Association Between Interpersonal Violence With Inadequate Nutritional Status Among Brazilian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199744
Author(s):  
Emanuele Souza Marques ◽  
Maria Helena Hasselmann ◽  
Gabriela Vasconcellos de Barros Vianna ◽  
Eliane de Paula Mendonça ◽  
Catarina Machado Azeredo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
School Health ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Violence Victimization

Research focusing on the relationship between interpersonal violence and nutritional status in adolescence is scarce and has distinct results. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of family physical and sexual violence with inadequate nutritional status in Brazilian adolescents. We used data from the 2015 Brazilian National Survey of School Health. This study includes 11.850 students, older than 13 years, attending from sixth to ninth grade of elementary school and from the 1st to the 3rd year of high school. The exposures were family physical violence and rape. The outcome was nutritional status, assessed through body mass index. The association between exposures and outcome were investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model. These analyses were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and family variables. The prevalence of family physical violence victimization was approximately 14% among adolescents for both sexes. The prevalence of rape was 4.6% and 5.7% among male and female adolescents, respectively. Family physical violence was not associated with being underweight, overweight, or obese, in either crude or adjusted models for both sexes. Sexual violence was inversely associated with being underweight only for male adolescents (OR: 0.21, CI 95%: 0.06–0.75). In female adolescents, sexual violence was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.64, CI 95%:1.15–2.33). In this study, rape, but not family physical violence victimization, was associated with nutritional status in adolescents of both sexes. Nonetheless, this association was different between boys and girls. Rape was inversely associated with being underweight in male adolescents, whereas, in female adolescents, it was associated with excess body weight.

scholarly journals Exploring the experience of intimate partner violence in the LGBT community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Papadakaki ◽  
F Zioti ◽  
Z N Karadimitriou ◽  
M Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract Background The study aimed at measuring the prevalence and identifying the risk factors of intimate partner violence in individuals from the LGBT community. Methods A total of 180 individuals participated in the study, both male and female, aged 18-60 years, living in the broader area of Athens, Greece. Snowball sampling was applied to identify eligible individuals and social media were employed to recruit them. The questionnaire explored the violence victimization and perpetration in their relationships, the preferred reaction to various forms of violence and the role of childhood victimization in adulthood experiences of violence. Results 72.8% were homosexual, 26.7% bisexual, 81.7 % were women with a mean age of 25.2 years (6.0 standard deviation). A total of 67.2% were subjected to verbal abuse before the age of 16, 49.4% to physical violence, 6.7% to sexual violence and 46.7% were neglected. The prevalence of violence victimization was higher than the prevalence of violence perpetration (mean 9.81 and 5.92 respectively). Psychological violence was the most common among other forms of violence, both in victimization (psychological 7.34, physical 1.66, sexual 0.81) and perpetration (psychological 4.48, physical 1.26, sexual 0.18). In hypothetical scenarios of psychological violence, the majority of participants preferred separation and discussion about boundaries as strategies to deal with the situation (56.1 and 45.0 respectively), in scenarios of physical violence they primarily preferred separation and secondarily asking a professional advice (73.3 and 20.6, respectively) and in sexual violence they primarily preferred a discussion about boundaries and secondarily separation (69.4% and 31.7% respectively). Experiences of childhood victimization (p=.006), and female gender (p=.002), were found to be associated at a statistically significant level with violent victimization in adulthood. Conclusions Further research is necessary to identify groups at risk of victimization. Key messages Preventive efforts need to take into account individual sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics that increase the risk of victimization. Experiences of victimization during childhood are highly associated with victimization in adulthood.

The impact of interpersonal violence in youth sport on adult psychopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S748-S748
Author(s):  
T. Vertommen ◽  
J. Kampen ◽  
N. Schipper-van Veldhoven ◽  
K. Uzieblo ◽  
F. Van Den Eede
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionA recent cohort study in the Netherlands and Belgium showed that 38% of children experienced psychological violence, 11% physical violence, and 14% sexual violence in sport (Vertommen et al., 2016). This study aims to explore the long-term consequences on anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in adults who experienced psychological, physical or sexual violence in the specific context of organized youth sport.MethodsA web survey in a representative sample of adults, prescreened on having participated in organized sport before the age of 18 (n = 4043) was conducted. In this sample, depression, anxiety and somatic problems were assessed using the brief symptom inventory. A generalized linear model was used to quantify the impact of experiencing severe interpersonal violence in sport on psychopathology.ResultsAll three types of severe interpersonal violence (psychological, physical and sexual) were significantly associated with the total score and the subscales of the brief symptom inventory. The effect remains significant after controlling for socio-demographics, as well as disability, sexual orientation, adverse childhood experiences outside sport, recent trauma and family history of psychological problems.ConclusionsExperiencing interpersonal violence against in youth sport is associated with mental health problems in adulthood. This is an important finding to consider in child protection policy in sport.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Association Between Interpersonal Violence and Unstable Housing Among Veterans

