The Relationship of P1 and Lewis Antigens with Peritoneal Dialysis–Related Escherichia Coli Peritonitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
I-Wen Ting ◽  
Tze-Wah Kao ◽  
Yen-Ling Chiu ◽  
Shyh-Chyi Lo ◽  
Fu-Chang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Lewis Antigens ◽  
Right Censored Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lewis A

It has been known that the P1 and Lewis antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) affect the risk of Escherichia coli–related urinary tract infection. In the present study, we investigated the associations between those antigens and peritoneal dialysis (PD)–related peritonitis and E. coli peritonitis. We recruited 155 patients (66 men, 89 women) who were under PD treatment in July 2005, checked the P1 and Lewis antigen status of their RBCs, reviewed their medical charts, and recorded the dates and the causative pathogens of peritonitis episodes. The relationships between peritonitis and the antigens were analyzed. The mean age of these PD patients was 52.5 ± 14.9 years, and the mean PD duration was 39.8 ± 38.2 months. A total of 66 peritonitis episodes occurred (over 93.4 patient– months) in 41 patients, with 8 patients having more than 1 episode. In particular, E. coli peritonitis accounted for 16 of the 66 peritonitis episodes. We fitted two multiple Cox proportional hazards models (with the robust variance method) for predicting the hazard rates of peritonitis-free and E. coli peritonitis-free survival times to our right-censored data with recurrent events. We found that patients on PD treatment for less than 4 years with (A) lower serum albumin, (B) one or more previous peritonitis episodes, or (C) negative Lewis a and positive Lewis b antigens (secretor) would be at higher risk of peritonitis. And, conditioning on blood type, the PD patients with one or more previous peritonitis episodes and (A) positive P1 antigen, (B) negative Lewis a and positive Lewis b antigens (secretor), or (C) positive Lewis a and negative Lewis b antigens (non-secretor) would be at higher risk of E. coli peritonitis.

Hygienic Effects of Trimming and Washing Operations in a Beef-Carcass-Dressing Process†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL ◽  
M. BADONI ◽  
T. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
The Mean

Swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of randomly selected beef carcasses passing through a high-speed dressing process. A single sample was obtained from a randomly selected site on the surface of each selected carcass. Fifty such samples were collected at each of four stages in the process. The aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli recovered from each sample were enumerated. Values for the mean log units and standard deviations of each set of 50 log values were calculated on the assumption that the log values were normally distributed. The log of the arithmetic mean was estimated from the mean log and standard deviation values for each set. The results show that the average numbers of E. coli, coliforms, and aerobic bacteria which are deposited on carcasses during skinning and evisceration are not reduced by trimming, and that washing approximately halves the average numbers of those bacteria on carcasses. It is concluded that commercial trimming and washing operations are not effective means of decontaminating beef carcasses.

Microbiological Effects of Hand Washing at a Beef Carcass–Breaking Facility†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL ◽  
J. C. McGINNIS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Beef Carcass

The hands of workers in the carcass-breaking facility at a beef packing plant were sampled by rinsing. Total aerobes, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were enumerated for each sample. The numbers of bacteria recovered from duplicate groups of 25 hand samples collected before and after hands were washed with an antibacterial gel, rinsed in a disinfectant solution, washed with the gel and rinsed with the disinfectant, or washed in the disinfectant for 20 s were similar for samples collected before work began after breaks. The numbers of bacteria recovered from samples collected before and after hands were washed with the antibacterial gel and rinsed in the disinfectant solution were similar for samples collected after work as well. However, the mean numbers of aerobes recovered from the four groups of hand samples after work were all >6.5 log CFU per hand, while 9 of the 10 corresponding values for groups of hand samples collected before work were <6.5 log CFU per hand; the total numbers of coliforms recovered from three groups of hand samples collected after work were >4 log CFU/25 hands, while 9 of the corresponding values for groups of hand samples collected before work were <4 log CFU/25 hands. The total numbers of E. coli recovered from all groups of hand samples collected after work were >3.5 log CFU/25 hands, while 9 of the corresponding values for groups of hand samples collected before work were <3 log CFU/25 hands. Thus, although washing and/or rinsing apparently did not reduce the numbers of bacteria on hands, fewer bacteria were recovered from hands before than after work.

