Facing Europe

Individuals perceive their own group to be more typical of a shared superordinate identity than other groups are. This in-group projection process has been demonstrated with both self-report and indirect measures. The two studies reported here extend this research to the visual level, specifically, within the domain of faces. Using an innovative reverse-correlation approach, we found that German and Portuguese participants’ visual representations of European faces resembled the appearance typical for their own national identity. This effect was found even among participants who explicitly denied that one nation was more typical of Europe than the other (Study 1). Moreover, Study 2 provides experimental evidence that in-group projection is restricted to inclusive superordinate groups, as the effect was not observed for visual representations of a category (“Australian”) that did not include participants’ in-group. Implications for the in-group projection model, as well as for the applicability of reverse-correlation paradigms, are discussed.

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Association of Age, Birth order and Family Income with Psycho-social problems in Rural Adolescents

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v20i2.26 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 90-95

Author(s):

Noorul Amin

Keyword(s):

Birth Order ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Family Income ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

The Other ◽

Self Report ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Youth Self Report ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The present age is the age of stress. Everybody is disturbed due to one or the other reason irrespective of their age. However, adolescents are more prone to psychological and sociological disturbances.Objectives:To assess the psychosocial problems in adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted in selected schools of urban and rural areas taking 100 participants each for boys and girls using convenient sampling method. The tool used was youth self report. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study revealed that 48.5% adolescents were well adjusted; 47% were having mild psychosocial problems; 4% had moderate psychosocial problems and 0.5% had severe psychosocial problems.Conclusion: Adolescents irrespective of their living places had varying degrees of psychosocial problems. JMS 2017; 20 (2):90-95

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Multicultural and Transnational Novels

10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0032 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

James Meffan

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

New Zealand ◽

The Other ◽

Colonial History ◽

History Of ◽

Return Home ◽

Access Rights ◽

The One

This chapter discusses the history of multicultural and transnational novels in New Zealand. A novel set in New Zealand will have to deal with questions about cultural access rights on the one hand and cultural coverage on the other. The term ‘transnational novel’ gains its relevance from questions about cultural and national identity, questions that have particularly exercised nations formed from colonial history. The chapter considers novels that demonstrate and respond to perceived deficiencies in wider discourses of cultural and national identity by way of comparison between New Zealand and somewhere else. These include Amelia Batistich's Another Mountain, Another Song (1981), Albert Wendt's Sons for the Return Home (1973) and Black Rainbow (1992), James McNeish's Penelope's Island (1990), Stephanie Johnson's The Heart's Wild Surf (2003), and Lloyd Jones's Mister Pip (2006).

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Bulimia nervosa with co-morbid avoidant personality disorder: behavioural characteristics and serotonergic function

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329170300864x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 113-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

K. R. BRUCE ◽

H. STEIGER ◽

N. M. KOERNER ◽

M. ISRAEL ◽

S. N. YOUNG

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

The Other ◽

Self Report ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Social Avoidance ◽

Behavioural Inhibition ◽

Avoidant Personality Disorder ◽

Affective Instability ◽

The Impact

Background. Separate lines of research link lowered serotonin tone to interpersonal submissiveness and bulimia nervosa (BN). We explored the impact of co-morbid avoidant personality disorder (APD), as a proxy for submissiveness, on behavioural inhibition and serotonin function in women with BN.Method. Participants included women with BN with co-morbid APD (BNA+, N=13); women with BN but without APD (BNA−, N=23), and control women with neither BN nor APD (N=23). The women were assessed for psychopathological tendencies and eating disorder symptoms, and participated in a computerized laboratory task that measured behavioural inhibition and disinhibition. Participants also provided blood samples for measurement of serial prolactin responses following oral administration of the partial 5-HT agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP).Results. The BNA+ group had higher scores than the other groups on self-report measures of submissiveness, social avoidance, restricted emotional expression, affective instability and self-harming behaviours. Compared with the other groups, the BNA+ group tended to be more inhibited under cues for punishment on the computerized task and to have blunted prolactin response following m-CPP. The bulimic groups did not differ from each other on current eating symptoms or on frequencies of other mental disorders.Conclusions. Findings indicate that women with BN and co-morbid APD may be characterized by interpersonal submissiveness and avoidance, affective instability, self-harm, behavioural inhibition in response to threat and lower sensitivity to serotonergic activation. These findings may indicate common, serotonergic factors, associated with social submissiveness, behavioural inhibition to threat and BN.