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S Hargrave ◽  
Leigh Kimberg ◽  
Edward L Machtinger ◽  
Margot B Kushel ◽  
Beth E Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Unstable Housing ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT Background Despite programs to address housing for Veterans, they continue to be at high risk of unstable housing. Interpersonal violence is also highly prevalent among Veterans and may contribute to unstable housing. Our study aimed to determine whether interpersonal violence was associated with unstable housing among Veterans, and how this association was influenced by common co-occurring conditions such as substance use and mental illness. Methods Veterans in the Mind Your Heart Study (N = 741) completed survey data on history of interpersonal violence and access to housing in the prior year. Interpersonal violence was defined as experiencing sexual violence, physical violence, or mugging/physical attack using the Brief Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariable models examined associations between interpersonal violence and unstable housing. Primary models were adjusted for age and sex. Potential explanatory factors were added in subsequent models, including marital status, education, income, substance use disorder, PTSD, and other mental illness. Results Veterans who had experienced interpersonal violence had almost twice the odds of unstable housing after adjustment for age and sex (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0). This association was attenuated in the fully adjusted model including substance use, PTSD, and other mental illness, illustrating the interdependence of these factors (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 0.91–2.5). Subtypes of interpersonal violence were individually associated with increased odds of unstable housing after adjustment for age and sex (physical abuse AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5; mugging/physical attack AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7; sexual violence AOR 1.4, 95% CI 0.89–2.2), but were no longer significant in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Previous experiences of interpersonal violence were associated with unstable housing among Veterans. Substance use, PTSD, and other mental illness played an important role in this relationship—highlighting the potential to improve health outcomes through trauma informed approaches that address mental health, substance use, and housing concurrently.

Who do They Tell? College Students’ Formal and Informal Disclosure of Sexual Violence, Sexual Harassment, Stalking, and Dating Violence by Gender, Sexual Identity, and Race

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110501
Author(s):  
Annelise Mennicke ◽  
Constance Austin Coates ◽  
Bridget Jules ◽  
Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Systemic Support ◽  
The Impact

Disclosure of interpersonal violence (i.e., sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking) is often the first step toward receiving social and systemic support. Research demonstrates that sexual assault and dating violence survivors on college campuses are more likely to disclosure to informal sources (i.e., friends and family) than formal sources (e.g., police, Title IX, counseling centers). However, there is limited research examining disclosure rates after other forms of violence (i.e., stalking, sexual harassment), and little is known about the impact of the survivors' identities on disclosure. Utilizing four academic years (2016-2019) of aggregated campus climate data from a large Southeastern university, the current study examined rates of disclosure across experiences of sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking while identifying whether the prevalence and type of disclosure (formal versus informal-only) differed by gender, sexual orientation, and/or race/ethnicity. Of 8,017 participants, 4.6% reported sexual violence, 18.9% reported sexual harassment, 12.3% reported dating violence, and 11.3% reported stalking in the past academic year. Results of multinomial logistic regression indicated that, across all four types of violence, men (as compared to women) had lower odds of disclosing both informally-only and formally. Bisexual as compared to heterosexual students had higher odds of formal disclosure of sexual harassment and stalking while gay/lesbian students had higher odds of formally disclosing sexual harassment. Individuals of another race/ethnicity (compared to White students) had lower odds of informal-only disclosure of dating violence. Findings underscore the need to implement programs to improve the social reactions of friends and family members receiving disclosures, and to increase culturally-tailored service provision.

