The effect of different variables on in-plane radial permeability of natural fiber mats

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (19) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ehresmann ◽  
Ali Amiri ◽  
Chad Ulven
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Wax Content

There has been a vast growth in manufacturing of fiber reinforced plastics by means of liquid composite molding such as resin transfer molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding processes. In these processes, compression of the porous media and pressure of the injected resin result in in-mold forces that need to be determined. Limited information exists regarding the processing parameters and extent of reinforcing potential natural fibers have in polymer matrices. Current study investigates the effect of different variables such as fiber volume fraction, shive content, fiber size, wax content, and resin viscosity on permeability of five different natural fiber mats. Flax fiber with low-, medium-, and high-shive content as well as hemp and kenaf fiber mats was selected for this study and an original experimental device was setup to measure the permeability of the mentioned fiber mats based on different variables. It was found that increasing fiber volume fraction will result in reduction of permeability of all mats. The presence of shive and larger fiber size increased the permeability. Higher wax content lowered the permeability. These competing factors could be used by manufacturers to produce a mat which had optimum permeability while still maintaining acceptable strength.

Optical measurement of local permeability of flax fiber fabrics before liquid composite molding

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (24) ◽  
pp. 3289-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Cosson
Keyword(s):  
Optical Method ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Transmission Measurement ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Composite Molding

Tracking the variability of natural fiber-based fabrics properties, such as local areal weight, fiber volume fraction, and therefore permeability, is crucial to optimize the parts processing of the bio-composites. This paper aims at developing a cost-effective and efficient optical method in order to predict the permeability of flax fabrics used in liquid composite molding processes. This method using an LCD monitor as light source and a reflex camera as a measurement device is based on light transmission measurement through fabric thickness. The raw data given by the camera are gray scale maps, transformed into areal weight maps. FEM software based on levelset method is finally used to highlight the influence of the local variability of the fiber volume fraction, and of the related fabrics porosity and permeability on the mold filling time. The proposed method can be directly implemented on the manufacturing line of the composites. It can be used to optimize, part-to-part, the resin consumption by predicting the resin flow through perform. Interestingly, this novel optical method is auto-calibrated and does not depend on picture resolution.

scholarly journals Impact and shear properties of carbon fabric/ poly-dicyclopentadiene composites manufactured by vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong Min Yoo ◽  
Moo Sun Kim ◽  
Bum Soo Kim ◽  
Dong Jun Kwon ◽  
Sung Woong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDicyclopentadiene (DCPD) resin has gained popularity owing to its fast curing time and ease of processing with a low viscosity in the monomer state. In the present study, the impact and shear properties of a carbon fiber (CF)/p-DCPD composite were investigated. The CF/p-DCPD composite was manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding with CF as the reinforcement and p-DCPD as the resin with a maximum fiber volume fraction of 55 weight percent. Impact and shear properties of the CF/p-DCPD composite were evaluated and compared with those of a CF/Epoxy composite. The maximum shear stress and modulus of the CF/p-DCPD composite were lower than that of the CF/Epoxy composite. However, the CF/p-DCPD composite had higher toughness than that of the CF/Epoxy composite; this indicates that it is tougher and exhibits a more ductile load-displacement response with a lower modulus and larger failure deformation. The impact strength of the CF/p-DCPD composite was about three time that of the CF/Epoxy composite. The higher impact strength of the CF/p-DCPD composite is attributed to the resin characteristics: epoxy resin has a more brittle behavior, and hence, higher energy is required for crack propagation due to fracture.

Influence of fiber volume fraction and curing temperature on mechanical properties of jute/PLA green composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
Jai Inder Preet Singh ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Vikas Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Fiber Volume

Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources have resulted in an increased interest in biodegradable natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In this research work, jute fiber has been used as a reinforcement and polylactic acid (PLA) as the matrix material to develop jute/PLA green composites with the help of compression molding technique. The effect of fiber volume fraction ranging from 25% to 50% and curing temperature ranging from 160°C to 180°C on different samples were investigated for mechanical properties and water absorption. Results obtained from various tests indicate that with an increase in the fiber volume fraction, tensile and flexural strength increases till 30% fiber fraction, thereafter decreases with further increase in fiber content. Maximum tensile and flexural strength of jute/PLA composites was obtained with 30% fiber volume fraction at 160°C curing temperature. The trend obtained from mechanical properties is further justified through the study of surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy.

