Morphology, mechanical, and crystallization behaviors of micro- and nano-ZnO filled polypropylene composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar U. Zaman ◽  
Park Deuk Hun ◽  
Ruhul A. Khan ◽  
Keun-Byoung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Crystallization Behaviors ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw

The aim of this study was to study the effect of ZnO concentration on the morphology, mechanical, and crystallization behaviors of iPP. Three compositions of iPP/mZnO and iPP/nZnO composites were prepared in a co-rotational twin-screw extruder machine with ZnO content of 2 wt%, 5 wt%, and 8 wt%. Tensile tests showed that the tensile strength at yield and tensile modulus of the composites tended to increase with increasing contents of mZnO/nZnO particles. This improvement in the tensile properties was attributed to good interfacial adhesion between the fillers and the matrix, as evidenced by TEM examination. The tensile strength at yield and tensile modulus values of iPP/nZnO composite with the addition of 2–8 wt% nZnO are higher than those of virgin iPP, and even higher than those of iPP/mZnO composite with the addition of 2–8 wt% mZnO. The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of iPP/mZnO and iPP/nZnO composites was investigated using DSC. The results indicated that the interfacial interaction between iPP and mZnO/nZnO increased the crystallization temperature when the content of ZnO is 5 wt%.

Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate) Reinforced with Alpha Cellulose

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Sarit Liprapan ◽  
Thumnoon Nhujak ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Twin Screw

The objective of this study is to prepare α-cellulose reinforced poly (butylene succinate) composites (PBS/α-cellulose). The effect of amount α-cellulose on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. To improve interfacial interaction between PBS and α-cellulose, glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly (butylene succinate) (PBS-g-GMA) was used as a compatibilizer. Mechanical properties of PBS composites prepared by using a twin-screw extruder were investigated. The mechanical properties of PBS/α-cellulose decreased due to the agglomeration of α-cellulose. Nevertheless, tensile strength, Young’s modulus and flexural strength of PBS composites were improved after the incorporation of PBS-g-GMA. The optimum loading of PBS-g-GMA and α-cellulose in the PBS was found to be 5 and 6 phr.

Mechanical Properties of PP/clay Nanocomposites Prepared from Masterbatch: Effect of Nanoclay Loadings and Re-Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Cholila Tamzysi ◽  
Lilis Kistriyani ◽  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Dhoni Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw

PP/clay nanocomposites samples of 1st and 2nd cycles (recycle) and different nanoclay loadings (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 wt%) samples were made by utilizing twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine. The samples were then characterized using a tensile test machine. The tensile tests results showed that modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the nanocomposites samples for both 1st and 2nd cycles were all higher than the neat PP, and increased with increasing nanoclay loadings. The enhancements of modulus of elasticity (as compared to the neat PP) for 1st cycle of the nanocomposites were about 38.08%, 49.33%, and 78.65% for NC-5-I, NC-10-I, and NC-15-I, respectively. Whereas, for the 2nd cycle of the nanocomposites were about 44.33%, 59.59%, and 84.69% for NC-5-II, NC-10-II, and NC-15-I, respectively. This indicated that the incorporation of nanoclay in the PP matrix significantly increased mechanical properties, especially modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the nanocomposites. Additionally, values of modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of 1st cycle and 2nd cycle of PP/clay nanocomposites were compared by plotting them in two graphs. The plots revealed that reprocessing of the nanocomposites did not significantly influence the mechanical properties of the nancomposites.

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroutioun Askanian ◽  
Vincent Verney ◽  
Sophie Commereuc ◽  
René Guyonnet ◽  
Valérie Massardier
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Composites Processing

Abstract Composites have been prepared with polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and pine flours, either thermally treated (Wtr) or not (W), as fillers resulting in wood plastic composites (WPCs). The treatment by retification at 280° mainly elevates the hydrophobicity of wood. The WPCs were fabricated with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with the screw speeds of 500 and 1200 rpm and specimens were prepared by injection molding. Viscoelastic behavior, tensile test and Charpy impact test of Wtr PC were compared with PP and WPC. Wtr PC has a better dispersion and highest tensile modulus. As expected, a decrease in elongation at break and impact strength was observed for all composites. Processing at 1200 rpm improved by 60% the Young modulus of the WPC compared to 500 rpm, whereas 500 rpm was enough to obtain the highest modulus for Wtr PC.

