scholarly journals Detection of Depression in Acute Schizophrenia: Sensitivity and Specificity of 2 Standard Observer Rating Scales

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias J Müller ◽  
Kay-Maria Müller ◽  
Andreas Fellgiebel
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Detection Of Depression

Objective: To compare the psychometric properties of the Calgary Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) for severity assessment of depression in acute schizophrenia. Method: During clinical routine treatment, we investigated 119 inpatients with acute schizophrenia, using the CDRS, the HDRS, and a global 4-point Depression Severity Scale (DEP-SEV). We compared CDRS and HDRS sum scores regarding their diagnostic accuracy, with global severity of depression as the criterion. We estimated sensitivity and specificity on the basis of receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: According to global clinical ratings (DEP-SEV), 31% of patients had no depression, 19% had mild, 31% had moderate, and 19% had severe depression. Sensitivity was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) for the CDRS than for the HDRS to assess mild (0.94 vs 0.76, cut-off 3 vs 10 points) or severe depression (1.00 vs 0.78, cut-off 11 vs 22 points); specificity was comparably high (≥ 0.88) for both scales. Conclusion: Despite the fact that both scales were effective in separating mild, moderate, and severe depression, significant advantages emerged for the CDRS to detect mild or severe depression in schizophrenia.

The Carroll Rating Scale for Depression III. Comparison with Other Rating Instruments

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Feinberg ◽  
Bernard J. Carroll ◽  
Peter E. Smouse ◽  
Sarah G. Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
The Self ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Cost

SummaryPatients in an affective disorders out-patient clinic were studied with four depression rating scales: the Hamilton rating scale (HRS) the Carroll rating scale (CRS) a clinical global rating of depression (CGRD) and the visual analogue scale (VAS). The overall correlations between the self ratings (CRS, VAS) and the observer ratings (HRS, CGRD) were highly significant. Both the HRS and the CRS distinguished mild from moderate, and moderate from severe depression. CRS scores increased more rapidly than HRS scores with increasing severity of depression. The concordance of self ratings and observer ratings was highest for the two structured instruments (HRS and CRS), and was lowest for the two global scales (CGRD and VAS). The global scales have the advantages of speed and simplicity, but at the cost of some reliability. Patients with non-endogenous depression had significantly increased self rating scores in comparison to patients with unipolar or bipolar endogenous depression. The correlations between the self ratings and the observer ratings were notably lower in patients with non-endogenous depression than in patients with endogenous depression. Euthymic bipolar patients rated themselves on the VAS as significantly less well than euthymic unipolar patients. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Ralte Lalthankimi ◽  
Padmavathi Nagarajan ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Jeby Jose Olickal
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Severity Of Depression

Abstract Objectives Mental disorders have a large impact on death by suicide. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviors among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and the associated factors. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among individuals aged 18 to 65 years, diagnosed with MDD in the Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Center, Puducherry during March to October 2019. Severity of depression was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to find the suicidal behaviors. Results For 166 participants in the study, mean (standard deviation) age was 40 (11) years and majority were females (76%). More than one-third (37%) had severe or very severe depression, and the prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts were 83, 24, and 35%, respectively. After adjusting the covariates, the severity of depression and unemployment were significantly associated with suicidal attempts (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR] = 11.4 and 1.9), and very severe depression was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR = 1.6). Among 140 individuals with suicidal ideation, 45 (32%) had an ideation frequency of 2 to 3 times/week, 69 (50%) had ideation for 1 hour, 36 (26%) could control ideation with little difficulty, and 12% had suicidal ideation mostly to end or stop their pain. Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempts were significantly high in MDD patients, and the severity of depression was significantly associated with it. Early identification of high-risk suicidal behavior and implementation of effective preventive interventions are necessary to reduce death by suicide in these groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence and severity of depression in patients with the consequences of ischemic strokes and in patients with chronic brain ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
A. Babirad
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Brain Ischemia ◽  
Severity Of Depression

The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of depression in patients with the consequences of ischemic strokes and in patients with chronic brain ischemia. Material and Methods. We examined 100 patients with consequences of ischemic strokes and 17 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess the presence and degree of depression. Conclusions. Slightly less than half of the patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (47.1%) had no depression, 42.1% had mild depression, and only 11.8% of the patients had moderate and severe depression. A different situation was observed in the group of patients with the consequences of ischemic strokes. Among them, only 22.0% of patients had no depression, 44.0% had mild depression, and 34.0% of patients had moderate, severe, and extremely severe depression (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals DEPRESSION IN ACNE VULGARIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 892-895
Author(s):  
Naima Luqman ◽  
Niaz Maqsood ◽  
Wajih-Ur- Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Hospital Study

