scholarly journals A Cumulative Risk Model of Child Physical Maltreatment Potential: Findings From a Community-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Lamela ◽  
Bárbara Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
Physical Maltreatment

Previous studies have identified the predictive risk factors of child physical maltreatment (CPM). However, a significant number of these studies assessed risk factors in isolation. The cumulative risk hypothesis postulates that health problems are caused by the accumulation of risk factors, independently of the presence or absence of specific risk indicators. Few studies examined the effect of cumulative risk on CPM potential. This study aimed to test two concurrent models of cumulative risk of CPM potential by investigating whether CPM potential was better predicted by a threshold cumulative risk model or a linear cumulative risk model. Data from the National Representative Study of Psychosocial Context of Child Abuse and Neglect in Portugal were used. Parents of school-age children ( N = 796) answered to self-report measures regarding sociodemographic variables, history of child maltreatment, psychological distress, and CPM potential. A cumulative risk index was computed, comprising 10 dichotomized risk factors. Evidence for a threshold cumulative effect was found. Additional bivariate logistic regressions revealed that the odds for high-potential CPM were dramatically higher for those parents with six or more risk factors when compared with parents with any one risk factor. By testing and confirming a threshold cumulative effect on CPM potential, it was possible to find a “trigger point” from which a dramatic increase in child physical maltreatment potential occurs.

Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Among African American Women Experiencing Recent Intimate Partner Violence

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martie P. Thompson ◽  
Nadine J. Kaslow ◽  
J. B. Kingree
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
American Women ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for suicide attempts among 200 African American abused women (100 attempters, 100 nonattempters) and to test a cumulative risk model to determine if a woman’s likelihood of making a suicide attempt increased as the number of risk factors increased. Results revealed that attempters were significantly more likely than nonattempters to report high levels of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, drug abuse, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results from the cumulative risk model revealed a linear association between the number of risk factors and the odds of making a suicide attempt. Compared to women with no risk factors, women with two risk factors, women with three risk factors, and women with four to five risk factors were 10, 25, and 107 times, respectively, more likely to attempt suicide. The identification of risk variables highlights the importance of designing interventions to address these factors in order to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in abused, African American women.

Media Violence and Other Aggression Risk Factors in Seven Nations

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Anderson ◽  
Kanae Suzuki ◽  
Edward L. Swing ◽  
Christopher L. Groves ◽  
Douglas A. Gentile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
The Media

Cultural generality versus specificity of media violence effects on aggression was examined in seven countries (Australia, China, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Romania, the United States). Participants reported aggressive behaviors, media use habits, and several other known risk and protective factors for aggression. Across nations, exposure to violent screen media was positively associated with aggression. This effect was partially mediated by aggressive cognitions and empathy. The media violence effect on aggression remained significant even after statistically controlling a number of relevant risk and protective factors (e.g., abusive parenting, peer delinquency), and was similar in magnitude to effects of other risk factors. In support of the cumulative risk model, joint effects of different risk factors on aggressive behavior in each culture were larger than effects of any individual risk factor.

Social and family risk factors for infant development at one year: An application of the cumulative risk model

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Hooper ◽  
Margaret R. Burchinal ◽  
Joanne Erwick Roberts ◽  
Susan Zeisel ◽  
Eloise C. Neebe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals An Assessment of Risk Factors for Insufficient Levels of Vitamin D during Early Infancy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Keith T. S. Tung ◽  
Rosa S. Wong ◽  
Hing Wai Tsang ◽  
Bianca N. K. Chan ◽  
Siew Yan Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

Recent evidence suggests that breastfeeding may increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency in offspring. However, it is unclear whether increased risk results from breastfeeding alone, or whether it is associated together with other risk factors. This study surveyed 208 infant–mother dyads recruited by stratified random sampling in different districts of Hong Kong. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire on their demographics, history of risk behavior, and feeding practices. Peripheral blood samples were collected from infants to determine their vitamin D status. Among all infant participants, 70 were vitamin D insufficient or deficient. Being breastfed, being a girl, having a multiparous mother, and the use of sun cream were found to be the strongest risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency during infancy (all p < 0.05), after mutual adjustment. The cumulative risk model displayed a dose–response pattern between the number of risk factors and the risk of vitamin D insufficiency during this period. Our findings indicate the risk profile of infants with insufficient vitamin D. Guidelines and recommendations on healthy diet and lifestyle should be provided to mothers during the early stage of pregnancy to increase the likelihood of adequate levels of vitamin D in their offspring.