Assessment of the Hygienic Performance of a Sheep Carcass Dressing Process†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. GILL ◽  
L.P. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Beef Carcass ◽  
Normally Distributed

Swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of randomly selected carcasses passing through a sheep carcass-dressing process. A single sample was obtained from a randomly selected site on the surface of each carcass. Twenty-five such samples were collected at each of four stages in the process. The aerobio bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli recovered from each sample were enumerated. Values for the mean log and standard deviation of each set of 25 log10 values were calculated on the assumption that the log values were normally distributed. The log of the arithmetic mean was estimated from the mean log and standard deviation values for each set. The results showed that bacteria, including coliforms that were largely E. coli, were deposited in high numbers during skinning operations, mainly on the butts and shoulders of carcasses. The mean numbers of coliforms and E. coli on carcasses were little affected by eviscerating and trimming operations, although they were redistributed from the sites they occupied after skinning. Total counts were redistributed and augmented by eviscerating and trimming operations. Washing reduced the log numbers of all of the bacteria by approximately 0.5. The general hygienic characteristics of the sheep carcass dressing process were similar to those of a previously examined beef carcass-dressing process.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of combined ultraviolet-ultrasonic technologies in removal of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistant Escherichia coli from domestic effluents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owassa Dza Rebecca Annisha ◽  
Zifu Li ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhou ◽  
Ngomah Madgil Don Stenay ◽  
Oscar Omondi Donde
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Radiation Technology ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Domestic Effluents

Abstract Proper treatment of wastewater is key to the achievement of sustainable environmental management. The use of ultraviolet radiation and ultrasound have continued to be considered as some of the best sustainable practices in wastewater purification. However, despite the suitability of the two emerging techniques in sustainably increasing the purification efficiencies of wastewater, their application has not been fully understood, especially in eliminating faecal pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, their combined potential in the elimination of Escherichia coli resistant genes from wastewater has not been adequately explored. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of individual and combined/integrated ultraviolet radiation and ultrasonic technologies in the removal of antibiotic-resistant E. coli from domestic effluents. There was a statistical difference in the mean log units of sulfonamide resistant E. coli between the different ultraviolet radiation and ultrasonic dosages (P < 0.05), showing that ultraviolet radiation technology was more effective in the removal of both sulfonamide and tetracycline resistant E. coli from the wastewater. However, the integrated ultraviolet radiation-ultrasonic technique was highly efficient and is recommended in the removal of antibiotic resistant E. coli from wastewater. Nonetheless, further studies also need to be performed to further evaluate the disinfection effectiveness on a different bacteria species under continuous operation.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic Protein Mobility in Osmotically Stressed Escherichia coli

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Konopka ◽  
Kem A. Sochacki ◽  
Benjamin P. Bratton ◽  
Irina A. Shkel ◽  
M. Thomas Record ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surprising Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT Facile diffusion of globular proteins within a cytoplasm that is dense with biopolymers is essential to normal cellular biochemical activity and growth. Remarkably, Escherichia coli grows in minimal medium over a wide range of external osmolalities (0.03 to 1.8 osmol). The mean cytoplasmic biopolymer volume fraction (〈φ〉) for such adapted cells ranges from 0.16 at 0.10 osmol to 0.36 at 1.45 osmol. For cells grown at 0.28 osmol, a similar 〈φ〉 range is obtained by plasmolysis (sudden osmotic upshift) using NaCl or sucrose as the external osmolyte, after which the only available cellular response is passive loss of cytoplasmic water. Here we measure the effective axial diffusion coefficient of green fluorescent protein (D GFP) in the cytoplasm of E. coli cells as a function of 〈φ〉 for both plasmolyzed and adapted cells. For plasmolyzed cells, the median D GFP ( \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(D_{GFP}^{m}\) \end{document} ) decreases by a factor of 70 as 〈φ〉 increases from 0.16 to 0.33. In sharp contrast, for adapted cells, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(D_{GFP}^{m}\) \end{document} decreases only by a factor of 2.1 as 〈φ〉 increases from 0.16 to 0.36. Clearly, GFP diffusion is not determined by 〈φ〉 alone. By comparison with quantitative models, we show that the data cannot be explained by crowding theory. We suggest possible underlying causes of this surprising effect and further experiments that will help choose among competing hypotheses. Recovery of the ability of proteins to diffuse in the cytoplasm after plasmolysis may well be a key determinant of the time scale of the recovery of growth.