Wealth Inequalities in Different Types of Violence Among Brazilian Adolescents: National Survey of School Health 2015

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988818
Author(s):  
Aline Natália Silva ◽  
Emanuele Souza Marques ◽  
Luciana Saraiva da Silva ◽  
Catarina Machado Azeredo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
School Health ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Verbal Bullying

Studies have assessed inequalities in violence by economic status, but few studies have been done with adolescents from middle-income countries. Our objective was to analyze inequalities in verbal bullying, family physical violence, sexual violence, and fights with weapons among Brazilian adolescents in school according to wealth and stratified by sex and skin color. We used data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar [PeNSE]), carried out in 2015, with a representative sample of Brazilian adolescents attending ninth grade in public and private schools. We created a wealth index based on questions about access to goods and services through principal component analysis; this index was later divided into quintiles. We calculated the slope index of inequality (SII), the concentration index (CIX), and simple measures of inequality, such as ratio and difference. To identify statistically significant differences in sex and skin color inequality, we used the t test. We found high prevalence values of verbal bullying and family physical violence, 23.9% and 14.5%, respectively. In general, when comparing the types of violence according to SII and CIX, we observed a higher prevalence of violence among adolescents in the lower income quintiles, for both sexes and skin colors. We observed higher wealth inequality in sexual violence among girls (CIX = −14.89) when compared with boys (CIX = −4.63) ( p = .001). We also observed higher wealth inequality in sexual violence among Whites (CIX = −15.55) when compared with Brown (CIX = −6.23) ( p = .009). Wealth inequality aggravates the occurrence of violence among poorer Brazilian adolescents. Also, the identification of vulnerable groups may contribute to target public policies for fighting violence.

scholarly journals Omfang av vold og seksuelle overgrep blant samer og ikke-samer

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Astrid Margrethe Anette Eriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Living Area

Sami ethnicity has previously not been included in national population-based surveys. Hence, knowledge about violence and sexual abuse among the indigenous Sami in Norway has been sparse. This study is based on data from SAMINOR 2, a population-based, cross-sectional survey on health and living conditions in areas with both Sami and non-Sami in Central and Northern Norway. It includes a total of 11,296 participants: 2,197 (19.4 percent) Sami respondents and 9,099 non-Sami (80.6 percent) respondents. The aim was to assess the prevalence and investigate ethnic differences in sexual, physical, and emotional violence among a population of both Sami and non-Sami women and men. The results show that more Sami women reported emotional, physical, and sexual violence compared to non-Sami women. Almost half of the Sami women and one-third of the non-Sami women reported any lifetime violence. Sami men were more likely to report emotional and physical violence compared to non-Sami men. However, the ethnic differences in sexual violence among men were not significant. Over one-third of the Sami men reported any lifetime violence compared to less than a quarter of the non-Sami men, and most respondents reported violence in childhood. The findings indicate that Sami ethnicity is a risk factor for exposure to lifetime interpersonal violence. The differences remained significant after adjusting for age, educational level, living area, religion, and alcohol intake. For all types of violence, a known perpetrator outside the family was more commonly reported.

scholarly journals Understanding the Prevalence Rates of Interpersonal Violence Experienced by Young French-Speaking Swiss Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élise Marsollier ◽  
Denis Hauw ◽  
Fabienne Crettaz von Roten
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
French Speaking

Facing the important methodological limitations of the instruments used for assessing the prevalence of interpersonal violence faced by young athletes, the aim of the present study was to propose and describe the use of a research instrument adapted to young and French-speaking athletes. In addition, by collecting preliminary data with a Swiss sample, we aimed to measure the different forms of interpersonal violence young athletes have experienced at least once during their sport practice. Our questionnaire was based on three existing questionnaires and adapted for a young audience. Regarding prevalence, results showed that among the 210 respondents, 75% declared psychological violence, 53% physical violence, 28% sexual violence and 21% reported no violence. The other results showed that this instrument appears to be well-structured to measure interpersonal violence and understandable for young athletes. Based on the strengths and limits of our instrument, the methodological need of standardization of research instruments is discussed in line with a need of more studies to fully understand the phenomenon.