scholarly journals A novel simple risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with paraquat poisoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxia Gao ◽  
Liwen Liu ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Ding Yuan ◽  
Yibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractTo identify risk factors and develop a simple model to predict early prognosis of acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study of acute PQ poisoning patients (n = 1199). Patients (n = 913) with PQ poisoning from 2011 to 2018 were randomly divided into training (n = 609) and test (n = 304) samples. Another two independent cohorts were used as validation samples for a different time (n = 207) and site (n = 79). Risk factors were identified using a logistic model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and further evaluated using a latent class analysis. The prediction score was developed based on the training sample and was evaluated using the testing and validation samples. Eight factors, including age, ingestion volume, creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], platelet [PLT], white blood cell [WBC], neutrophil counts [N], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], and serum creatinine [Cr] were identified as independent risk indicators of in-hospital death events. The risk model had C statistics of 0.895 (95% CI 0.855–0.928), 0.891 (95% CI 0.848–0.932), and 0.829 (95% CI 0.455–1.000), and predictive ranges of 4.6–98.2%, 2.3–94.9%, and 0–12.5% for the test, validation_time, and validation_site samples, respectively. In the training sample, the risk model classified 18.4%, 59.9%, and 21.7% of patients into the high-, average-, and low-risk groups, with corresponding probabilities of 0.985, 0.365, and 0.03 for in-hospital death events. We developed and evaluated a simple risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with acute PQ poisoning. This risk scoring system could be helpful for identifying high-risk patients and reducing mortality due to PQ poisoning.

Inference for cumulative risk model under step-stress experiments and its application in nanocrystalline data

2022 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2110726
Author(s):  
Yihong Qiao ◽  
Wenhao Gui
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Informative Prior ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
Highest Posterior Density

With the popularity of step-stress accelerated life testing, researchers are exploring more possibilities for models that relate the life distributions under different stress levels. Cumulative risk model assumes that the effects of stress changes have a lag period before they are fully observed, which guarantees the continuity of the hazard rate function. This paper studies the cumulative risk model for Lomax distribution with step-stress experiments. For maximum likelihood estimation, Newton-Rapson method is adopted to get point estimates. Meanwhile, the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator is used to obtain asymptotic confidence intervals. For Bayesian estimation, point estimates and highest posterior density credible intervals under squared error loss function with informative prior and non-informative prior are derived using Metropolis-Hastings method and Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs algorithm. To evaluate the effects of stress change time and the length of lag period, as well as the performance of different methods, numerical simulations are conducted. Then a real nanocrystalline data set is analyzed.

scholarly journals Which adolescents develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood? Using population-representative longitudinal data to inform universal risk assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Meier ◽  
W. Hall ◽  
A. Caspi ◽  
D. W. Belsky ◽  
M. Cerdá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Adolescent Risk

BackgroundTo our knowledge, there are no universal screening tools for substance dependence that (1) were developed using a population-based sample, (2) estimate total risk briefly and inexpensively by incorporating a relatively small number of well-established risk factors, and (3) aggregate risk factors using a simple algorithm. We created a universal screening tool that incorporates these features to identify adolescents at risk for persistent substance dependence in adulthood.MethodParticipants were members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972–1973 and followed prospectively to age 38 years, with 95% retention. We assessed a small set of childhood and adolescent risk factors: family history of substance dependence, childhood psychopathology (conduct disorder, depression), early exposure to substances, frequent substance use in adolescence, sex, and childhood socioeconomic status. We defined the outcome (persistent substance dependence in adulthood) as dependence on one or more of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or hard drugs at ⩾3 assessment ages: 21, 26, 32, and 38 years.ResultsA cumulative risk index, a simple sum of nine childhood and adolescent risk factors, predicted persistent substance dependence in adulthood with considerable accuracy (AUC = 0.80).ConclusionsA cumulative risk score can accurately predict which adolescents in the general population will develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document