Mechanics of Natural Composites

1990 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Saliba ◽  
Rebecca C. Schiavone ◽  
Stephen L. Gunderson ◽  
Denise G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Natural Composites ◽  
As Stress

AbstractThis study was initiated to investigate the structural response of the bessbeetle to determine potential advantageous ramifications and effects on the optimization of synthetic composite materials. The result of the micromechanics sensitivity study of various parameters are presented. Variables such as fiber size and shape, fiber volume fraction, ratio of modulus of elasticity of fiber over matrix, are changed one variable at a time, and the response quantities such as stress and tranverse modulus are presented.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Sifat Mekanik Komposit Serat Alam Limbah Sabut Kelapa (Cocofiber) yang Biodegradable

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Sri Hastuti ◽  
Herru Santosa Budiono ◽  
Diki Ilham Ivadiyanto ◽  
Muhammad Nurdin Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Coconut Coir ◽  
The Impact

Inovasi baru serat dari sabut kelapa dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari serat sabut kelapa, oleh karena itu dirancanglah pendayagunaan serat dari sabut kelapa untuk penguat komposit dengan material serat alam yang biodegradable. Hal ini untuk mendukung penggunaan komposit yang ramah terhadap lingkungan dan mengurangi penggunaan material komposit serat sintetis yang polutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis sifat mekanik pada komposit serat alam bermaterial serat dari sabut kelapa yang ramah lingkungan. Metode penelitian pembuatan komposit berpenguat serat dari sabut kelapa dilakukan treatment NaOH 15% selama 5 jam dan fraksi volume serat 10 %, 15 %, dan 20 %. Komposit  serat dari sabut kelapa dengan matriks UPRs 157 BQTN dengan hardener MEXPO. Pengujian mekanik dilakukan uji bending menggunakan standar ASTM D790 dan uji impak  menggunakan standar ASTM D5941.  Pengujian impak komposit serat alam menunjukkan ketangguhan impak komposit pada fraksi volume serat 20% dengan nilai 0.017588J/mm2. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serta berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kekuatan bending komposit serat dari sabut kelapa  dengan kekuatan optimum bending pada fraksi volume serat 10% dengan nilai 44,33N/mm2. Hal ini menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serat dengan perendaman NaOH 15% akan meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit. Perendaman NaOH memberikan pengaruh daya serap sabut kelapa terhadap matrik Unsaturated Polyester yang dapat meningkatkan daya rekat antara penguat serat dengan matrik sehingga meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit. ABSTRACT The innovation of coco fiber is used to increase the economic value of coconut coir, therefore the utilization of coconut fiber for reinforcing composites with biodegradable natural fiber material is designed. This is to support the use of composites that are friendly to the environment and reduce the use of pollutant synthetic fiber composite materials. The research objective was to analyze the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites with environmentally friendly coconut fiber as material. The research method of making fiber-reinforced composites from coconut coir was carried out by 15% NaOH treatment for 5 hours and a fiber volume fraction of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Composite fiber from coconut coir with UPRs 157 BQTN matrix with MEXPO hardener. Mechanical testing is carried out using the ASTM D790 standard and the impact test using the ASTM D5941 standard. The impact test of natural fiber composites showed the impact toughness of the composite at a fiber volume fraction of 20% with a value of 0.017588 J/ mm2. The test results showed an increase in volume fraction and an effect on the increase in the bending strength of coconut fiber composites with the optimum bending strength at a fiber volume fraction of 10% with a value of 44.33N /mm2. This shows that the increase in fiber volume fraction by immersion in 15% NaOH will increase the bending mechanical properties and the impact of the composite. Soaking NaOH has an effect on the absorption power of coconut coir on the Unsaturated Polyester matrix which can increase the adhesion between the fiber reinforcement and the matrix thereby increasing the bending mechanical properties and impact of the composite.

Effects of Fiber Contents on Wear Resistance of Salacca zalacca Frond Fiber Reinforced Phenolic

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Heru Santoso Budi Rochardjo ◽  
Muhammad Ridlo
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Main Factor

In the last decades, natural fiber composites have received much attention as important structural materials for lightweight components in automotive, and space industries because of low density, high specific strength, and environment-friendly materials. Some natural fibers, however, still not applied in more useful structure, one of which is the frond fiber of snake fruit (salacca zalacca). This fiber is usually just burned or fired as the agricultural waste. The present paper presents the result of the development of frond salacca fiber as the wear component of natural fiber reinforced phenolic. In this composite, the fiber and the phenolic are in the form of powder. The variation of fiber volume fraction was used as the main factor in the tribology characteristics of the composite. The specific wear and also the hardness is then compared to that of the existed commercially available motorbike brake pad as a comparison.

