Mechanical characterisation of an organic phantom candidate for breast tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170
Author(s):  
Ana M Teixeira ◽  
Pedro Martins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Characterisation ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Breast Tissues

The aim of this study is to analyse the mechanical properties of agarose, which can be used as a mechanical phantom for breast tissues. In general, tissue mimicking materials may be used to achieve a better understanding of the structure and properties of tissues and organs; this work shares these objectives. The phantom can be used as a tissue surrogate with realistic mechanical behaviour for biomechanical applications. To validate agarose as a suitable mechanical phantom for breast tissues, indentation tests were performed in homogeneous, rectangular agarose blocks. Blocks with different agarose concentrations were moulded and tested. An estimation of the material stiffness was then compared with experimental data on different breast tissues’ types found in literature. The phantom stiffness increased consistently with agarose concentration and stress. The results show that agarose-based mechanical phantoms of stiffer tissues require higher agarose concentrations (0.5% and 0.6%). In contrast, normal tissues can be mimicked with 0.3% and 0.4% of agarose. In addition, it was observed that preconditioning affects the mechanical properties of the gel, as it had already been shown in literature for breast tissues.

Structure and Properties of Laser-Welded Joints from High-Strength Steels

2014 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Berdnikova ◽  
V. Sydorets ◽  
T. Alekseienko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Welding Zone

Presented are the results of investigations of peculiarities of structure formation and phase composition in a metal of laser-welded joints from high-strength steel 14KhGN2MDAFB. The analytical evaluations of strengthening along a welding zone and crack nucleation stresses in the places of stress concentrators determined using the experimental data that a structure being formed provides for uniform level of mechanical properties and crack resistance of the welded joints.

Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Human Breast Tissues: Implications for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. B. Redd ◽  
Zhe Chuan Feng ◽  
Kwok To Yue ◽  
Ted S. Gansler
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Benign Breast Tissue ◽  
Breast Tissues

Development and application of laser-based diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have been hindered by the current technical inadequacies in tissue diagnosis and characterization. It is now possible to apply the techniques of Raman spectroscopy to achieve rapid, noninvasive, and nondestructive differentiation of diseased from normal tissues. Normal and diseased breast tissues were examined by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra obtained contain features that are attributable to various amounts of carotenoids and lipids. A small contribution from a heme-type signal was detected in some samples of clinically abnormal yet histopathologically benign breast tissue, while a much stronger heme-type signal was detected in most of the breast cancers. Raman spectra of diseased breast tissue (benign and malignant) also show markedly diminished to absent contributions from lipids and reduced contributions from carotenoids. This laser-based spectroscopic modality is readily adaptable to reflected light microscopy and optical fiber techniques, making it potentially useful as an aid in real-time diagnosis, and may thus find application in the fields of histopathology and interventional radiology.

Elastic and Plastic Mechanical Properties Determined by Nanoindentation and Numerical Simulation at Mesoscale

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yuan Chen ◽  
Rwei Ching Chang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Finite Element Code ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Nanoindentation Testing ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

This work presents a comparison of numerical simulation and experiment of nanoindentation testing. A commercial finite element code ANSYS is adopted in the numerical simulation, in which elastic-plastic properties are considered. A PMMA specimen and a three side pyramidal Berkovich probe tip is used in the indentation tests. While the elastic-linear workhardening properties are adopted, the numerical results agree well with the experimental data for different indentation loads. It proves the numerical simulation can be used in the small scale analysis.

Localization of Mucinous - like Carcinoma Associated Antigen (MCA) in Breast Pathology: Comparison with Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA)

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saccani Jotti ◽  
M. Fontanesi ◽  
A. Colombo ◽  
M. Valtolina ◽  
A. Tardini
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Tissue Polypeptide Antigen ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Breast Pathology ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Strong Staining ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
Topographic Distribution

The topographic distribution of a mucinous-like cancer antigen (MCA) recognized by a monoclonal antibody b-12 (MAb b-12) was assessed in benign (38) and malignant (66) breast tissues. The reactivity of MAb b-12 showed a good selectivity for breast tissues, reacting both with normal tissues and breast cancer. The degree of MCA expression was evaluated in the various groups of breast pathology adopting quantitative criteria of assessment. With the criteria of evaluation adopted, strong staining was observed in 71.4% breast carcinomas. The most positive reaction was demonstrated in mucinous carcinoma. MCA distribution in breast tissue was compared with the distribution of two other antigens, CEA and TPA. Reactivity of MAb b-12 was higher than the reactivity shown by the anti-CEA and anti-TPA antibodies.

An elastic-plastic indentation model and its solutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2358-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Yu ◽  
James P. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Plastic Indentation ◽  
Comparison With Experimental Data

An analytical model of hardness has been developed. Four major indentation tests, namely indentation by cones, wedges, spheres, and flat-ended, axisymmetric cylinders have been analyzed based on the model. Analytical relationships among hardness, yield stress, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and indenter geometries have been found. These results enable hardness to be calculated in terms of uniaxial material properties and indenter geometries for a wide variety of elastic and plastic materials. These relationships can also be used for evaluating other mechanical properties through hardness measurements and for converting hardness from one type of hardness test into those of a different test. Comparison with experimental data and numerical calculations is excellent.

