ± 12.4 MPa, and its elongation at break was 94.4% ± 14.3%. It had a good melt flow rate and thermal properties, and it enabled smooth printing, thus meeting all the requirements for the 3D printing of consumables.

A Heuristic Scaling Strategy for Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Poudel ◽  
Chandler Blair ◽  
Jace McPherson ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Wenchao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract While three-dimensional (3D) printing has been making significant strides over the past decades, it still trails behind mainstream manufacturing due to its lack of scalability in both print size and print speed. Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) is an emerging technology that holds the promise to mitigate both of these issues by having a swarm of printhead-carrying mobile robots working together to finish a single print job cooperatively. In our previous work, we have developed a chunk-based printing strategy to enable the cooperative 3D printing with two fused deposition modeling (FDM) mobile 3D printers, which allows each of them to print one chunk at a time without interfering with the other and the printed part. In this paper, we present a novel method in discretizing the continuous 3D printing process, where the desired part is discretized into chunks, resulting in multi-stage 3D printing process. In addition, the key contribution of this study is the first working scaling strategy for cooperative 3D printing based on simple heuristics, called scalable parallel arrays of robots for 3DP (SPAR3), which enables many mobile 3D printers to work together to reduce the total printing time for large prints. In order to evaluate the performance of the printing strategy, a framework is developed based on directed dependency tree (DDT), which provides a mathematical and graphical description of dependency relationships and sequence of printing tasks. The graph-based framework can be used to estimate the total print time for a given print strategy. Along with the time evaluation metric, the developed framework provides us with a mathematical representation of geometric constraints that are temporospatially dynamic and need to be satisfied in order to achieve collision-free printing for any C3DP strategy. The DDT-based evaluation framework is then used to evaluate the proposed SPAR3 strategy. The results validate the SPAR3 as a collision-free strategy that can significantly shorten the printing time (about 11 times faster with 16 robots for the demonstrated examples) in comparison with the traditional 3D printing with single printhead.

scholarly journals Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Azad ◽  
Deborah Olawuni ◽  
Georgia Kimbell ◽  
Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza ◽  
Md. Shahadat Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Printing Processes

Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and how their properties, as well as the behavior of polymer–active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations, impact the printing process. Especially, understanding the rheology of the polymer and API–polymer mixtures is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms or printed structures. This review has summarized a holistic materials–process perspective for polymers on extrusion-based 3D printing. The main focus herein will be both FDM and PAM 3D printing processes. It elaborates the discussion on the comparison of 3D printing with the traditional direct compression process, the necessity of rheology, and the characterization techniques required for the printed structure, drug, and excipients. The current technological challenges, regulatory aspects, and the direction toward which the technology is moving, especially for personalized pharmaceuticals and multi-drug printing, are also briefly discussed.

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