scholarly journals Corrigendum: Beyond Purity: Moral Disgust Toward Bad Character

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1871-1871

Original article: Giner-Sorolla, R., & Chapman, H. A. (2017). Beyond purity: Moral disgust toward bad character. Psychological Science, 28, 80–91. doi:10.1177/0956797616673193 In this article, some effect sizes in the Results section for Study 1 were reported incorrectly and are now being corrected. In the section titled Manipulation Checks: Act and Character Ratings, we reported a d value of 0.32 for the one-sample t test comparing participants’ act ratings with the midpoint of the scale; the correct value is 0.30. The sentence should read as follows: Follow-up one-sample t tests using the midpoint of the scale as a test value (because participants compared John with Robert) indicated that the cat beater’s actions were judged to be less wrong than the woman beater’s actions, t(86) = −2.82, p = .006, d = 0.30. In the section titled Emotion Ratings, we reported a d value of 0.42 for the paired-samples t test comparing relative ratings of facial disgust and facial anger; the correct value is 0.34. In addition, the effect-size statistic is dz rather than d. The sentence should read as follows: As predicted, a paired-samples t test indicated that relative facial-disgust ratings ( M = 4.36, SE = 0.21) were significantly different from relative facial-anger ratings ( M = 3.63, SE = 0.20), t(86) = −3.12, p = .002, dz = 0.34; this indicates that the cat-beater and woman-beater scenarios differentially evoked disgust and anger. Later in that section, we reported a d value of 0.21 for the one-sample t test comparing ratings of facial disgust with the midpoint of the scale; the correct value is 0.20. In the same sentence, we reported a d value of 0.21 for the one-sample t test comparing ratings of facial anger with the midpoint of the scale; the correct value is 0.19. The sentence should read as follows: Follow-up one-sample t tests against the midpoint of the scale showed trends in the predicted directions, with higher disgust for the cat beater compared with the woman beater, t(86) = 1.7, p = .088, d = 0.20, and higher anger for the woman beater compared with the cat beater, t(86) = −1.82, p = .072, d = 0.19 (see Fig. 1). These errors do not affect the significance of the results or the overall conclusions for Study 1.

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Hung ◽  
Judith F. Baumhauer ◽  
Frank W. Licari ◽  
Jerry Bounsanga ◽  
Maren W. Voss ◽  
...  

Background: Investigating the responsiveness of an instrument is important in order to provide meaningful interpretation of clinical outcomes. This study examined the responsiveness of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF), the PROMIS Pain Interference (PI), and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Sports subscale in an orthopedic sample with foot and ankle ailments. Methods: Patients presenting to an orthopedic foot and ankle clinic during the years 2014–2017 responded to the PROMIS and FAAM instruments prior to their clinical appointments. The responsiveness of the PROMIS PF v1.2, PROMIS PI v1.1, and FAAM Sports were assessed using paired samples t test, effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM) at 4 different follow-up points. A total of 785 patients with an average age of 52 years (SD = 17) were included. Results: The PROMIS PF had ESs of 0.95 to 1.22 across the 4 time points (3, >3, 6, and <6 months) and SRMs of 1.04 to 1.43. The PROMIS PI had ESs of 1.04 to 1.63 and SRMs of 1.17 to 1.23. For the FAAM Sports, the ESs were 1.25 to 1.31 and SRMs were 1.07 to 1.20. The ability to detect changes via paired samples t test provided mixed results. But in general, the patients with improvement had statistically significant improved scores, and the worsening patients had statistically significant worse scores. Conclusion: The PROMIS PF, PROMIS PI, and FAAM Sports were sensitive and responsive to changes in patient-reported health. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Davidson

The reporting and interpretation of effect sizes is often promoted as a panacea for the ramifications of institutionalized statistical rituals associated with the null-hypothesis significance test. Mechanical objectivity—conflating the use of a method with the obtainment of truth—is a useful theoretical tool for understanding the possible failure of effect size reporting ( Porter, 1995 ). This article helps elucidate the ouroboros of psychological methodology. This is the cycle of improved tools to produce trustworthy knowledge, leading to their institutionalization and adoption as forms of thinking, leading to methodologists eventually admonishing researchers for relying too heavily on rituals, finally leading to the production of more new improved quantitative tools that may follow along this circular path. Despite many critiques and warnings, research psychologists’ superficial adoption of effect sizes might preclude expert interpretation much like in the null-hypothesis significance test as widely received. One solution to this situation is bottom-up: promoting a balance of mechanical objectivity and expertise in the teaching of methods and research. This would require the acceptance and encouragement of expert interpretation within psychological science.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Boki Jaleha ◽  
I Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽  
Sugijanto Sugijanto ◽  
I Made Muliarta ◽  
Ketut Tirtayasa ◽  
...  

