scholarly journals Revisiting the Integration Hypothesis: Correlational and Longitudinal Meta-Analyses Demonstrate the Limited Role of Acculturation for Cross-Cultural Adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762110064
Author(s):  
Kinga Bierwiaczonek ◽  
Jonas R. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Heritage Culture ◽  
Acculturation Theory ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Mainstream Culture

When moving to a new country or living in that country as ethnic-minority-group members, individuals have to relate to different cultural spheres. Scholars and practitioners commonly agree that how people acculturate influences their psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Integration (or biculturalism), which involves engagement in both one’s heritage culture and the dominant mainstream culture, is considered the most beneficial acculturation strategy. But how robust is the evidence for the role of acculturation in adaptation? Here, we present a reanalysis of a previous meta-analysis of mostly correlational studies ( k = 83, N = 23,197) and a new meta-analysis of exclusively longitudinal studies ( k = 19, N = 6,791). Results show that the correlational link between acculturation and adaptation is much weaker than previously assumed and that longitudinal evidence is minuscule at best. Our findings suggest that empirical support is still lacking for the most basic premises of acculturation theory.

scholarly journals Anxiety as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of depression: A narrative review of current status and conflicting findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510292098746
Author(s):  
Håvard R Karlsen ◽  
Florian Matejschek ◽  
Ingvild Saksvik-Lehouillier ◽  
Eva Langvik
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
Meta Analyses

The aim of this paper is to summarise and evaluate the empirical support for the association between anxiety and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to address challenges related to method and study design. We review results from meta-analyses and more recent findings on the association of anxiety and the risk of CVD. Depression and anxiety are often listed as psychosocial risk markers of CVD, but the role of anxiety as a risk factor for CVD has not received the same evidential support as the effects of depression. Through a narrative review we identified six meta-analyses as well as 15 recent large studies of anxiety and CVD that we summarise. Some of the conflicting findings may be artefacts of study design or population the sample is drawn from. Researchers should take care to be population specific, measurement specific and outcome specific, and to control for comorbid depression.

Compensating the Innocent: Perceptions of Exonerees’ Deservingness to Receive Financial Compensation for Wrongful Convictions

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 710-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry M. Karaffa ◽  
Jaimie Page ◽  
Julie M. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
Financial Compensation ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Those who have been wrongfully imprisoned face a variety of challenges upon reentering the community, and monetary compensation may be helpful in rebuilding one’s life following a period of incarceration. However, very little is known about factors that may impact public attitudes regarding compensation policy. Using a sample of 396 university students, we investigated the role of exonerees’ race/ethnicity and prior conviction history, as well as participants’ socially dominant and right-wing authoritarian attitudes in explaining beliefs about financial compensation. Results suggest that males, minority group members, and older participants tended to rate hypothetical exonerees as more deserving of financial compensation. Perceptions of deservingness for compensation did not differ according to the exonerees’ race/ethnicity, but exonerees who had no prior convictions were perceived as more deserving compared with those with prior misdemeanor or felony drug convictions. Participants’ right-wing authoritarianism scores were negatively associated with deservingness scores, whereas social dominance orientation scores were not significantly related to deservingness, after controlling for participant demographics and exoneree factors.

Meta-Analysis to Evaluate the Role of Interferon in Follicular Lymphoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2215-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z.S. Rohatiner ◽  
W.M. Gregory ◽  
B. Peterson ◽  
E. Borden ◽  
P. Solal-Celigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Remission Duration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Purpose To determine whether interferon (IFN) -α2, when given with or following chemotherapy, influences response rate, remission duration, and survival in newly diagnosed patients with follicular lymphoma. Patients and Methods Ten phase III studies evaluating the role of IFN-α2 in 1,922 newly diagnosed patients with follicular lymphoma were analyzed. Updated individual patient data were used to perform meta-analyses for response, survival, and remission duration. Results The addition of IFN-α2 to initial chemotherapy did not significantly influence response rate. An overall meta-analysis for survival showed a significant difference in favor of IFN-α2, but also showed significant heterogeneity between studies. Further analyses were carried out in order to explain this heterogeneity, and to define the circumstances in which IFN-α2 prolonged survival. The survival advantage was seen when IFN-α2 was given: (1) in conjunction with relatively intensive initial chemotherapy (2P = .00005), (2) at a dose ≥ 5 million units (2P = .000002), (3) at a cumulative dose ≥ 36 million units per month (2P = .000008), and (4) with chemotherapy rather than as maintenance therapy (P = .004). With regard to remission duration, there was also a significant difference in favor of IFN-α2, irrespective of the intensity of chemotherapy used, IFN dose, or whether IFN was given as a maintenance strategy or with chemotherapy. Conclusion When given in the context of relatively intensive initial chemotherapy, and at a dose ≥ 5 million units (≥ 36 × 106 units per month), IFN-α2 prolongs survival and remission duration in patients with follicular lymphoma.