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Rag Doll Nations and the Politics of Differentiation on Arbitrary Borders: Karelia and Moldova*

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1080/0090599042000230287 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 457-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mark Lawrence Schrad

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

The State ◽

Ethnic Community ◽

National Identities ◽

The Other ◽

Interesting Aspect ◽

Territorial Boundaries ◽

Shed Light

“Tell a man today to go and build a state,” Samuel Finer once stated, “and he will try to establish a definite and defensible boundary and compel those who live inside it to obey him.” While at best an oversimplification, Finer's insight illuminates an interesting aspect of state-society relations. Who is it that builds the state? How and where do they establish territorial boundaries, and how are those who live within that territory compelled to obey? Generally speaking, these are the questions that will be addressed here. Of more immediate concern is the fate of peoples located in regions where arbitrary land boundaries fall. Are they made loyal to the state through coercion or by their own compulsions? More importantly, how are their identities shaped by the efforts of the state to differentiate them from their compatriots on the other side of the borders? How is the shift from ethnic to national identities undertaken? A parallel elaboration of the national histories of the populations of Karelia and Moldova will shed light on these questions. The histories of each group are marked by a myriad of attempts to differentiate the identity of each ethnic community from their compatriots beyond the state's borders. The results of such overt, state-initiated efforts to differentiate borderland populations by encouraging a national identity at the expense of the ethnic, has ranged from the mundane to the tragic—from uneventful assimilation to persecution and even genocide. As an illustration of the range of possibilities and processes, I maintain that the tragedies of Karelia and Moldova are not exceptional, but rather are a consequence of their geographical straddling of arbitrary borders, and the need for the state to promote a distinctive national identity for these populations to differentiate them socially from their compatriots beyond the frontier.

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How “Native” Are Heritage Speakers?

Heritage Language Journal ◽

10.46538/hlj.10.2.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 153-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silvina Montrul

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Experimental Evidence ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Age Of Acquisition ◽

The Other ◽

Gender Agreement ◽

Heritage Speakers ◽

High Incidence ◽

Incomplete Acquisition

One of the chief characteristics of heritage speakers is that they range in proficiency from “overhearers” to “native” speakers. To date, the vast majority of linguistic and psycholinguistic studies have characterized the non-target-like linguistic abilities of heritage speakers as a product of incomplete acquisition and/or attrition due to reduced exposure and opportunities to use the language during childhood. This article focuses on the other side of the problem, emphasizing instead the high incidence of native-like abilities in adult heritage speakers. I illustrate this issue with recent experimental evidence from gender agreement in Spanish, a grammatical feature that is mastered at almost 100% accuracy in production by native speakers;yet it is one of the most difficult areas to master for non-native speakers, including near-natives.I discuss how age of acquisition and language-learning experience explain these effects.

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Self-Interested Giving: The Relationship Between Conditional Gifts, Charitable Donations, and Donor Self-Interestedness

Management Science ◽

10.1287/mnsc.2021.4039 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Chao ◽

Geoffrey Fisher

Keyword(s):

Decision Analysis ◽

Experimental Evidence ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Self Report ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Charitable Donations ◽

Prosocial Motives ◽

The Gift ◽

Other Regarding ◽

The Relationship

Nonprofits regularly use conditional “thank you” gifts to entice prospective donors to give, yet experimental evidence suggests that their effects are mixed in practice. This paper uses multiple laboratory experiments to test when and why thank you gifts vary in effectiveness. First, we demonstrate that although gifts often increase donations to charities that donors did not rate highly, many of the same gifts had no effects or negative effects for charities that prospective donors already liked. We replicate these findings in a second experiment that uses a different range of charity and gift options as well as different measures of participant perceptions of a charity. We also find that making gifts optional, as is common in fundraising campaigns, does not eliminate these negative gift effects. In additional experiments, we directly test for donor motives using self-report and priming experiments. We find that thank you gifts increase (decrease) the weight that donors place on self-interested (prosocial) motives, leading to changes in donation patterns. Altogether, our results suggest that practitioners may find gifts more useful when appealing to donors not already familiar with or favorably inclined to their charity, such as during donor acquisition campaigns. They may be less useful when appealing to recent donors or others who already favor the charity, in part because the gift may activate mindsets or norms that emphasize self-interested motives instead of more prosocial, other-regarding motives. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.

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Are mesoionic compounds aromatic?

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v98-065 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 869-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alfredo Mayall Simas ◽

Joseph Miller ◽

Petrônio Filgueiras de Athayade Filho

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evidence ◽

Key Words ◽

Dipole Moments ◽

The Other ◽

Side Chain ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ring Plane ◽

X Ray ◽

Single Bonds

We have evaluated the experimental evidence relevant to the structure and character of mesoionic compounds, accumulated for more than 100 years and including X-ray diffraction studies. We have also evaluated relevant theoretical studies. All these, including our own extensive work, lead us to conclude that mesoionic compounds are not aromatic. According to our recent definition “mesoionic compounds are planar five-membered heterocyclic betaines with at least one side chain whose α-atom is also in the ring plane and with dipole moments of the order of 5 D. Electrons are delocalized over two regions separated by what are essentially single bonds. One region, which includes the a-atom of the side chain is associated with the HOMO and negative π-charge whereas the other is associated with the LUMO and positive π-charge.” Key words: mesoionic compounds, betaines, aromaticity.

