Differences Between Content Conformity and Visual Conformity

The study of conformity has examined a variety of variables over the years. H. T. Moore's 1921 study and studies through the mid-1930s were generally based on content-centered stimuli. Asch and Sherif introduced a new dimension through their studies which used a neutral stimulus. As a result, through the past three decades much of the work in the area of conformity has followed Asch's design. During the entire period there does not appear to have been much interest in studying conformity using both content and visual stimuli. This study was designed to determine the differ ences between conformity behavior when Ss were presented con tent and visual stimuli. The results indicated: 1. that conformity may be higher on content stimuli than visual stimuli; 2. there was no significant difference in conformity between the two kinds of content used in the study; 3. there was no significant relationship between age and either criterion variable; 4. there was significant negative correlation between I.Q. and overall conformity (on both criterion variables); 5. there was a significant negative correlation between SAT scores and overall conformity; and 6. there was a significant negative correlation between SAT scores and content conformity.

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Yield and Safety of Transjugular Versus Percutaneous Liver Biopsies in Suspected Cases of Diffuse Liver Disease and Correlation of Yield of Transjugular Liver Biopsy with Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1716605 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mousam Dey ◽

Simi Das ◽

Argha Chatterjee ◽

Agnibha Dutta ◽

Ranajoy Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Biopsy ◽

Pressure Gradient ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Venous Pressure ◽

Major Complication ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient ◽

Transjugular Liver Biopsy ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Liver biopsy is indicated in both diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse liver diseases. Conventionally, percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) is used, as it is easily available, affordable and has a shorter procedure time, whereas transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is used in the setting of ascites and coagulopathy. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic yield of TJLB in comparison to PLB with tract embolization. Our secondary aims were to evaluate whether there is any difference in rate of major and minor complications between the two procedures and evaluate whether there is any correlation between diagnostic yield of TJLB and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). Methods In this retrospective study, we included a total of consecutive 123 patients who underwent liver biopsy through percutaneous (n = 97) and transjugular route (n = 26). We compared the yield of the specimen based on the number of complete portal tracts (CPT). Results There was no significant difference between mean CPT in TJLB and PLB specimens (mean CPT of TJLB and PLB were 10.9 ± 2.7 and 11.6 ±2.5, respectively [p = 0.566]). There was a moderate but significant negative correlation between the total number of CPT and HVPG in the TJLB group (Spearman’s rho − 0.58) (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in minor complication between the two procedures. Only one patient who underwent PLB developed major complication and none of TLJB procedure had any major complication. Conclusion Yield of tissue and complication rates are comparable in TJLB and PLB groups. Yield of tissue in TJLB have intermediate but significant negative correlation with HVPG.

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Calcitriol Elevation Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Refractory Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Solid Tumors

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgz278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. e1115-e1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tariq Chukir ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Katherine Hoffman ◽

John P Bilezikian ◽

Azeez Farooki

Keyword(s):

Solid Tumors ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Response Rate ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Hematologic Malignancies ◽

Antiresorptive Therapy ◽

Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy ◽

Metastatic Lesions ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a common complication of advanced cancer. PTH-independent HCM may be mediated through different mechanisms: (1) humoral HCM, caused by the secretion of PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), (2) local osteolysis resulting from metastatic lesions, and (3) calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia. Calcitriol-mediated HCM in patients with nonlymphomatous solid tumors is thought to be rare. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review from 2008 to 2017 to characterize further patients at our institution with solid tumors who had HCM with concomitant elevations in calcitriol. Patients with PTH-dependent hypercalcemia and patients with evidence of granulomatous disease were excluded, as were patients with hematologic malignancies. We hypothesized that patients with HCM and elevated calcitriol levels would respond less favorably to treatment with antiresorptive therapy compared with patients with HCM but without calcitriol elevation. We also aimed to assess mortality and determine if PTHrP and phosphorus levels correlate with calcitriol because both factors may alter calcitriol levels. Results Of 101 eligible patients, calcitriol was elevated in 45 (45%). PTHrP was elevated in 76% of patients with elevated calcitriol compared with 52% of patients without calcitriol elevation. The mean PTHrP value did not differ between patients with HCM and elevated calcitriol (36.3 ± 22 pg/mL) and those without calcitriol elevation (37.4 ± 19 pg/mL). Those with elevated calcitriol levels generally did not respond completely to antiresorptive treatment (80% incomplete response rate), whereas most patients without an elevation in calcitriol responded well to antiresorptive treatment (78% response rate: P < .001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients with metastatic bone disease among the 2 groups (49% vs. 55%, respectively). There was no difference in mortality between the 2 groups (P = .14). A weak but significant negative correlation was found between phosphorus and calcitriol (Pearson r = -0.261, P = .016). This correlation was only significant in patients without calcitriol elevation (Pearson r = -0.4, P = .0082). Also, a significant negative correlation was found between PTHrP and phosphorus, again only in patients without calcitriol elevation. Discussion In the setting of HCM, patients with calcitriol elevation are much less likely to respond to antiresorptive therapy than patients without calcitriol elevation. Because calcitriol elevation did not appear to be correlated with hypophosphatemia or elevated PTHrP, it would appear that calcitriol production under these conditions is autonomous, and not subject to normal physiological controls. These observations indicate that calcitriol elevations in patients with HCM have clinical significance.