Compression molding of algae fiber and epoxy composites: Modeling of elastic modulus

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (19) ◽  
pp. 1202-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Constante ◽  
Selvum Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Natural Fiber Composites ◽  
Fiber Volume

The demand for natural fiber composites in the automotive industry in both Europe and the United States has been forecasted to increase in the coming years. The natural fiber composites based on highly commercialized fibers such as flax, hemp, and sisal has grown to become an important sector of polymeric composites. However, little attention has been addressed to expanding natural fiber composites to include new sources of emerging natural reinforcements, such as reclaimed algae fibers, that have a multiple environmental benefits. Not only are extracted algae fibers biodegradable, the reclamation process has the added benefit of restoring health of waterways choked with algae. This study focuses on the processability of algae fiber–epoxy composites. Short fibers, chemically extracted from raw reclaimed algae, were prepared for natural fiber composite products in two ways. First, randomly oriented mats were produced using the wet-laid process to create layered, compression-molded laminates. Second, loose fibers were dispersed directly into the thermoset matrix to produce a bulk molding compound that was further compression molded into composite lamina. The effect of processing variables such as compaction pressure, temperature, and time were addressed. Moreover, the effect of fiber volume fraction ( υf) and fiber form were considered. Enhanced mechanical properties were found when 56% υf algae fiber was used for the compression-molded laminates composite. This variant exhibited an improvement on the flexural and tensile modulus of 70% and 86% when compared to the neat epoxy. However, the volume of porosity on the same variant was 11% due to lack of compression in some of the fibers. The effect of porosity on the theoretical stiffness was estimated by using the Cox–Krenchel model. Furthermore, an empirical exponential model was formulated to characterize the multi-scale effect of compaction pressure on the overall fiber volume fraction, υf.

Effect of layer shift on the out-of-plane permeability of 0°/90° noncrimp fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 2073-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangchao Fang ◽  
Jianjun Jiang ◽  
Junbiao Wang ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Dejia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Local Permeability ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Key Parameter

Layer shift has a great effect on the permeability which is a key parameter in resin transfer molding. In this paper, nine different unit cells were modeled based on the range of layer shift and decomposed into zones of characteristic yarn arrangement, respectively. For each unit cell, a set of equations was derived allowing description of the local permeability of each zone as a function of geometrical yarn parameters. The overall permeability was then modeled as a mixture of permeabilities of different zones with the electrical resistance analogy. Excellent agreement was found between predictions and experiment. Both results indicated that the channel flow had a dominant role in the whole flow through the fabrics. And the permeability values reached maximum when the empty regions were interconnected between upper and lower layers. In addition, the effect of fiber volume fraction on the differences of two extreme cases was also investigated.

scholarly journals Variation of the Mechanical Properties for Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites with Different Weight Ratio of Ziziphus Nummularia’s (Ber) Fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5393-5397
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Fiber Volume

In the present era, Natural fibers are favored for the formation of composites due to their low density, high strength, biodegradability, easy production, low carbon foot, environment friendly nature in comparison of synthetic fibers. This Paper deals with NFRC made from natural fibers obtained from the plants of arid region of Western Rajasthan on which a few researchers are focusing. This paper discuss on the extraction process of fiber from the ber’s stems, manufacturing of composites by using epoxy resin & ber’s fibers then testing of its mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength, young modulus, yield strength , and percentage elongation. Six Sample were made having weight ratio - 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.45, & 0. 6. Dog bone samples were prepared according to the ASTM D638 (Type IV) standard. Tensile strength varies from 12.19 MPa to 25 MPa, while young modulus varies from 1.4GPa to 2.9GPa for different weight ratios. Yield strength varies from 10.77 MPa to 21.16 MPa. Percentage of Elongation varies from 1 to 3%. These results shows that ber’s stems can be used for fiber extraction to manufacture composites materials & for better mechanical properties minimum fiber volume fraction percentage is 13% and maximum fiber fraction is 31%.This data can be used further when optimum value of fiber volume fraction is required to form composites from ber’s fibers.

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