Pendahuluan: Myofascial pain syndrome otot upper trapezius merupakan gangguan muskuloskeletal pada otot upper trapezius akibat penggunaan otot secara berlebihan, postur yang jelek, dan repetitif mikrotrauma sehingga menyebabkan nyeri, taut band, kelemahan otot dan disabilitas pada daerah leher. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan efek kedua intervensi, Mckenzie Neck Exercise dan Dynamic Neck Exercise dalam menurunkan disabilitas leher pada penjahit dengan myofascial pain syndrome otot upper trapezius. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan rancangan randomized pre and post test two group design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 18 orang yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 9 orang. Kelompok I diberikan McKenzie Neck Exercise sedangkan Kelompok II diberikan Dynamic Neck Exercise. Perlakuan dilakukan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu dengan evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner penilaian Neck Disability Index (NDI). Hasil: Hasil uji statistik menggunakan paired-samples t test pada Kelompok I dengan rerata skor sebelum intervensi (23,8±2,1)% dan sesudah intervensi yaitu (16,4±2,4)% dengan nilai (p < 0,05) dan Kelompok II dengan rerata skor sebelum intervensi (23,6±2,2)% dan sesudah intervensi (20,9±2,3)% dengan nilai (p < 0,05). Uji beda hipotesis antara Kelompok I dengan Kelompok II menggunakan independent-samples t test diperoleh nilai (p < 0,05). Simpulan: McKenzie Neck Exercise lebih baik dalam menurunkan disabilitas leher daripada Dynamic Neck Exercise dengan myofascial pain syndrome otot upper trapezius. Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengontrol aktivitas pekerja dilingkungan kerja maupun tempat tinggal dan diperlukan adanya tindak lanjut ataupun pengawasan (follow up) sampel penelitian setelah berakhirnya program penelitian pada masing-masing sampel, untuk mengetahui hasil intervensi yang diberikan dapat memberikan efek jangka panjang.  


Mindfulness ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst ◽  
Lianne P. Hulsbosch ◽  
Ivan Nyklíček ◽  
Viola Spek ◽  
Anna Kastelein ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Mindful parenting (MP) interventions show promising results, but they mostly target parents (of children) with mental health problems. This study examined an online MP intervention for mothers with toddlers in a population-based sample. Aims were to assess acceptability and effectiveness of the intervention for mothers with and without parental stress, and examine their predetermined personal goals. Methods The study included 157 mothers with toddlers from the general population of whom 73 reported parental stress. The mothers participated in an 8-week online MP training. Questionnaires were completed at waitlist, pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Results Mothers rated the training positively, although only 23.1% completed the training. Personal goals were analyzed qualitatively, establishing four different themes: attention, well-being, patience, and balance. Significant improvements in personal goals posttest and follow-up were found (large and very large effect size, respectively). We found no significant improvements from waitlist to pretest for all outcome variables, except personal goals (medium effect size). Mixed-linear model analyses showed significant improvements posttest and follow-up as compared to pretest regarding Self-compassion, Parental over-reactivity and Symptoms of anxiety and depression (small to medium effect sizes). There was an effect at posttest for Parenting problems, and for Parental role restriction at follow-up (small effect sizes). Levels of parental stress and theme of personal goal did not influence the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions The current study provides initial evidence that an online MP training could be an easily accessible, inexpensive, and valuable intervention for parents without an indication for a therapist-assisted intervention. Trial Registration Dutch Trial Register (NTR7401)


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rozental ◽  
Roz Shafran ◽  
Tracey D Wade ◽  
Radha Kothari ◽  
Sarah J Egan ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Perfectionism can become a debilitating condition that may negatively affect functioning in multiple areas, including mental health. Prior research has indicated that internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy can be beneficial, but few studies have included follow-up data. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the outcomes at follow-up of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with guided self-help, delivered as 2 separate randomized controlled trials conducted in Sweden and the United Kingdom. METHODS In total, 120 participants randomly assigned to internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy were included in both intention-to-treat and completer analyses: 78 in the Swedish trial and 62 in the UK trial. The primary outcome measure was the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Concern over Mistakes subscale (FMPS CM). Secondary outcome measures varied between the trials and consisted of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ; both trials), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; Swedish trial), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7; Swedish trial), and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21; UK trial). Follow-up occurred after 6 months for the UK trial and after 12 months for the Swedish trial. RESULTS Analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between pretreatment and follow-up in both studies. Intention-to-treat within-group Cohen d effect sizes were 1.21 (Swedish trial; 95% CI 0.86-1.54) and 1.24 (UK trial; 95% CI 0.85-1.62) for the FMPS CM. Furthermore, 29 (59%; Swedish trial) and 15 (43%; UK trial) of the participants met the criteria for recovery on the FMPS CM. Improvements were also significant for the CPQ, with effect sizes of 1.32 (Swedish trial; 95% CI 0.97-1.66) and 1.49 (UK trial; 95% CI 1.09-1.88); the PHQ-9, effect size 0.60 (95% CI 0.28-0.92); the GAD-7, effect size 0.67 (95% CI 0.34-0.99); and the DASS-21, effect size 0.50 (95% CI 0.13-0.85). CONCLUSIONS The results are promising for the use of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy as a way of targeting perfectionism, but the findings need to be replicated and include a comparison condition.