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Eye-Head Coordination during Optokinetic Stimulation in Squirrel Monkeys

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948109000122 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 85-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Takeshi Kubo ◽

David W. Jensen ◽

Makoto Igarashi ◽

Jerry L. Homick

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Squirrel Monkeys ◽

Slow Phase ◽

Optokinetic Stimulation ◽

The Gaze ◽

Significant Difference

Head and eye movements in the yaw plane were recorded during and after optokinetic stimulation in squirrel monkeys. 1) Phasic or tonic head deviations to the side of the ocular quick phase occurred in 94% of total recordings (n = 50) during the perstimulus period, and in 75% of recordings (n = 49) during the poststimulus period. Magnitude of mean head deviation was significantly different between perstimulus and poststimulus periods. 2) Head nystagmus associated with eye nystagmus was consistently observed in seven of nine squirrel monkeys during optokinetic stimulation. Squirrel monkeys are thereby less prone to display head nystagmus than either guinea pigs, pigeons or chickens. 3) Slow phase speeds of coupled head and eye nystagmus were subjected to statistical analysis. A highly significant negative correlation was found between slow phase head and eye speeds. The correlation coefficient was −0.81 at 60°/sec stimulus (n = 119) and −0.72 at 100°/sec stimulus (n = 131). The gaze speed, calculated by summing the head and eye speeds, was 59.1 ± 6.8/sec at 60°/sec and 92.2 ± 11.4 at 100°/sec stimulus. There was no significant difference between the gaze speed in a free head condition and the eye speed when the head was fixed.

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HEAVY METALS POLLUTION OF WHEAT FIELDS (SOIL AND LEAVES) SAMPLED FROM BASRAH AND MAYSAN PROVINCES

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.28_madhi_pgs_315_326.pdf ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (35) ◽

pp. 315-326

Author(s):

Qusai Hattab MADHI ◽

Mohammed Hamza ABASS ◽

Abdulnabi Abdul Ameer MATROOD

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Lead Content ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Heavy Metals Pollution ◽

Wheat Leaves

This study was conducted to estimate the level of some heavy metals, mainly Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) in the soil and wheat leaves of some wheat fields in Basra and Maysan province; the sampling areas were Al-Qurna, Al-Madinah, Al-Amara, Kumit, Ali Al-Sharqi, and Ali Al-Gharbi. It was performed the analysis using the Flame Atomic Spectrophotometer. The results indicated an increase in the concentrations of above mentioned these heavy metals in all examined areas; the levels in agricultural soils were found to be exceeding the internationally permissible limits according to EU-2000 standards, the highest levels of pollution were observed at Al- Qurna site with significant differences than other sites for both available and total HMs concentrations in soils. Indicating that the arrangement of the metals according to their available concentrations in the analyzed soil was as follows: lead (21.32 )˃ cobalt (14.63) ˃ chromium (11.06) ˃ cadmium (1.15) as mg/Kg of soil. Additionally, results showed that the highest lead content in the wheat leaves was examined in the Qurna fields (0.175 mg/kg), followed by Amara with a concentration of 0.136 mg/kg. The lowest concentration of lead was observed in wheat leaves in the Kumit fields (0.007 mg/kg). In terms of Cd concentration in wheat leaves, the highest level was observed in Al-Qurna, with a significant difference from other fields, reaching 0.009 mg/kg. The lowest concentration of this HM was recorded in Ali Al-Gharbi, which reached 0.002 mg/kg. The results of the correlation between the available concentration of heavy metals elements and soil characteristics revealed a significant correlation between the soil pH and lead, cadmium, and chromium available concentrations, whereas no correlation with cobalt and a significant correlation between soil EC and lead was observed and a highly significant negative correlation with the cobalt. Results proved the high levels of pollution in all examined areas in Basra and Maysan provinces.