Effect of Jute Fiber’s Thermal Degradation on the Fiber Strength and its Polymer Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Takayasu Fujiura ◽  
Ryosuke Nakamura ◽  
Tatsuya Tanaka ◽  
Yoshihiko Arao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Molded Sample

In this study, we investigated the effect of jute fiber’s thermal degradation on fiber strength and its polymer composite. First, we conducted a tensile strength test of a single jute fiber. Next, polyethylene and jute fibers were mixed by twin-screw extruder to make pellets. After making pellets, we used injection molding machine to make the test pieces. Tensile tests were conducted using injection molded sample. As a result, in the experiment of the single fibers, tensile strength of jute fiber monotonically decreased with increasing drying temperature. In case of composite, the tensile strength of molded sample increased with increasing control temperature in twin screw extrude in a range between 150°C ~ 220°C. When the temperature of twin-screw extruder was controlled above 300°C, pellets were burned black by thermal degradation and couldn’t fabricate the test piece.

Determination of the phase structure of polymerblends by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Dr. G. Kaemof
Keyword(s):  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

A mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer (SAN) represents a very good example for the efficiency of electron microscopic investigations concerning the determination of optimum production procedures for high grade product properties.The following parameters have been varied:components of charge (PC : SAN 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30), kind of compounding machine (single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, discontinuous kneader), mass-temperature (lowest and highest possible temperature).The transmission electron microscopic investigations (TEM) were carried out on ultra thin sections, the PC-phase of which was selectively etched by triethylamine.The phase transition (matrix to disperse phase) does not occur - as might be expected - at a PC to SAN ratio of 50 : 50, but at a ratio of 65 : 35. Our results show that the matrix is preferably formed by the components with the lower melting viscosity (in this special case SAN), even at concentrations of less than 50 %.

Morphology of High-Performance Rigid-Rod Polymer Fibers and Molecular Composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
W.W. Adams ◽  
S. J. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Molecular Composites ◽  
Rigid Rod

Rigid-rod polymers such as PBO, poly(paraphenylene benzobisoxazole), Figure 1a, are now in commercial development for use as high-performance fibers and for reinforcement at the molecular level in molecular composites. Spinning of liquid crystalline polyphosphoric acid solutions of PBO, followed by washing, drying, and tension heat treatment produces fibers which have the following properties: density of 1.59 g/cm3; tensile strength of 820 kpsi; tensile modulus of 52 Mpsi; compressive strength of 50 kpsi; they are electrically insulating; they do not absorb moisture; and they are insensitive to radiation, including ultraviolet. Since the chain modulus of PBO is estimated to be 730 GPa, the high stiffness also affords the opportunity to reinforce a flexible coil polymer at the molecular level, in analogy to a chopped fiber reinforced composite. The objectives of the molecular composite concept are to eliminate the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the fiber and the matrix, as occurs in conventional composites, to eliminate the interface between the fiber and the matrix, and, hopefully, to obtain synergistic effects from the exceptional stiffness of the rigid-rod molecule. These expectations have been confirmed in the case of blending rigid-rod PBZT, poly(paraphenylene benzobisthiazole), Figure 1b, with stiff-chain ABPBI, poly 2,5(6) benzimidazole, Fig. 1c A film with 30% PBZT/70% ABPBI had tensile strength 190 kpsi and tensile modulus of 13 Mpsi when solution spun from a 3% methane sulfonic acid solution into a film. The modulus, as predicted by rule of mixtures, for a film with this composition and with planar isotropic orientation, should be 16 Mpsi. The experimental value is 80% of the theoretical value indicating that the concept of a molecular composite is valid.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Jiang ◽  
Kai Liao ◽  
Juan-Juan Han ◽  
De-Xian Feng ◽  
Han-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw

Polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composite was melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. Two types of MDH were used, one with the modification of silane and another without. The rheological behavior was measured by capillary and dynamical rheometer. Microstructure of these composites was observed by SEM. Their flame retardancy was characterized by oxygen index and Horizontal/Vertical burning test. Results showed that shear viscosity and complex viscosity of PP with modified MDH were lower than that of PP with non-modified MDH. SEM results also showed a better dispersion of silane modified MDH in PP matrix. With the increase of MDH content, the oxygen index of composites was increased. When the content was increased to 60 wt%, the composite was UL94 HB and V-1.

Melt extrudate swell behavior of polypropylene composites filled with hollow glass beads

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhao Liang ◽  
Ming-Qiang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Extrudate Swell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Swell Ratio ◽  
Twin Screw

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) composites filled with hollow glass beads (HGB) were prepared by means of a twin-screw extruder. The extrudate swell ratio (B) of the PP/HGB composite melts was measured using a melt flow indexer under experimental conditions, with temperatures from 190°C to 230°C and loads varying from 1.20 kg to 7.50 kg, to identify the effects of the extrusion conditions and the particle size and content on the extrudate swell of composite melts. The results showed that the value of B of the composites increased nonlinearly with an increase of shear stress, while it decreased linearly with a rise of temperature. When the load and temperature were constant, the value of B increased nonlinearly with an increase of the HGB diameter, whereas it reduced nonlinearly with an increase of the HGB volume fraction. This should be attributed to the elastic deformation energy stored in the flow of the composite melts, which was decreased with an increase of the HGB number and content.

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