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Accepting the truth: A step toward reconciliation

Temida ◽

10.2298/tem0204015i ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Zoran Ilic

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Psychological Explanation ◽

The Other ◽

Group Level ◽

Moral Norms ◽

Extreme Form ◽

Individual Level ◽

Psychological Mechanisms

The truth is not only about accepting the facts. The truth includes emotional components - longing for acknowledgment of mistakes and validation of painful losses and experiences. While one side in the conflict considers itself as the only victim and experiences determination and acknowledgment of the truth as a possibility for healing its own trauma through satisfaction of justice and compensation, the other side is not accepting the truth. For this other side, confrontation with the facts is a painful trauma, which endangers individual moral norms, threatens the national identity and requires, on individual level, plugging in the defense mechanism, in order to prevent penetration of painful emotions into the consciousness. Primitive psychological mechanisms of defense, focused around splitting (projection, denial), are the main obstacles in accepting the truth both on individual and group level. There is also another extreme form of reaction manifested through "hypertrophy" of the truth and one-sided self-accusation. In this paper the author presents psychological explanation of the process of accepting the truth as the prerequisite for reconciliation and transformation of the conflict.

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Constructing the nation through immigration law and legal processes of belonging

10.32920/ryerson.14657223 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie Molina

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

Labour Market ◽

Market Segmentation ◽

The Other ◽

Immigration Law ◽

Foreign Workers ◽

Legal Subjectivity ◽

Temporary Foreign Workers ◽

Labour Market Segmentation ◽

Legal Policies

The aim of this critical literature review is to define the connection between immigration policies and the construction of a national identity, and to discuss what the implications of such connections may be. Tracing how the legal subjectivity of the migrant has developed throughout time and through policy reveals how messages about the nation and Others are created, sustained, and circulated through legal policies. What values are implicit within Canadian immigration policy? How does the migrant ‘other’ help ‘us’ stay ‘us’? How do nationalist ideologies construct the Other and how is this reflected in labour market segmentation? Constructing a national identity involves categorizing migrants into legal categories of belonging, a process in which historical positions of power are both legitimized and re-established through law. Discourses about temporary foreign workers provide examples of how the Other is framed in limited terms and in opposition to that of legitimate members of Canadian society. Key Terms: Citizenship, discourse, subjectivity, immigration law, identity, power, humanitarianism, temporary foreign workers, labour market segmentation.

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Preliminary Scales for ICD-11 Personality Disorder: Self and Interpersonal Dysfunction Plus Five Personality Disorder Trait Domains

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lee Anna Clark ◽

Alejandro Corona-Espinosa ◽

Shereen Khoo ◽

Yuliya Kotelnikova ◽

Holly F. Levin-Aspenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

The Other ◽

Self Report ◽

Model Description ◽

Component Level ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽

Two Factors ◽

Clinical Description

The ICD-11 personality disorder model is the first fully dimensional assessment of personality pathology. It consists of a personality disorder (PD) dysfunction-severity dimension, which encompasses both self- and interpersonal dysfunction, and six optional qualifiers for five prominent personality traits—Negative Affectivity (NA), Detachment (DET), Dissociality (DSL), Disinhibition (DSN), and Anankastia (ANK)—plus a borderline pattern that is defined by the criteria of DSM-IV borderline PD. This article reports on the development of a new self-report measure to assess self- and interpersonal dysfunction and the five trait qualifiers. It is the first comprehensive measure of the ICD-11 PD model in that (a) it is the only one to include both PD dysfunction-severity as well as trait scales and because (b) it is based on the Clinical Description and Diagnostic Guidelines, which are more detailed than the “statistical” model description that is currently on the ICD-11 website. The authors wrote 992 items and then reduced the pool to 300 items by eliminating redundancy and selecting the consensus best few items for each subconstruct. Data were collected using an online sample of 383 Prolific workers. Using exploratory factor analysis, seven domain scales were developed, each of which contained two to four scales assessing components of the domain. These preliminary scales’ psychometrics were excellent, as were the domains’ and their components’ convergent and discriminant validity, with a few generally minor exceptions. Structural analyses at the component level revealed a three-factor structure consisting of two moderately correlated Internalizing factors, one centered on Self Dysfunction with two NA components and a DSN component (Distractibility) and the other on Interpersonal Dysfunction with DET and ANK components; as well as an Externalizing factor with DSL and a DSN component (Reckless Impulsivity) that was uncorrelated with the other two factors. Two aspects of the results in particular are striking: (1) ANK was not the opposite end of a DSN dimension, but rather contributed to an Internalizing Interpersonal Dysfunction dimension and (2) DSN had both an Internalizing and an Externalizing component. Implications of the findings and study limitations are discussed.

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