scholarly journals Electrospinning of bioactive polycaprolactone-gelatin nanofibres with increased pore size for cartilage tissue engineering applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Semitela ◽  
André F Girão ◽  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Gonçalo Ramalho ◽  
Igor Bdikin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
And Migration

Polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun scaffolds have been widely investigated for cartilage repair application. However, their hydrophobicity and small pore size has been known to prevent cell attachment, proliferation and migration. Here, PCL was blended with gelatin (GEL) combining the favorable biological properties of GEL with the good mechanical performance of the former. Also, polyethylene glycol (PEG) particles were introduced during the electrospinning of the polymers blend by simultaneous electrospraying. These particles were subsequently removed resulting in fibrous scaffolds with enlarged pore size. PCL, GEL and PEG scaffolds formulations were developed and extensively structural and biologically characterized. GEL incorporation on the PCL scaffolds led to a considerably improved cell attachment and proliferation. A substantial pore size and interconnectivity increase was obtained, allowing cell infiltration through the porogenic scaffolds. All together these results suggest that this combined approach may provide a potentially clinically viable strategy for cartilage regeneration.

scholarly journals Effect of different aged cartilage ECM on chondrogenesis of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-595
Author(s):  
Xiuyu Wang ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Wan Wang ◽  
Qiguang Wang ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials are promising candidates in cartilage tissue engineering by simulating the native microenvironment to regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) without exogenous growth factors. The biological properties of ECM scaffolds are primarily depended on the original source, which would directly influence the chondrogenic effects of the ECM materials. Despite the expanding investigations on ECM scaffolds in recent years, the selection of optimized ECM materials in cartilage regeneration was less reported. In this study, we harvested and compared the articular cartilage ECM from newborn, juvenile and adult rabbits. The results demonstrated the significant differences in the mechanical strength, sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents of the different aged ECM, before and after decellularization. Consequently, different compositional and mechanical properties were shown in the three ECM-based collagen hydrogels, which exerted age-dependent chondrogenic inducibility. In general, both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that the newborn ECM promoted the most chondrogenesis of BMSCs but led to severe matrix calcification. In contrast, BMSCs synthesized the lowest amount of cartilaginous matrix with minimal calcification with adult ECM. The juvenile ECM achieved the best overall results in promoting chondrogenesis of BMSCs and preventing matrix calcification. Together, this study provides important information to our current knowledge in the design of future ECM-based biomaterials towards a successful repair of articular cartilage.

scholarly journals Characterization and Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Bioink in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfan He ◽  
Soroosh Derakhshanfar ◽  
Wen Zhong ◽  
Bingyun Li ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Modified Chitosan

Chitosan is a promising natural biomaterial for biological application; however, the weak mechanical performance of pristine chitosan limits its further utilization in hard tissue (such as cartilage) engineering. In this study, a chitosan-based 3D printing bioink with suitable mechanical properties was developed as 3D bioprinting ink for chondrocyte support. Chitosan was first modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to provide more carboxyl groups followed by physical crosslinking with calcium to increase the hydrogel strength. Dynamic mechanical analysis was carried out to evaluate viscoelastic properties with the addition of modified chitosan. A bioink with a combination of modified and pristine chitosan was formulated for scaffold fabrication via 3D bioprinting technique. Furthermore, cell viability, cell proliferation, and expression of chondrogenic markers were evaluated in vitro in chondrocytes loaded on the bioink. The novel bioink exhibited a favorable mechanical property and promoted cell attachment and chondrogenic gene expression in chondrocytes. Based on these results, we can conclude that the presented bioink could qualify for use in 3D bioprinting in cartilage tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Approximate Optimization Study of Light Curing Waterborne Polyurethane Materials for the Construction of 3D Printed Cytocompatible Cartilage Scaffolds

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6804
Author(s):  
Yi-Wen Chen ◽  
Ming-You Shie ◽  
Wen-Ching Chang ◽  
Yu-Fang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Light Curing