COLIFORM BACTERIA IN SEA WATER AND SHELLFISH: II. THE E. C. CONFIRMATION TEST FOR ESCHERICHIA COLI

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tennant ◽  
J. E. Reid ◽  
L. J. Rockwell ◽  
E. T. Bynoe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Cultures

Recently there has been considerable interest in Canada and the United States in the development of an effective, simple test for the estimation of Escherichia coli densities in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters as a better indication of "faecal" pollution than that provided by the coliform group. The fidelity of the E.C. confirmation test for the determination of E. coli densities was evaluated in 15 shellfish-growing areas which were classified as "polluted" or "unpolluted" according to generally accepted criteria. Coliform strains were isolated from 2765 E.C. gas positive confirmation test cultures and identified by IMViC tests. The mean fidelity of the test, as an indication of the presence of E. coli, was circa 90 per cent; contrary to expectations, however, the per cent recovery of E. coli was higher in unpolluted areas than in polluted areas, and varied considerably from region to region. Aerobacter aerogenes types I and II were the most common other E.C. gas positive coliform biotypes found. The usefulness of the confirmation test and the sanitary significance of these data are discussed.

scholarly journals Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Soil and Translocation into Leeks (Allium porrum) as Influenced by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Glomus intraradices)

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1813-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Gurtler ◽  
David D. Douds ◽  
Brian P. Dirks ◽  
Jennifer J. Quinlan ◽  
April M. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi onSalmonellaand enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (EHEC) in autoclaved soil and translocation into leek plants. Six-week-old leek plants (with [Myc+] or without [Myc−] AM fungi) were inoculated with composite suspensions ofSalmonellaor EHEC at ca. 8.2 log CFU/plant into soil. Soil, root, and shoot samples were analyzed for pathogens on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 postinoculation. Initial populations (day 1) were ca. 3.1 and 2.1 log CFU/root, ca. 2.0 and 1.5 log CFU/shoot, and ca. 5.5 and 5.1 CFU/g of soil forSalmonellaand EHEC, respectively. Enrichments indicated that at days 8 and 22, only 31% of root samples were positive for EHEC, versus 73% positive forSalmonella. The meanSalmonellalevel in soil was 3.4 log CFU/g at day 22, while EHEC populations dropped to ≤0.75 log CFU/g by day 15. Overall,Salmonellasurvived in a greater number of shoot, root, and soil samples, compared with the survival of EHEC. EHEC was not present in Myc− shoots after day 8 (0/16 samples positive); however, EHEC persisted in higher numbers (P= 0.05) in Myc+ shoots (4/16 positive) at days 15 and 22.Salmonella, likewise, survived in statistically higher numbers of Myc+ shoot samples (8/8) at day 8, compared with survival in Myc− shoots (i.e., only 4/8). These results suggest that AM fungi may potentially enhance the survival ofE. coliO157:H7 andSalmonellain the stems of growing leek plants.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli O157 Isolated From Raw Milk Marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Md. Kauser-Ul Alam ◽  
Shireen Akther ◽  
Nazmul Sarwar ◽  
Shamsul Morshed ◽  
Goutam Kumar Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Escherichia coli is an emerging public health concern in most countries of the world. It is an important cause of food-borne human disease. The present study assessed the prevalence and determined the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli from raw milk marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Of the raw milk marketed in Chittagong ~33(18%) of the 186 raw milk samples of it contains E. coli, indicator bacteria for any enteric pathogens. The mean viable count of total bacteria was 4.04×108 cfu/ml and the mean viable count of E. coli in the contaminated raw milk was 1.88×106 cfu/ml. E. coli from only six (18.2%) of the 33 positive samples yielded colourless colonies across the CT-SMAC, suggesting the probable presence of populations belonging to the serotype O157 and rest of the isolates 27 (81.82%) produced coloured colony on CT-SMAC considering the probable presence of populations belonging to the serotype non-O157. Growth of probable E. coli O157, as evidenced by the colourless colonies on CT-SMAC compared to coloured colonies from other bacteria. Confirmed isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using the Agar disc diffusion technique. Antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates in case of E. coli O157, penicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), amoxicillin (83.33%) and erythromycin (83.33%) were the most resistant whereas ciprofloxacin (66.67%), gentamicin (50.0%), and streptomycin (50.0%) were the most sensitive antibiotics. In case of E.coli non-O157 susceptibility profile showed that chloramphenicol (40.74%), erythromycin (40.74%) and oxacillin (37.04%) were the most resistant whereas ciprofloxacin (70.37%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (S/T) (59.26%) and gentamycin (55.55%) were the most sensitive antibiotics. The antimicrobial resistance exhibited by E. coli O157and non-O157 strains in this study is an indication of possible antibiotic abuse.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of shellfish and evaluation of compact dry EC for detecting total coliforms and Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vásquez García ◽  
S.H. Gomes de Sá ◽  
G. de Sousa Silva ◽  
J.E. Mejia Ballesteros ◽  
E. Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of oysters and mussels grown in Cananéia, Brazil, by analysing mesophiles, psychrothophic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp., and to compare the efficiency of Compact Dry EC method and the conventional method for counting of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The microbial analysis showed that the mean values of mesophilic counts were 3.14±0.81 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.92±0.90 for mussels; the mean values of psychrophilic counts were 2.78±0.75 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.22±0.75 log CFU g−1 for mussels; the mean values of mould and yeast counts were 3.70±0.58 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.33±0.81 log CFU g−1 for mussels. Salmonella spp. did not present positive results, and the maximal count of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.7 log CFU g−1, therefore, within the limits established in the legislation. The correlation coefficients between the Compact Dry EC method and conventional method were >0.87 for total coliform and E. coli counts for both types of shellfish. The data in this study show that the Compact Dry EC method is an acceptable alternative to conventional methods for enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in shellfish.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Minute Steaks Cooked under Selected Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647
Author(s):  
Xianqin Yang ◽  
Julia Devos ◽  
Mark D. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cooking Practices ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pan Frying

