scholarly journals A Tight Spot: How Personality Moderates the Impact of Social Norms on Sojourner Adaptation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Geeraert ◽  
Ren Li ◽  
Colleen Ward ◽  
Michele Gelfand ◽  
Kali A. Demes
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Exchange Students ◽  
Home Culture ◽  
Host Culture ◽  
Intercultural Exchange ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Country Culture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

How do you navigate the norms of your new culture when living abroad? Taking an interactionist perspective, we examined how contextual factors and personality traits jointly affect sojourners’ adaptation to the host-country culture. We hypothesized that tightness (strong, rigidly imposed norms) of the host culture would be associated with lower levels of adaptation and that tightness of the home culture would be associated with higher levels of adaptation. Further, we proposed that the impact of tightness should be dependent on personality traits associated with navigating social norms (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and honesty-humility). We analyzed longitudinal data from intercultural exchange students ( N = 889) traveling from and to 23 different countries. Multilevel modeling showed that sojourners living in a tighter culture had poorer adaptation than those in a looser culture. In contrast, sojourners originating from a tighter culture showed better adaptation. The negative effect of cultural tightness was moderated by agreeableness and honesty-humility but not conscientiousness.

scholarly journals Why Do People (Not) Engage in Social Distancing? Proximate and Ultimate Analyses of Norm-Following During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Norton ◽  
Kortnee C. Evans ◽  
Ayten Yesim Semchenko ◽  
Laith Al-Shawaf ◽  
David M. G. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has had a profound negative effect on many aspects of human life. While pharmacological solutions are being developed and implemented, the onus of mitigating the impact of the virus falls, in part, on individual citizens and their adherence to public health guidelines. However, promoting adherence to these guidelines has proven challenging. There is a pressing need to understand the factors that influence people’s adherence to these guidelines in order to improve public compliance. To this end, the current study investigated whether people’s perceptions of others’ adherence predict their own adherence. We also investigated whether any influence of perceived social norms was mediated by perceptions of the moral wrongness of non-adherence, anticipated shame for non-adherence, or perceptions of disease severity. One hundred fifty-two Australians participated in our study between June 6, 2020 and August 21, 2020. Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest that (1) people match their behavior to perceived social norms, and (2) this is driven, at least in part, by people using others’ behavior as a cue to the severity of disease threat. Such findings provide insight into the proximate and ultimate bases of norm-following behavior, and shed preliminary light on public health-related behavior in the context of a pandemic. Although further research is needed, the results of this study—which suggest that people use others’ behavior as a cue to how serious the pandemic is and as a guide for their own behavior—could have important implications for public health organizations, social movements, and political leaders and the role they play in the fight against epidemics and pandemics.

scholarly journals When Will the Lockdown End? Confinement Duration Forecasts and Self-Reported Life Satisfaction in Spain: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Sabater-Grande ◽  
Aurora García-Gallego ◽  
Nikolaos Georgantzís ◽  
Noemí Herranz-Zarzoso
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Health State ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper reports results from a longitudinal study on the impact of the lockdown on daily self-reported life satisfaction levels during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. A stable panel (N = 1,131) of adult subjects were surveyed during 84 consecutive days (March 29–June 20, 2020). They were asked to report daily life satisfaction and health state levels. Interestingly, daily life satisfaction increased during the lockdown. At the beginning of the experiment, subjects were asked to guess the end-week of the lockdown, against a possible monetary reward for accurate forecasts. Subjects predicting a longer lockdown period reported a higher average level of daily life satisfaction. Females reported on average lower levels of daily life satisfaction, but exhibited a stronger tendency to report higher levels of life satisfaction, the longer their lockdown forecast. Individual heterogeneity in life satisfaction levels can be partly attributed to personality traits, with neuroticism having a negative effect, while extraversion and agreeableness having a positive effect on daily life satisfaction.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Contact Types of Study Abroad Students: The Peer Cohort, the Host Culture and the Electronic Presence of the Home Culture in Relation to Readiness and Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Victor Savicki
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Culture Contact ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
American Student ◽  
Home Culture ◽  
Host Culture ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Study Abroad Students