2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schmand ◽  
H. M. Huizenga ◽  
W. A. van Gool

BackgroundAbnormal levels of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and atrophy of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are being used increasingly to diagnose early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated the claim that these biomarkers can detect preclinical AD before behavioural (i.e. memory) symptoms arise.MethodWe included all relevant longitudinal studies of CSF and MRI biomarkers published between January 2003 and November 2008. Subjects were not demented at baseline but some declined to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or to AD during follow-up. Measures of tau and beta-amyloid in CSF, MTL atrophy on MRI, and performance on delayed memory tasks were extracted from the papers or obtained from the investigators.ResultsTwenty-one MRI studies and 14 CSF studies were retrieved. The effect sizes of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid beta 42 (aβ42) ranged from 0.91 to 1.11. The effect size of MTL atrophy was 0.75. Memory performance had an effect size of 1.06. MTL atrophy and memory impairment tended to increase when assessed closer to the moment of diagnosis, whereas effect sizes of CSF biomarkers tended to increase when assessed longer before the diagnosis.ConclusionsMemory impairment is a more accurate predictor of early AD than atrophy of MTL on MRI, whereas CSF abnormalities and memory impairment are about equally predictive. Consequently, the CSF and MRI biomarkers are not very sensitive to preclinical AD. CSF markers remain promising, but studies with long follow-up periods in elderly subjects who are normal at baseline are needed to evaluate this promise.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Iredho Fani Reza ◽  
Magfiroh Magfiroh ◽  
Andre Novianto ◽  
Aripin Ilham ◽  
Eka Agustia Ningsih ◽  
...  

Fasting is not only an obligation for a Moslem, but it also benefits the lives of Moslems who are fasting. This study examines the effectiveness of fasting Monday and Thursday toward emotional intelligence in young Moslems. This research is a kind of quantitative research experiment with the one-group pretest-posttest design model. The samples in this study have amounted to 15 young Moslems. The method of data collection uses the scale of emotional intelligence. The data analysis technique uses paired samples t-test techniques. The result of this study shows that fasting Monday and Thursday is one of the factors that increase emotional intelligence in young Moslems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Irman Irman ◽  
Silvianetri Silvianetri ◽  
Zubaidah Zubaidah ◽  
Putri Yeni ◽  
Wahyu Gusria ◽  
...  

The dominant problem experienced by prospective brides who will marry is the low level of readiness to enter married life, if neglected, this condition will have an impact on satisfaction after marriage. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Islamic premarital counseling on increasing married life readiness. The research method used is experimental, especially the one group pretest and posttest design. The research population is prospective brides who have been registered at the Tanah Datar Regency Religious Affairs Office. The research sample was 8 people with the criteria indicated that the level of readiness for married life was low. Data were collected using a household readiness scale, with data analysis using the paired samples t test through the SPSS computer program. release 20. The results of the study found that Islamic premarital counseling is effective in increasing the readiness of married life of the prospective bride and groom. The increase occurred in every dimension of readiness for married life, namely mental, spiritual, social and financial readiness.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Farmus ◽  
Nataly Beribisky ◽  
Naomi Martinez Gutierrez ◽  
Udi Alter ◽  
Emily Panzarella ◽  
...  

Reporting and interpreting effect sizes has been recommended by all major bodies within the field of Psychology. In this systematic review, we investigated the reporting of ES in six Social-Personality Psychology journals from 2018, given that this area has been at the center of Psychology’s replication crisis. Our results highlight that although ES reporting is near perfect (even for follow-up tests), interpreting the magnitude of ESs, including confidence intervals for ESs, and interpreting the precision of the confidence intervals needs development. We also highlight widespread confusion regarding the interpretations of the magnitude of effect sizes within the context of the research.


2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Sezen Serpen ◽  
Melahat Demirbilek ◽  
Veli Duyan ◽  
Hamido A. Megahead

Objectives: This article examines homophobic attitude changes among undergraduate social work students in two major universities located in Ankara, Turkey. Method: The research was conducted in Ankara for 10 weeks with 54 volunteer students from Ankara University and Hacettepe University. During one term, nine movies were screened, a get-acquainted meeting was held, three information booklets were distributed, and the Homosexuality Attitudes Scale (HAS) was given at the beginning and end of the term. Results: The mean HAS score at the pretest was 166.28 ( SD = 35.33), and the mean posttest score was 146.93 ( SD = 41.09). A paired samples t-test found this reduction to be statistically significant at p < .05 level, with a Cohen’s d effect size of .52, r = .25. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that viewing gay-friend mainstream movies can contribute to a reduction in prejudice again homosexuals. Viewing such movies may be an important component of social work education aimed at enhancing favorable views toward diverse sexual orientations and promoting social workers’ ability to effectively engage with gays and lesbians in practice.


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