Pathology of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuho Honda ◽  
Hideaki Oda
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Alteration ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Visceral Peritoneum ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Bloody Ascites ◽  
Peritoneal Biopsy ◽  
Histologic Evaluation

Pathology findings of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) are reviewed to establish histologic criteria for a diagnosis of EPS. The typical macroscopic finding is a cocoon-like encapsulation of the entire intestine. This encapsulation is frequently accompanied by fibrin deposition, focal bleeding on the peritoneum, and various quantities of bloody ascites. A thin membrane on the visceral peritoneum contributes to the formation of the intestinal encapsulation. Histologically, the membrane is composed mainly of organized fibrin, probably derived from plasma exudation from the peritoneal microvasculature. The peritoneal fibroblasts appear swollen and exhibit an increased level of cellularity, accompanied by expression of various activation and proliferation markers. According to the “two-hit” theory of EPS pathogenesis, deterioration of the peritoneum as a result of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) procedure (the first “hit”) and superimposition of inflammatory stimuli such as infectious peritonitis (the second “hit”) are thought to play key roles in the pathogenesis of EPS. Based on histologic examination of peritoneal biopsy specimens, the detection of fibrin deposition and fibroblast phenotypic alteration were proposed as important findings for early diagnosis of EPS. Persistent inflammatory changes are also predictive of the future onset of EPS. Careful histologic evaluation of peritoneal biopsy specimens, combined with laparoscopic observations after withdrawal of PD, is required for the early diagnosis and treatment of EPS.

Histologic Evaluation of Biopsy Specimens Obtained After Rotator Cuff Repair Augmented With a Highly Porous Collagen Implant

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Arnoczky ◽  
Shariff K. Bishai ◽  
Brian Schofield ◽  
Scott Sigman ◽  
Brad D. Bushnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Collagen Implant ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
Cuff Repair ◽  
Highly Porous

scholarly journals Current possibilities for early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Lila ◽  
V. I. Mazurov ◽  
S. V. Lapin ◽  
A. V. Mazing ◽  
A. N. Moshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Method ◽  
Dermoepidermal Junction ◽  
Biopsy Specimens

The review presents the data available in the literature on the use of the lupus band test (LBT) for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LBT is a direct immunofluorescence method used to detect immunoglobulins and complement factors in the dermoepidermal junction of skin biopsy specimens. LBT may be applied as one of the diagnostic tests for early diagnosis of SLE in patients without skin manifestations and in those of incomplete SLE. Like the results of other laboratory tests, those of LBT may be taken into account when establishing a final diagnosis only in conjunction with other clinical, immunological and instrumental data.

scholarly journals RURAL HOSPITAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL PRESENTATION, HISTOPATHOLOGY, AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3474-3478
Author(s):  
Swati Garg
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Genital Tuberculosis ◽  
Operative Laparoscopy ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Patient Reports ◽  
Epithelioid Granuloma ◽  
Peritoneal Biopsy

In India, vaginal tuberculosis (FGTB) is a common cause of infertility, but diagnosis is difficult because of the form of the disease of people in need. Traditional diagnostic methods include the detection of rapid bacilli acid in endometrial or peritoneal biopsy, epithelioid granuloma biopsy, or a positive Expert type in biopsy, although this is only available in a small percentage of cases, leaving patients many are not available. Diagnosis of GTB by PCR along with histopathological findings leads to high sensitivity and specificity. So, both diagnostic and operative laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are the modalities essential for management of genital TB in infertile women. This review discusses various diagnostic modalities including endometrial or peritoneal biopsy to detect epithelioid granuloma on microscopy, role of PCR for GTB and correlation of two for early diagnosis of genital tuberculosis so that management will be started at early stage which can prevent patient from getting permanent damage to organs. Tuberculosis being endemic in counties likes India; it is often a leading cause of infertility. Early diagnosis is crucial because, by the time patient reports with infertility, already the damage has started and reverting tubal patency is almost impossible. Early diagnosis typically fails in developing countries, primarily because there are no pathognomonic signs of the disease and either poor sensitivity or procedurally invasive diagnostic methods are in use.