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A Sense of Harassment and its Relationship to the Level of Professional Educational Adjustment among a Sample of Employees in the Directorate of Education in Damascus

Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] ◽

10.24200/jeps.vol11iss2pp278-296 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 278

Author(s):

Raghdaa A. Naiseh

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Female Workers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Government Education ◽

Institutional Sector ◽

Males And Females ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

The Relationship

The study aimed to identify the level of a sense of harassment among a sample of workers and institutional sector of government education. It defines the professional level of compatibility among a sample of workers in farming Damascus Directorate. And the study of the relationship between the sense of harassment and professional compatibility among a sample of workers in farming Damascus Directorate. And to identify the level of significance of differences in the answers to the study sample the sense of harassment and scale professional compatibility scale according to the variables of the study: (sex, and marital status), and has been relying on the descriptive and analytical approach, and used two tools of the study: a sense of harassment measure, and the measure of professional compatibility, and amounted to a sample study (144) factor and running in working in the farming Damascus Directorate. Among the most important findings of the study were: The level of the sense of harassment among workers in the Directorate of Education in Damascus was moderate; the professional level of compatibility among workers in the Directorate of Education in Damascus was moderate; a statistically significant negative correlation between the sense of harassment and the professional compatibility; the presence of statistically significant difference between males and females on the sense of harassment and in favor of male workers; a statistically significant difference between the average of married and non-married on harassment and in favor of non-married employees; a statistically significant difference between the average of males and females on the compatibility and in favor of female workers. There was no statistically significant difference between the average married and non-married on the compatibility scal

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Calling on Compensation in Australian Call Centres

Journal of Management & Organization ◽

10.1017/s1833367200004715 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 62-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gary Crone ◽

Lorraine Carey ◽

Peter Dowling

Keyword(s):

Customer Service ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Telephone Call ◽

Call Centre ◽

Full Time ◽

Call Centres ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACTWhile there is a growing body of research on telephone call centre management in the U.K. and the U.S.A., empirical studies in Australia are at an embryonic stage. To date, most of the studies have focussed on the management of employee performance. The principal aim of this study was to provide data on current compensation practices in Australian call centres and to determine the extent of their strategic and best-practice orientation. A second aim was to explore whether the strategic management of compensation can help to balance the tension between commitment to customer service and commitment to employee motivation.Using data collected through a mail questionnaire survey of telephone call centres operating in a range of industries in Australia, the paper explores the effect of compensation practices on employee performance, absenteeism and turnover. Following a review of the literature on call centre management and the literature on compensation strategies, the findings are presented. Key findings include: a) a significant negative correlation between annual salary and the number of calls handled by full-time customer service representatives (CSRs); b) a significant positive correlation between casual CSRs' pay rates and turnover; c) a significant negative correlation between full-time CSRs' pay and absenteeism; d) a highly significant difference between the compensation strategies currently practiced in Australian call centres and the strategies call centre managers think should be practiced and e) Australian call centre managers report their compensation strategies are not very effective in increasing performance or employee satisfaction.

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Interleukin 37 Levels in Relation to Serum Vitamin D Levels Among Ain Shams University Medical Students

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab091.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Randa Reda Mabrouk ◽

Afaf Abdelalim Mostafa ◽

Dina Aly Mohamed Aly Ragab ◽

Fouad Mohamed Fouad zaki

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Medical Students ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Group I ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Background The extraskeletal role of vitamin D is being increasingly recognized. This has important clinical implications, as vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Vitamin D has proposed anti-inflammatory properties as recent data suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers. Interleukin-37(IL-37) is an IL1 family cytokine discovered in recent years and has 5 different isoforms. As an immunosuppressive factor, IL-37 can suppress excessive immune response .IL37 plays a role in protecting the body against endotoxin shock, ischemia reperfusion injury, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, IL-37 has a potential antitumor effect. IL-37 and its receptors may serve as novel targets for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of immune-related diseases and tumors. Aim of the Work The aim of this study is to determine the relation between the level of interleukin-37 and 25-hydroxy Vitamin D among Ain Shams University medical students. Subjects and Methods The study was conducted at Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Ninety individuals, from medical students of Ain Shams University who participated in the Nutritional Assessment of Ain Shams University Medical Students (NAMESASU) Project, were selected to be in the study. The study included 2 groups: Group I: included 45 subjects selected from the NAMES-ASU project with deficient vitamin D serum levels. Group II: included 45 subjects selected from the NAMES-ASU project with sufficient vitamin D serum levels. Results There was a highly significant difference between the two groups regarding vitamin D levels. Serum IL-37 levels were significantly higher in group I subjects compared to group II subjects. No significant difference was observed between group I and group II regarding BMI, BFM, PBF and hsCRP. No significant difference was observed between the two subgroups regarding IL-37 levels and hsCRP levels. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between vitamin D levels and IL-37. A significant negative correlation was observed between hsCRP and vitamin D levels. However, no correlation was observed between hsCRP and IL-37 levels. Conclusion Data from our study showed that present study denote that in case of vitamin D deficiency, irrespective of BMI, a subclinical state of inflammation may be present as reflected by the increased hsCRP levels and this state of inflammation might induce an increase in IL-37, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in an attempt to reduce the inflammation.