INTRODUCTION: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of pilo-sebaceous glands,which most commonly affect face and trunk. It is most prevalent in adolescent age group. Ithas been seen that acne can have profound social and psychological effects which are notnecessarily related to its clinical severity. Objectives: To determine the frequency and severity ofdepression among acne patients attending the outpatient dermatology department, of a tertiarycare hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: Department ofDermatology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from September, 2013 to November, 2013.Subjects & Methods: Informed written consent was taken from patients for the study, seventypatients of acne, diagnosed by consultant dermatologist were inducted. The severity of acnewas determined by Global Acne Grading System. Both genders were included, the age rangewas from 16 to 40 years. Those patients with concomitant dermatological, psychiatric diseasesand those receiving systemic isotretinoin were excluded. The patients fulfilling inclusioncriteria were assessed for depressive symptoms and Hamilton Depression rating scale wasadministered for severity of depression. Results: 70 patients were included in the study, amongthem 14 (20%) were male and 56 (80%) were females. Most of the acne patients were of the age16-20 years [24 (34.3%)]. Mild depression was seen in 26% patients (18%-were females and8%-males). Severe depression was present in 14% of patients, among which 11% were females& 3% were males. Very severe depression was noted in 18% patients among which 16% werefemale and 2% were males. Conclusions: it can be concluded that Dermatologists should paydue attention to the psychological/ mental state of the patient while clinically evaluating andtreating patients suffering from acne vulgaris

scholarly journals Association of C-Reactive Protein with Mild and Severe Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni Singh ◽  
Sunita Tiwari ◽  
Wahid Ali ◽  
Shraddha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Depression Group ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Serum Crp

Introduction: Depression is associated with increased serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in circulation. Inflammatory response is established as an important factor in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Increased levels of CRP are associated with Cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The objective of the present study was to assess the changes in circulating CRP level according to severity of depression. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Physiology Department of KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, with time duration of one year. Study group comprised of 40 drug naïve depressive patients between the age group of 18-40 years enrolled in the study. Diagnosis of depression was based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Patients were divided into two groups (mild depression and severe depression) on the basis of severity of depression accessed via Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). Serum CRP levels were accessed on both groups by commercially available ELISA kit. Results: Statistically insignificant relationship was seen when age (p=0.14), Blood Pressure (BP) {Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (p=0.102) and Diastolic Blood Presure (DBP) (p=0.270)}, Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=0.539) were compared with both mild and severe depression group. Serum CRP levels and both the depression group (mild depression and severe depression) showed statistically significant relationship (p=0.015). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there exist a significant association of serum CRP levels with severity of depression. Patients with severe depression have lower levels of CRP as compared to patients with mild depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Hamilton rating scale for depression subset scales and full versions for electroconvulsive therapy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259861
Author(s):  
Caoimhe Fenton ◽  
Declan M. McLoughlin
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Objectives We investigated the predictive value of subset scales and full versions of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) for therapeutic outcomes in ECT. Methods This secondary analysis of patients with major depression (N = 136; 63% female; age = 56.7 [SD = 14.8]) from the EFFECT-Dep trial (NCT01907217) examined the predictive value of Evans-6, Toronto-7, Gibbons-8 and Maier-Philip 6 HAMD subset scales and three ‘full’ versions (HAMD-17, HAMD-21 and HAMD-24) on therapeutic outcomes. We also examined early improvement on subset scales and full versions as predictors of response and remission and explored predictive abilities of individual HAMD-24 items. Results The subset scales and full scales lacked sufficient predictive ability for response and remission. Receiver operating characteristic curves identified a lack of discriminative capacity of HAMD subset scales and full versions at baseline to predict response and remission. Only the Maier-Philip-6 was significantly associated with percentage reduction in HAMD-24 scores from baseline to end of ECT course. Early improvement on most of the subset scales and full versions was a sensitive and specific predictor of response and remission. Four of the HAMD-24 items were significantly associated with response and one with remission. Conclusions Limited utility of the HAMD subset scales and full versions in this context highlight a need for more tailored depression rating scales for ECT.

scholarly journals Depression Measurement Instruments: An Overview of the Top Depression Rating Scales

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Depression Measurement ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Behavioral Score

The range of rating instruments in depression measurement and the depth of their analytical relevance constitutes a major development in this psychiatric and psychotherapeutic field of mental health. Though the competition is acute amongst these various instruments, the results for the public have been outstandingly positive. A depression rating scale is essentially a psychiatric measuring instrument utilized in the identification and ranking of depression severity within the patient. The scale provides the practitioner, psychiatrist or psychotherapist, with sufficient information to assess the severity of the depression plotted on the scale. Not used as a &ldquo;diagnostic tool&rdquo; itself, nevertheless, the depression rating scale does function as an effective device for designating and assigning a behavioral score which may, then, be used in establishing the severity of depression of value in the designation of a diagnosis and treatment formula. In this paper, we will take a close look at the leading depression rating scales and briefly summarize their scope of assessment value in rating depression.