Cell Proliferation and Inflammation on Biopsy Samples With Multifocal Atrophic Gastritis Before and 1 Year After Helicobacter pylori Eradication

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456
Author(s):  
Jeannette Guarner ◽  
Jeanine Bartlett ◽  
Roslyn Seitz ◽  
Toni Whistler ◽  
Roberto Herrera-Goepfert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Context.—Results of clinical trials that have assessed whether gastric cancer is preventable with Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy remain inconclusive. These trials have used atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia as histopathologic end points that reflect possible preneoplastic lesions. Trial results would be more compelling if cell proliferation and inflammatory markers improved simultaneously with histopathologic lesions. Objective.—To study the presence of cell proliferation markers and type of inflammatory cells in biopsy specimens with gastritis, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia before and 1 year after H pylori therapy and to determine if immunohistochemistry can be used to study these. Design.—We evaluated 12 subjects with gastritis and 16 with gastritis and multiple foci of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia by using immunohistochemical assays for tumor suppressor protein p53, proliferation marker Ki-67, cell cycle regulator cyclin D1, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) assay for apoptosis. The biopsy specimens were selected from a randomized clinical trial that studied improvement of histopathologic gastric lesions after H pylori eradication. Results.—Groups of surface epithelial cells that expressed p53 and Ki-67 were observed more often in subjects with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia compared with those with gastritis alone. T lymphocytes in the lamina propria were frequently observed 1 year after treatment in subjects with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Conclusions.—Immunohistochemical assays for cell proliferation and inflammatory cell markers showed different distribution patterns in these gastric biopsy specimens. The presence of T lymphocytes and groups of cells that expressed proliferation markers in subjects with multiple foci of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia needs further study.

Stereology of liver biopsy specimens from patients with cirrhosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
J. W. Ryoo ◽  
R. J. Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Cirrhotic Liver ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphometry ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
Morphometric Evaluation

Histologic evaluation of liver biopsy specimens is an invaluable tool for the diagnosis and management of liver diseases. Ultrastructural evaluation of biopsy specimens, however, has been limited and qualitative in nature. Many of the ultrastuructural changes associated with liver diseases, particularly the different stages of liver diseases like liver cirrhosis, are likely quantitative and thereby detectable morphometrically. Difficulties, however, arise from the variabilities attributable to a patient's age, to the time of biopsy, to known intralobular differences, and to drugs that the patients may be taking. In order to test the feasibility of ultrastructural morphometry in the study of liver cirrhosis notwithstanding these uncontrollable variables, we carried out a morphometric evaluation of human cirrhotic liver.

scholarly journals ECHOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE STRUCTURES OF THE LIVER IN CHRONIC FORMS OF ORGAN PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
P. V. Khrolenko ◽  
E. Yu. Dyakonova ◽  
A. P. Fisenko ◽  
A. N. Surkov ◽  
I. V. Dvoryakovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Main Group ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Liver Capsule ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Visceral Peritoneum ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
Progressive Course