ABSTRACT A national survey was conducted in Canada to determine consumer cooking practices for minute steaks (thin, mechanically tenderized beef cutlets). Results indicate that most Canadians prefer cooking minute steaks by pan frying and to a medium level of doneness. To identify safe cooking conditions, retail minute steaks (∼125 g), inoculated at three sites per steak with a five-strain cocktail of nontoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (6.1 log CFU per site), were cooked on a hot plate (200°C), mimicking a pan-frying scenario. The steaks (n = 5) were cooked for 4, 6, 8, or 10 min with turning over (flipping) up to four times at equal time intervals; or to 63 or 71°C at the thickest area with or without a tinfoil lid. When cooked for 4 min, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from all inoculation sites, and the mean reductions at various sites (1.2 to 3.4 log CFU per site) were not different (P > 0.05), irrespective of the flipping frequency. When cooked for 6 min with flipping once or twice, or for 8 min with flipping once, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from most sites; the mean reductions (3.8 to 5.3 log CFU per site) were not different (P > 0.05), but they were higher (P < 0.05) than those for steaks cooked for 4 min. When cooked for 10, 8, or 6 min with flipping once, twice, or three times, respectively, E. coli O157:H7 was eliminated from most sites, but sites with <5-log reductions were found. Reductions of E. coli O157:H7 by >5 log at all inoculation sites were attained when the steaks were cooked for 10 or 8 min with two or more or three or more flippings, respectively, or for 6 min with four flippings. When flipped twice during cooking to 63 or 71°C, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from three or fewer sites; however, >5-log reductions throughout the steaks were only attained for the latter temperature, irrespective of whether the hot plate was covered with the tinfoil lid. Thus, turning over minute steaks twice during cooking to 71°C or flipping two, three, or four times with a cooking time of 10, 8, or 6 min could achieve 5-log reductions throughout the steaks.

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