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Calling on Compensation in Australian Call Centres

Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management ◽

10.5172/jmo.2003.9.3.62 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 62-76

Author(s):

Gary Crone ◽

Lorraine Carey ◽

Peter Dowling

Keyword(s):

Customer Service ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Telephone Call ◽

Call Centre ◽

Full Time ◽

Call Centres ◽

Significant Difference

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Aldosterone binding to mineralocorticoid receptors of mononuclear leukocytes in diabetic subjects

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1280529 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 128 (6) ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Takeshi Shimada ◽

Keigo Yasuda ◽

Akihiro Mori ◽

Huiping Ni ◽

Leilani B Mercado-Asis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Plasma Aldosterone ◽

Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽

Significant Difference

We present the characteristic features of mineralocorticoid receptor regulation in human mononuclear leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eighteen diabetic patients (3M and 15F, aged from 28 to 77 years with a mean of 53±14 (mean±sd) years) and 7 normal subjects (6M and IF, aged from 29 to 59 years with a mean of 41±13 years) were studied. The mean plasma aldosterone concentration in the diabetic patients was significantly lower than that in the normal subjects (137±62 vs 189±36 pmol/l, p<0.05). Seven of the 18 diabetic patients were hypoaldosteronemic. These 7 patients, however, showed normokalemia, except one with mild hyperpotassemia. The number of binding sites of [3H]aldosterone to mineralocorticoid receptor in the diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in the normal subjects (853±281 vs 488±109 sites/cell, p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Kd of [3H]aldosterone binding to mineralocorticoid receptor between the diabetic patients and normal subjects (1.34±0.37 vs 0.99±0.61 nmol/l). In the diabetic patients, a significant negative correlation was observed (r=0.70, p<0.01) between plasma aldosterone concentration and the binding sites, but not between plasma aldosterone concentration and Kd. In the total subjects, including normal subjects and diabetic patients, a significant negative correlation was also found between plasma aldosterone concentration and binding sites (r=0.72, p<0.001). These results suggest that increased binding sites of mineralocorticoid receptor may help to prevent diabetic patients from being hyperkalemic.

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IDENTIFYING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ENCEPHALOGRAPHIC SIGNAL IRREGULARITY AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY TO DIFFERENTIATE INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY OPERATIVE ATTENTION

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237220500143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (02) ◽

pp. 2050014

Author(s):

M. Kumar ◽

D. Singh ◽

K. K. Deepak

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Eeg Signal ◽

Rr Interval ◽

Attention Tasks ◽

Significant Difference

This study identifies a correlation between low-frequency heart rate variability (LF-HRV) and encephalographic (EEG) complexity to differentiate internally operative attention (INT) and externally operative attention (EXT). Electrophysiological fluctuations in response to Posner’s spatial orienting paradigm were explored in 14 healthy volunteers who participated in 6 alternating sessions of attention tasks. HRV analysis was used to measure heart rate fluctuations, and approximate entropy (ApEn) was used to measure changes in the irregularity of EEG and HRV. Power spectral analysis of HRV revealed that there was found to be a significant difference between INT and EXT for HRV-low frequency (HRV-LF) and LH/HF ratio. ApEn for RR-interval time series increased for both attention tasks as compared to baseline and recovery session. The relationship between HRV-LF and EEG spectral power measured at F4 revealed significant negative correlation during ([Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]) EXT than ([Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]) INT. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation, yet of moderate strength was noted between HRV-LF and ApEn of EEG signal measured at POz ([Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]) during EXT as compared to INT ([Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]) and, a significant negative correlation was observed between ApEn of RR-interval and ApEn of EEG signal measured at POz ([Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]) during EXT as compared to INT ([Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]). Thus, it is evident that EXT leads to more irregularity in parietal regions of the brain than the INT. During EXT, the irregularity over the parietal region linked to increased sympathetic activity as compared to INT and corresponds to decreased heart rate. These results may benefit in designing robust human-computer interfaces and accelerated training paradigm to raise an athlete’s performance.

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