Cortical evoked potentials and clinical rating scales as measures of depressive illness

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ashton ◽  
J. F. Golding ◽  
V. R. Marsh ◽  
J. W. Thompson ◽  
F. Hassanyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Cortical Evoked Potentials ◽  
Clinical Rating ◽  
Severity Of Depression

SynopsisRelationships between clinical ratings and cortical evoked potentials were examined before and during antidepressant drug treatment in 32 patients with major depressive disorder (DSM-III). Clinical rating scales included Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression Inventory, Present State Examination (PSE) and Newcastle Scale. Evoked potentials included contingent negative variation (CNV), post-imperative negative variation (PINV) and auditory evoked potential (AEP) There were close correlations between all rating scales, and factor analysis produced only one component, suggesting that the common variance between them related to severity of depression. CNV magnitude before treatment correlated negatively with severity of depression regardless of diagnostic category. Depressed patients had a prominent PINV which persisted during antidepressant treatment. The amplitude of late components (N1P2) of the AEP was reduced strikingly in patients with a history of suicide attempts.

scholarly journals DEPRESSION;

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1177-1181
Author(s):  
Ejaz Gul ◽  
Muhammad Muslim Khan ◽  
Mukhtiar Azeemi ◽  
Pirzada Muhammad Muneeb
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms

Depression is a common problem among women. Different variables contributein influencing depression among women. Menopause is one variable that may trigger symptomsof depression. Different variables jointly contribute in influencing the presentation of menopausalsymptoms including sociocultural, psychological and environmental factors. No studies havebeen conducted to assess mean age and symptoms of depression among menopausalwomen of Mardan. Objectives: To assess accompanying symptoms of depression and theirseverity among menopausal women. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: GynaeOut-patient Department at Mardan Medical Complex. Period: February 2017 to October 2017.Methods: The sample consisted of 200 women ranging in age from 45-71 years. Each patientwas assessed using sociodemographic sheet, menopausal symptoms were assessed usingMenopausal rating scale and severity of depression was measured using Hamilton depressionscale. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0. Results: According to thefindings of this study, mean age at menopause was noted to be 49.1 ranging from 44-59. Amongthe many predominant menopausal symptoms, the most common among these symptomsreported were joint and muscle discomfort in 62% of women, followed by sleep problem (17%),and physical and mental exhaustion (11%). The least reported menopausal symptoms weredrying of vagina, sexual problems and anxiety. Depression was found among 26 % of thefemale participants according to Hamilton scoring criteria. Mild depressive symptoms werenoted among 24%, moderate depressive symptoms 14%, severe 5% and very severe 7%.Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, 50 % of the participants lies in therange of depression according to Hamilton depression scores. Among these 50%, more thanhalf 26 % lies in the range of severe to very severe depression while the rest 24% lies in therange of mild to moderate depression.

The Evaluation of Depression in Inpatients with HIV Disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cockram ◽  
Fiona K. Judd ◽  
Anne Mijch ◽  
Trevor Norman
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Loss Of Libido

Objectives: The aim of this paper is: to compare the utility of four approaches to the diagnosis of depression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease; to examine the utility of four rating scales to assess the presence and severity of depression; and to devise a set of substitutive criteria that would be appropriate in patients with HIV disease. Method: A group of inpatients was assessed using standard clinical interview. Patients found to have major depression using DSM-III-R (aetiological) criteria were assessed using inclusive, substitutive and exclusive criteria for the diagnosis of depression. Severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Rating Scale (CES-D). Agroup of control patients were matched for age and severity of HIV illness. Results: Seventeen patients met DSM-III-R (aetiological criteria) for major depression. All were male; they had a mean age of 40.6 years and one-third had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using alternative approaches to the diagnosis of depression, up to five additional ‘depressed’ patients were identified (‘false positives’). All 17 patients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria also met the substitutive and exclusive criteria but only 15 exclusive criteria. Of the 17 controls (not meeting DSM-III-R criteria), two met substitutive, five inclusive and one exclusive criteria for depression. The mean (±SD) scores for the patients and controls were significantly different on all four rating scales. Analysis of individual items on the rating scales revealed that a number did not show significant differences between the depressed and non-depressed groups: on the MADRS the items lassitude and inner tension; on the HDRS the three items depicting anxiety symptoms, loss of libido, hypochondriasis, loss of weight, and maintenance of insight; on the BDI a sense of being punished, disappointed in self, being self-critical, a feeling of looking unattractive, fatigue, weight loss, worried about health and loss of libido; on the CES-D I felt just as good as others, hopeful, talk less, people unfriendly and felt people dislike me. Conclusions: The aetiological approach used by clinicians familiar with the features of HIV disease, was found to be useful. All four rating scales differentiated equally well between depressed and non-depressed groups.

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