Articular cartilage, which is a white transparent tissue with 1–2 mm thickness, is located in the interface between the two hard bones. The main functions of articular cartilage are stress transmission, absorption, and friction reduction. The cartilage cannot be repaired and regenerated once it has been damaged, and it needs to be replaced by artificial joints. Many approaches, such as artificial joint replacement, hyaluronic acid injection, microfracture surgery and cartilage tissue engineering have been applied in clinical treatment. Basically, some of these approaches are foreign material implantation for joint replacement to reach the goal of pain reduction and mechanism support. This study demonstrated another frontier in the research of cartilage reconstruction by applying regeneration medicine additive manufacturing (3D Printing) and stem cell technology. Light curing materials have been modified and tested to be printable and cytocompatible for stem cells in this research. Design of experiments (DOE) is adapted in this investigation to search for the optimal manufacturing parameter for biocompatible scaffold fabrication and stem cell attachment and growth. Based on the results, an optimal working process of biocompatible and printable scaffolds for cartilage regeneration is reported. We expect this study will facilitate the development of cartilage tissue engineering.

The Effect of Crosslinking Agents on the Properties of Type II Collagen Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Maria-Minodora Marin ◽  
Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya ◽  
George Mihail Vlasceanu ◽  
Jana Ghitman ◽  
Ionut Cristian Radu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Type II collagen has been perceived as the indispensable element and plays a crucial role in cartilage tissue engineering. Thus, materials based on type II collagen have drawn farther attention in both academic and research for developing new systems for the cartilage regeneration. The disadvantage of using type II collagen as a biomaterial for tissue repairing is its reduced biomechanical properties. This can be solved by physical, enzymatic or chemical cross-linking processes, which provide biomaterials with the required mechanical properties for medical applications. To enhance type II collagen properties, crosslinked collagen scaffolds with different cross-linking agents were prepared by freeze-drying technique. The present research work studied the synthesis of type II collagen biomaterials with and without crosslinking agents. Scaffolds morphology was observed by MicroCT, showing in all cases an appropriate microstructure for biological applications, and the mechanical studies were performed using compressive tests. DSC showed an increase in denaturation temperature with an increase in cross-linking agent concentration. FTIR suggested that the secondary structure of collagen is not affected after the cross-linking; supplementary, to confirm the characteristic triple-helix conformation of collagen, the CD investigation was performed. The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of type II collagen were improved by cross-linking treatments.

scholarly journals Digital Light Processing Bioprinted Human Chondrocyte-Laden Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid)/Hyaluronic Acid Bio-Ink towards Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Alvin Kai-Xing Lee ◽  
Yen-Hong Lin ◽  
Chun-Hao Tsai ◽  
Wan-Ting Chang ◽  
Tsung-Li Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cartilage Injury ◽  
Cartilage Tissue

Cartilage injury is the main cause of disability in the United States, and it has been projected that cartilage injury caused by osteoarthritis will affect 30% of the entire United States population by the year 2030. In this study, we modified hyaluronic acid (HA) with γ-poly(glutamic) acid (γ-PGA), both of which are common biomaterials used in cartilage engineering, in an attempt to evaluate them for their potential in promoting cartilage regeneration. As seen from the results, γ-PGA-GMA and HA, with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as the photo-crosslinker, could be successfully fabricated while retaining the structural characteristics of γ-PGA and HA. In addition, the storage moduli and loss moduli of the hydrogels were consistent throughout the curing durations. However, it was noted that the modification enhanced the mechanical properties, the swelling equilibrium rate, and cellular proliferation, and significantly improved secretion of cartilage regeneration-related proteins such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen (Col II). The cartilage tissue proof with Alcian blue further demonstrated that the modification of γ-PGA with HA exhibited suitability for cartilage tissue regeneration and displayed potential for future cartilage tissue engineering applications. This study built on the previous works involving HA and further showed that there are unlimited ways to modify various biomaterials in order to further bring cartilage tissue engineering to the next level.

scholarly journals Advanced Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Recent Progress and Future Directions

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4199
Author(s):  
Mahshid Hafezi ◽  
Saied Nouri Khorasani ◽  
Mohadeseh Zare ◽  
Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany ◽  
Pooya Davoodi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range