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is characterized by a progressive course, the formation of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Existing echographic criteria for assessing pathological changes fail to allow to determine accurately the severity of fibrosis, and sometimes, cirrhosis. A liver biopsy carries the risk of non-informative biopsies and the development of complications. In this regard, additional diagnostic criteria are needed to judge the state of the liver tissue, in particular, its surface structures, in both cases without liver involvement and CLD patients. Materials and methods. 75 CLD patients were included in the main group and 73 children without liver pathology - in the control group. An ultrasound system of the expert class was used to perform an echographic assessment of the surface structures of the liver: the thickness of the Glisson’s capsule, the presence of its stratification and nodularity, increased subcapsular blood flow, and the shape of the edge of the liver. In order to assess the severity of pathological changes, all patients of the main group underwent an edge biopsy of the liver under laparoscopic control, followed by histological examination of biopsy specimens. The obtained ultrasound data in CLD patients were compared with the results of a morphological study. Fibrosis stages were calculated using the METAVIR scale. Results. The thickness of the liver capsule in patients of the main group was found to be significantly greater than in the control group (p = 0.000). The degree of thickening of the surface structures in CLD patients increases significantly with the age when compared with healthy children. Significant differences were found in the incidence of stratification and heterogeneity of the surface structures of the liver in CLD children. The presence of echographic changes in the liver capsule was detected in 29 out of the 75 patients of the main group. In these patients, rounding of the edge of the liver was often noted - 27 cases and stratification of the surface structures - 26 cases. Changes in the surface structures of the liver were detected primarily in patients with cirrhosis (stage F4). Stratification of the surface structures of the liver was often noted in them, and capsule heterogeneity and asynchronous movement of the capsule and visceral peritoneum were detected in more than half of cases among all echographic changes in CLD children. Conclusion The echographic heterogeneity of the liver capsule and the asynchronous movements of the capsule and visceral peritoneum in CLD children are informative criteria for organ pathology and can be used for diagnosis.

Ultrastructural Changes Associated with Alcoholic Hyalin in Hepatocytes and Biliary Epithelial Cells

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Main Mass ◽  
Biliary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Alcoholic Hyalin

To learn more of the nature and origin of alcoholic hyalin (AH), 15 liver biopsy specimens from patients with alcoholic hepatitis were studied in detail.AH was found not only in hepatocytes but also in ductular cells (Figs. 1 and 2), although in the latter location only rarely. The bulk of AH consisted of a randomly oriented network of closely packed filaments measuring about 150 Å in width. Bundles of filaments smaller in diameter (40-90 Å) were observed along the periphery of the main mass (Fig. 1), often surrounding it in a rim-like fashion. Fine filaments were also found close to the nucleus in both hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, the latter even though characteristic AH was not present (Figs. 3 and 4). Dispersed among the larger filaments were glycogen, RNA particles and profiles of endoplasmic reticulum. Dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum were often conspicuous around the periphery of the AH mass. A limiting membrane was not observed.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Human Jejunum in Whipple's Disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
C. N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Brush Borders ◽  
Scanning Electron

That the etiology of Whipple's disease could be bacterial was first suggested from electron micrographs in 1960. Evidence for binary fission of the bacteria, their phagocytosis by histiocytes in the lamina propria, their occurrence between and within the cells of the epithelium and on the brush border of the lumen were reported later. Scanning electron microscopy has been applied by us in an attempt to confirm the earlier observations by the new technique and to describe the bacterium further. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been used concurrently to study the same biopsy specimens, and transmission observations have been used to confirm those made by scanning.The locations of the brush borders, the columnar epithelial cells, the basement membrane and the lamina propria beneath it were each easily identified by scanning electron microscopy. The lamina propria was completely filled with the wiener-shaped bacteria, Fig. 1.

A Comparison Between Sterological Point Counting and Digitizing Tablets

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 666-667
Author(s):  
John M. Basgen ◽  
Eileen N. Ellis ◽  
S. Michael Mauer ◽  
Michael W. Steffes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
Point Counting ◽  
Normal Kidney Tissue ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume ◽  
Kidney Lesions

To determine the efficiency of methods of quantitation of the volume density of components within kidney biopsies, techniques involving a semi-automatic digitizing tablet and stereological point counting were compared.Volume density (Vv) is a parameter reflecting the volume of a component to the volume that contains the component, e.g., the fraction of cell volume that is made up of mitochondrial volume. The units of Vv are μm3 /μm3.Kidney biopsies from 15 patients were used. Five were donor biopsies performed at the time of kidney transplantation (patients 1-5, TABLE 1) and were considered normal kidney tissue. The remaining biopsies were obtained from diabetic patients with a spectrum of diabetic kidney lesions. The biopsy specimens were fixed and embedded according to routine electron microscogy protocols. Three glomeruli from each patient were selected randomly for electron microscopy. An average of 12 unbiased and systematic micrographs were obtained from each glomerulus and printed at a final magnification of x18,000.

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