Magnitude and Risk Factors for Interpersonal Violence Experienced by Canadian Teenagers in the Sport Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 019372352097357
Author(s):  
Sylvie Parent ◽  
Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Recent studies demonstrate that interpersonal violence toward athletes (VTA) is a significant problem in some countries. However, in Canada, little scientific evidence on the prevalence of this issue exists. The objective of this study was to describe the magnitude of interpersonal violence toward young Canadian athletes in the context of sport and to explore associated risk factors. A total of 1,055 athletes, aged between 14 and 17 years, anonymously completed an online survey about their experiences of various types of interpersonal violence in sport. The sample consisted of 763 girls and 292 boys, with a mean age of 15.3 ± 1.1 years. Results showed that 79.2% of athletes reported at least one experience of psychological violence followed by 39.9% reporting physical violence, 35.7% reporting neglect, and 28.2% sexual violence. Being older, being a girl, having specialized in a sport early on, and a high number of hours of weekly practice were related to higher odds of reporting psychological violence or neglect. Being older, being a boy, reporting a nonheterosexual sexual preference, greater number of hours of weekly practice, being in an interregional or provincial sport level, and practicing only team sports were related to higher odds of reporting physical violence. Reporting a nonheterosexual sexual preference and being in an interregional or international sport level were associated with higher odds of reporting sexual violence. In conclusion, this study shows that VTA, particularly psychological violence and neglect, is a serious problem in youth sport in Canada. These results may help to influence public decision makers to intervene and develop and implement strategies to prevent VTA.

Prevalence and Correlates of Interpersonal Violence Victimization in a Junior Enlisted Navy Cohort

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Cunradi ◽  
Genevieve Ames ◽  
Roland Moore
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Estimate Prevalence ◽  
The Military

This study assesses the prevalence and correlates of interpersonal violence victimization in a cohort of 493 male and 220 female junior Navy personnel who participated in a cross-sectional follow-up study on health-related behaviors. Survey data were obtained during 2000 about past-year prevalence of physical violence and sexual victimization. Chi-square tests of independence and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate prevalence rates and to assess correlates of interpersonal violence. No gender differences were found for rates of violence victimization (16.4%) or sexual victimization (4.5%). Significant correlates of interpersonal violence victimization among males were depression and tobacco use; among females, significant correlates were depression and frequent heavy drinking. Findings suggest that large numbers of young enlisted adults serving in the military may be victims of interpersonal violence.

scholarly journals Evaluación del estado nutricional de adolescentes en una Unidad Educativa de Ecuador. // Evaluation of the nutritional status of adolescents in an Educational Unit of Ecuador.

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marlene Sánchez-Mata ◽  
Silvia Yolanda Alejandro Morales ◽  
Carlos Bastidas-Vaca ◽  
María Jara-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Abdominal Perimeter

La presente investigación valoró el estado nutricional de 120 adolescentes de 14 a 18 años del Centro Educativo “Jerusalén” de la ciudad de Milagro, Ecuador, a través dela medición del perímetro abdominal, Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) para la edad y una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo alimentario. Sus resultados indicaron que 72,5% de la muestra está normopeso, la relación IMC/obesidad abdominal reveló que 7,1% de las adolescentes con sobrepeso presentó obesidad abdominal y 64,3% riesgo de obesidad abdominal, para los varones obesos y con sobrepeso el riesgo de obesidad abdominal fue de 57,1% y 62,5% respectivamente; el 50% de los adolescentes con IMC normal presentó riesgo de obesidad abdominal y 4% obesidad abdominal, en las adolescentes fue de 48,9% y 2,2%  respectivamente, 22% de las adolescentes manifestó sobrepeso y 14% de los varones tenían obesidad; en cuanto a hábitos alimentarios, 90% consume comida chatarra y snacks durante la colación. Estas cifras apuntan, al riesgo de manifestaciones tempranas de enfermedades metabólicas, de alto costo social y económico para la familia y el estado, lo que amerita la urgente implementación de políticas nutricionales que mejoren la calidad de vida de la población adolescente considerando su entorno integral. Abstract The present study evaluated the nutritional status of 120 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years of the "Jerusalem" Educational Center of the city of Milagro, Ecuador, through the measurement of the abdominal perimeter, Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and a survey of food consumption frequency. Their results show that 72.5% of the sample is normal weight, the ratio BMI/abdominal obesity revealed that 7.1% of overweight adolescents presented abdominal obesity and 64.3% risk of abdominal obesity, for obese and overweight males, the risk of abdominal obesity was 57.1% and 62.5% respectively; 50% of male adolescents with normal BMI had a risk of abdominal obesity and 4% of abdominal obesity, in female adolescents was 48.9% and 2.2% respectively; 22%  of female adolescents were overweight and 14% of men had obesity; in terms of eating habits, 90% consumes junk food and snacks during collation. These date point to the risk of early manifestations of metabolic diseases, high social and economic cost to the family and the state, which deserves the urgent implementation of nutritional policies that improve the quality of life of the adolescent population considering its integral environment. 

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