scholarly journals Interprovincial Variation in Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Prescriptions Dispensed in the Canadian Pediatric Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Arora ◽  
Sandra Knowles ◽  
Tara Gomes ◽  
Muhammad M. Mamdani ◽  
David N. Juurlink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
National Trends

Objective: Although antidepressants and antipsychotics are valuable medications in the treatment of select psychiatric disorders, there is increasing focus on the balance of risks and benefits of these drugs as prescribed, particularly in the pediatric population. We examined recent national trends and interprovincial variation in dispensing of antipsychotic and antidepressant prescriptions to the Canadian pediatric population. Method: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of antidepressant and antipsychotic prescriptions dispensed by Canadian pharmacies to the pediatric population (≤18 years) between 2010 and 2013. Prescription volumes were obtained from IMS Health. Analysis was stratified by drug, year, quarter, and province and population-standardized using age-adjusted population estimates. Results: From the first quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2013, dispensing of antipsychotics to the pediatric population increased 33% (from 34 to 45 prescriptions per 1000) and dispensing of antidepressants increased 63% (from 34 to 55 per 1000). We observed a 1.5-fold interprovincial difference in dispensing rates for antidepressants (range: 189 per 1000 to 275 per 1000) and a 3.0-fold difference for antipsychotics (range: 85 per 1000 to 253 per 1000) in 2013. Among antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most dispensed (76%), with fluoxetine being the leading agent. Among antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics were the most dispensed (97%), with risperidone being the leading agent. Conclusions: Antipsychotic and antidepressant dispensing to the Canadian pediatric population increased from 2010 to 2013, with considerable interprovincial variation. Future research is required to explore reasons for observed patterns to optimize care for the Canadian pediatric population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041755
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Jill E Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.

scholarly journals Myopia, corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in a Japanese population-based cross-sectional study: the JPHC-NEXT Eye Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiko Aketa ◽  
Miki Uchino ◽  
Motoko Kawashima ◽  
Yuichi Uchino ◽  
Kenya Yuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Cell Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density

AbstractThis population-based cross-sectional study was performed to determine the mean corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonality (HEX), and their associations with myopia in Japanese adults living in Chikusei city. Of 7109 participants with available data, 5713 (2331 male and 3382 female) participants were eligible for analysis. After assessing the relationship between participant characteristics and spherical equivalent refraction (SER), the association of SER with the abnormal value of ECD (< 2000 cells/mm), CV (≥ 0.40), and HEX (≤ 50%) were determined using the logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders (age, intraocular pressure, keratometric power, height, and antihypertensive drug use). In male participants, there was no statistically significant relationships between SER and endothelial parameters. In female participants, compared to emmetropia, SER ≤ − 6 D had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of having the abnormal value of CV (OR = 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–3.10) and HEX (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.29–3.23), adjusted for potential confounders, indicating that the high myopia was associated with the abnormal values of CV and HEX. Further adjustment for contact lenses wear partly attenuated these associations. Association between the SER and ECD was not detected.

scholarly journals PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: discriminating factors in a population-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1890937
Author(s):  
Ieva Daniunaite ◽  
Marylene Cloitre ◽  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Siri Thoresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complex Ptsd ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Media consumption and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: a UK cross-sectional study across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth D Neill ◽  
Carolyn Blair ◽  
Paul Best ◽  
Emily McGlinchey ◽  
Cherie Armour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection

Abstract Aim As individuals adjust to new ‘norms’ and ways of living during the COVID-19 lockdown, there is a continuing need for up-to-date information and guidance. Evidence suggests that frequent media exposure is related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems, especially anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether COVID-19 related media consumption is associated with changes in mental health outcomes. Methods This paper presents baseline data from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. The cross-sectional study data was collected using an online survey following the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with some other basic information collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influence of socio-demographic and media specific factors on anxiety and depression. Results The study suggested that media usage is statistically significantly associated with anxiety and depression on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales with excessive media exposure related to higher anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion This study indicated that higher media consumption was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Worldwide it should be acknowledged that excessive media consumption, particularly social media relating to COVID-19, can have an effect on mental health. However, as this was a cross-sectional study we cannot infer any directionality as we cannot infer cause and effect; therefore, future research involving longitudinal data collection and analyses of variables over time is warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document