NeuN As a Neuronal Nuclear Antigen and Neuron Differentiation Marker

Acta Naturae ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Gusel’nikova ◽  
D. E. Korzhevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Immunocytochemical Detection ◽  
Perinuclear Cytoplasm ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Differentiation Marker

The NeuN protein is localized in nuclei and perinuclear cytoplasm of most of the neurons in the central nervous system of mammals. Monoclonal antibodies to the NeuN protein have been actively used in the immunohistochemical research of neuronal differentiation to assess the functional state of neurons in norm and pathology for more than 20 years. Recently, NeuN antibodies have begun to be applied in the differential morphological diagnosis of cancer. However, the structure of the protein, which can be revealed by antibodies to NeuN, remained unknown until recently, and the functions of the protein are still not fully clear. In the present mini-review, data on NeuN accumulated so far are summarized and analyzed. Data on the structure and properties of the protein, its isoforms, intracellular localization, and hypothesized functions are reported. The application field of immunocytochemical detection of NeuN in scientific and clinical studies, as well as the difficulties in the interpretation of the obtained experimental data and their possible causes, is described in details.

Structure and properties of compact articles from high-alloyed iron powder with adding of boron nitride

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
B. O. Bolshakov ◽  
◽  
R. F. Galiakbarov ◽  
A. M. Smyslov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Wide Range

The results of the research of structure and properties of a composite compact from 13 Cr – 2 Мо and BN powders depending on the concentration of boron nitride are provided. It is shown that adding boron nitride in an amount of more than 2% by weight of the charge mixture leads to the formation of extended grain boundary porosity and finely dispersed BN layers in the structure, which provides a high level of wearing properties of the material. The effect of boron nitride concentration on physical and mechanical properties is determined. It was found that the introduction of a small amount of BN (up to 2 % by weight) into the compacts leads to an increase in plasticity, bending strength, and toughness by reducing the friction forces between the metal powder particles during pressing and a more complete grain boundary diffusion process during sintering. The formation of a regulated structure-phase composition of powder compacts of 13 Cr – 2 Mо – BN when the content of boron nitride changes in them allows us to provide the specified physical and mechanical properties in a wide range. The obtained results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the developed material allow us to reasonably choose the necessary composition of the powder compact for sealing structures of the flow part of steam turbines, depending on their operating conditions.

scholarly journals Evolution of the viscoelastic properties of painting stratigraphies: a moisture weathering and nanoindentation approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Tiennot ◽  
Davide Iannuzzi ◽  
Erma Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Viscoelastic Behaviour ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Paint Films ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this investigation on the mechanical behaviour of paint films, we use a new ferrule-top nanoindentation protocol developed for cultural heritage studies to examine the impact of repeated relative humidity variations on the viscoelastic behaviour of paint films and their mechanical properties in different paint stratigraphies through the changes in their storage and loss moduli. We show that the moisture weathering impact on the micromechanics varies for each of these pigment-oil systems. Data from the nanoindentation protocol provide new insights into the evolution of the viscoelastic properties dsue to the impact of moisture weathering on paint films.

scholarly journals An Additive Model to Predict the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Blends Made by Virgin and Reprocessed Components

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo La Mantia ◽  
Maria Chiara Mistretta ◽  
Vincenzo Titone
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Polypropylene Sample

In this work, an additive model for the prediction of the rheological and mechanical properties of monopolymer blends made by virgin and reprocessed components is proposed. A polypropylene sample has been reprocessed more times in an extruder and monopolymer blends have been prepared by simulating an industrial process. The scraps are exposed to regrinding and are melt reprocessed before mixing with the virgin polymer. The reprocessed polymer is, then, subjected to some thermomechanical degradation. Rheological and mechanical experimental data have been compared with the theoretical predictions. The results obtained showed that the values of this simple additive model are a very good fit for the experimental values of both rheological and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Influence of Applied Bias Voltage on the Composition, Structure, and Properties of Ti:Si-Codoped a-C:H Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Jiang ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Yubao Wang ◽  
Zhang Xia ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Applied Bias ◽  
Applied Bias Voltage ◽  
Methane Mixture ◽  
Composition Structure

The titanium- and silicon-codoped a-C:H films were prepared at different applied bias voltage by magnetron sputtering TiSi target in argon and methane mixture atmosphere. The influence of the applied bias voltage on the composition, surface morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the films was investigated by XPS, AFM, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy, and nanoindenter. The tribological properties of the films were characterized on an UMT-2MT tribometer. The results demonstrated that the film became smoother and denser with increasing the applied bias voltage up to −200 V, whereas surface roughness increased due to the enhancement of ion bombardment as the applied bias voltage further increased. The sp3carbon fraction in the films monotonously decreased with increasing the applied bias voltage. The film exhibited moderate hardness and the superior tribological properties at the applied bias voltage of −100 V. The tribological behaviors are correlated to the H/E or H3/E2ratio of the films.

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