International educators have accepted the “contact hypothesis,” the premise that more student contact with a foreign culture is better. The current study examines this premise in more detail especially in regard to the “third culture” of American student peer cohorts, and the impact of continued electronic contact with student’s home culture.  In general, study abroad students spend approximately twice as much time in contact with each other than they do with individuals from the host culture.  Higher percentages of contact with other American student peers is related to lower readiness for study abroad, worse affective and behavioral outcomes, and different acculturative strategies. However, higher percentages of contact with the host culture is not necessarily related to better outcomes. Higher host culture contact is, however, related to better readiness, more functional coping strategies, and more active encounters with the host culture.  Electronic contact with the home culture is not negatively related to study abroad outcomes, and may support a more effective appraisal of the study abroad environment.  Higher percentages of contact with other American student peers by itself may not be the mechanism for difficulties that some students encounter; rather it may be a symptom of anxiety, negative expectations, and an imbalance of challenge over support.  Implications for program design are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intercultural Exchange on Secondary School Exchange Students and Their Host Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-933
Author(s):  
Manca Sustarsic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exchange Students ◽  
Culture Learning ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Intercultural Exchange ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Host Families

The last decade has seen a significant increase of international student mobility and a growing popularity of secondary school exchange programs in the United States and around the world. Drawing upon culture learning theory, the purpose of this study is to understand the impacts, challenges, and rewards of intercultural exchange on secondary school exchange students and their host families. I performed a case study of in-depth interviews with six students who were placed in Hawai’i for an academic year on the Kennedy-Lugar Youth Exchange and Future Leaders Exchange merit-based scholarships, as well as interviews with their volunteer host families. Findings show that intercultural exchange occurs as a two-way process. Both students and host families reap the benefits of intercultural exchange by way of active interaction and culture sharing that is enhanced by a positive student–host relationship. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Personality Traits on Perceived Investment Performance: The Moderating Role of Social Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ninditya Nareswari ◽  
Citra Wanodya Rahmani ◽  
Nugroho Priyo Negoro
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Each investor has an investment plan to reach their investment objectives. Perceived investment performance was affected by a high level of the psychological aspect.  The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the Big Five personality traits on the perception of investment performance. This study also tests the moderating role of social interaction. PLS-SEM was used to test the hypotheses. Used individual stock investors in Indonesia, the findings showed that openness personality had a negative effect on perceived investment performance. Otherwise, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism had a positive impact on perceived investment performance. The results also show that social interaction moderates the relationship between conscientiousness, agreeableness, and perceived investment performance. This result shows that information selection and investment knowledge is important when allocating asset to achieve investment objectives.

The impact of personality traits on organizational cynicism in the education sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Acaray ◽  
Seda Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Today’s organizations try to keep their employees loyalty but employees may still feel unsatisfied and adopt negative attitudes. Cynicism, as a negative attitude of employees toward their organization, leads to unwanted outputs such as lower performance or lower loyalties that can appear in every kind of sector. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of personality traits on organizational cynicism in the education sector. Design/methodology/approach This study used the survey method to collect data and survey forms were distributed to teachers from various private schools in Istanbul, Turkey. With the e-mail survey method, the authors received 254 healthy survey forms from teachers. For personality traits, the five-factor model of personality traits that was developed by McCrae and Costa (1987) was preferred and the organizational cynicism model was evaluated with three basic dimensions as based on Brandes’s (1997) model. Findings Based on data from 254 teachers of various private schools in Istanbul, interrelationships amongst personality traits and organizational cynicism were tested. On the basis of the partial least-squares method, the authors found that agreeableness had a negative effect on cognitive cynicism and affective cynicism, conscientiousness had a negative effect on cognitive cynicism and affective cynicism, neuroticism had a negative effect on cognitive cynicism and behavior cynicism, and openness to experience had a positive effect on cognitive cynicism and affective cynicism. Thus, it can be said that personality traits of teachers had a significant effect on organizational cynicism as a result of this study. Research limitations/implications This study used two main scales: the scale of McCrae and Costa (1987) for personality traits and the scale of Brandes (1997) for organizational cynicism. The authors adapted both the scales for Turkish culture and the education sector that the results can be considered valid for only this study. Originality/value This study shows a significant effect of personality traits on cynicism in the education sector and thus can be considered to be useful for future studies.

The Transnational Women's Rights Movement and the World Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Small Body ◽  
World System ◽  
World Society ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Society Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Promoting the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was a key objective of the transnational women's movement of the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, few studies examine what factors contribute to ratification. The small body of literature on this topic comes from a world-society perspective, which suggests that CEDAW represented a global shift toward women's rights and that ratification increased as international NGOs proliferated. However, this framing fails to consider whether diffusion varies in a stratified world-system. I combine world-society and world-systems approaches, adding to the literature by examining the impact of women's and human rights transnational social movement organizations on CEDAW ratification at varied world-system positions. The findings illustrate the complex strengths and limitations of a global movement, with such organizations having a negative effect on ratification among core nations, a positive effect in the semiperiphery, and no effect among periphery nations. This suggests that the impact of mobilization was neither a universal application of global scripts nor simply representative of the broad domination of core nations, but a complex and diverse result of civil society actors embedded in a politically stratified world.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

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