Cartilage is a tension- and load-bearing tissue and has a limited capacity for intrinsic self-healing. While microfracture and arthroplasty are the conventional methods for cartilage repair, these methods are unable to completely heal the damaged tissue. The need to overcome the restrictions of these therapies for cartilage regeneration has expanded the field of cartilage tissue engineering (CTE), in which novel engineering and biological approaches are introduced to accelerate the development of new biomimetic cartilage to replace the injured tissue. Until now, a wide range of hydrogels and cell sources have been employed for CTE to either recapitulate microenvironmental cues during a new tissue growth or to compel the recovery of cartilaginous structures via manipulating biochemical and biomechanical properties of the original tissue. Towards modifying current cartilage treatments, advanced hydrogels have been designed and synthesized in recent years to improve network crosslinking and self-recovery of implanted scaffolds after damage in vivo. This review focused on the recent advances in CTE, especially self-healing hydrogels. The article firstly presents the cartilage tissue, its defects, and treatments. Subsequently, introduces CTE and summarizes the polymeric hydrogels and their advances. Furthermore, characterizations, the advantages, and disadvantages of advanced hydrogels such as multi-materials, IPNs, nanomaterials, and supramolecular are discussed. Afterward, the self-healing hydrogels in CTE, mechanisms, and the physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of such hydrogels for improving the reformation of CTE are introduced. The article then briefly describes the fabrication methods in CTE. Finally, this review presents a conclusion of prevalent challenges and future outlooks for self-healing hydrogels in CTE applications.

scholarly journals Challenges in Fabrication of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage with Correct Cellular Colonization and Extracellular Matrix Assembly

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Lammi ◽  
Juha Piltti ◽  
Juha Prittinen ◽  
Chengjuan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Matrix Assembly ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

A correct articular cartilage ultrastructure regarding its structural components and cellularity is important for appropriate performance of tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Various scaffold-based, as well as scaffold-free, culture models have been under development to manufacture functional cartilage tissue. Even decellularized tissues have been considered as a potential choice for cellular seeding and tissue fabrication. Pore size, interconnectivity, and functionalization of the scaffold architecture can be varied. Increased mechanical function requires a dense scaffold, which also easily restricts cellular access within the scaffold at seeding. High pore size enhances nutrient transport, while small pore size improves cellular interactions and scaffold resorption. In scaffold-free cultures, the cells assemble the tissue completely by themselves; in optimized cultures, they should be able to fabricate native-like tissue. Decellularized cartilage has a native ultrastructure, although it is a challenge to obtain proper cellular colonization during cell seeding. Bioprinting can, in principle, provide the tissue with correct cellularity and extracellular matrix content, although it is still an open question as to how the correct molecular interaction and structure of extracellular matrix could be achieved. These are challenges facing the ongoing efforts to manufacture optimal articular cartilage.

scholarly journals New Insights on Mechanical Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2927
Author(s):  
Silvia Ravalli ◽  
Marta Anna Szychlinska ◽  
Giovanni Lauretta ◽  
Giuseppe Musumeci
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Biomechanical Stimuli ◽  
Stimulation Of

Successful tissue regeneration therapies require further understanding of the environment in which the cells are destined to be set. The aim is to structure approaches that aspire to a holistic view of biological systems and to scientific reliability. Mesenchymal stem cells represent a valuable resource for cartilage tissue engineering, due to their chondrogenic differentiation capacity. Promoting chondrogenesis, not only by growth factors but also by exogenous enhancers such as biomechanics, represents a technical enhancement. Tribological evaluation of the articular joint has demonstrated how mechanical stimuli play a pivotal role in cartilage repair and participate in the homeostasis of this tissue. Loading stresses, physiologically experienced by chondrocytes, can upregulate the production of proteins like glycosaminoglycan or collagen, fundamental for articular wellness, as well as promote and preserve cell viability. Therefore, there is a rising interest in the development of bioreactor devices that impose compression, shear stress, and hydrostatic pressure on stem cells. This strategy aims to mimic chondrogenesis and overcome complications like hypertrophic phenotyping and inappropriate mechanical features. This review will analyze the dynamics inside the joint, the natural stimuli experienced by the chondrocytes, and how the biomechanical stimuli can be applied to a stem cell culture in order to induce chondrogenesis.

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