scholarly journals Expressing Prejudice through the Linguistic Intergroup Bias: Second Language Confidence and Identity among Minority Group Members

2008 ◽  
pp. 109-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Shulman ◽  
Richard Clément1
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Linguistic Intergroup Bias

Abstract The role of verbal communication in the transmission of prejudice has received much theoretical attention (Hecht, 1998; Le Couteur & Augoustinos, 2001), including the features of the linguistic intergroup bias (Maass, Salvi, Arcuri, & Semin, 1989), yet few studies have examined the acquisition of an out-group language as a factor in mitigating prejudicial speech. The conditions under which minority Canadian Francophones use linguistic bias when communicating about the in- and out-group (i.e., Canadian Anglophones) were investigated. Data was collected from 110 Francophone students. Predictions were confirmed but only when out-group identification was considered. Further, out-group identification and second language confidence were both related to a decrease in out-group derogation; however, the same factors appear to promote linguistically biased speech toward the in-group. Results are discussed within current intergroup communication theory.

scholarly journals Less Adaptive or More Maladaptive? A Meta–analytic Investigation of Procrastination and Coping

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuschia M. Sirois ◽  
Ryan Kitner
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Maladaptive Coping ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Mood Repair ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Coping

Despite the theoretical and empirical accounts of trait procrastination as reflecting avoidance of aversive tasks as a means of mood repair, research documenting its links to coping is scarce and inconsistent. There is also little if any research to date examining whether coping strategies might explain the procrastination–stress relationship. The current research aimed to address these issues by integrating current research on procrastination and coping with our own data into a first meta–analysis of the associations of procrastination with adaptive and maladaptive coping and then testing the potential role of coping for understanding the procrastination–stress relationship. In Study 1, a literature search yielded five published papers and three theses, which were supplemented by seven unpublished data sets comprising 15 samples ( N = 4357). Meta–analyses revealed that procrastination was positively associated with maladaptive coping (average r = .31) and negatively associated with adaptive coping (average r = −.24). In Study 2, a meta–analysis of the indirect effects through coping across four samples revealed that the average indirect effects for maladaptive but not adaptive coping explained the link between procrastination and stress. These findings expand the nomological network of procrastination and highlight the role of maladaptive coping for understanding procrastinators‘ stress. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Diversity in health care institutions reduces Israeli patients’ prejudice toward Arabs

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. e2022634118
Author(s):  
Chagai M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Diversity in the lines of public institutions, such as hospitals, schools, and police forces, is thought to improve provision for minority group members. Nonetheless, whether and how diversity in public institutions shapes majority citizens’ prejudice toward minorities are unclear. Building on insights from the intergroup contact literature, I suggest that diversity in public institutions can facilitate positive intergroup contact between majority group members and minorities in elevated social positions. Such unique interactions, which exceed the equal status condition for effective intergroup contact, can serve to reduce prejudice and facilitate more inclusive attitudes among majority group members. To test this expectation, I focus on health care provision—a leading sector with regard to minority representation. Leveraging a natural experiment unfolding in 21 Israeli medical clinics where Jewish patients are haphazardly assigned to receive care from Jewish or Arab doctors and embedding prejudice-related questions in a routine evaluation survey, I demonstrate that brief contact with an Arab doctor reduces prejudice. Specifically, contact with an Arab doctor reduces Jewish patients’ exclusionary preferences toward Arabs by one-sixth of an SD and increases Jewish patients’ optimism about peace by a 10th of an SD. The modest magnitude of these effects is similar to the impact of well-powered interventions recently reviewed in a meta-analysis of prejudice reduction experiments. These findings emphasize how the demographic makeup of public institutions can reduce mass prejudice, even in a context of intractable conflict.

scholarly journals 10 easy steps to conducting transparent, reproducible meta-analyses for infant researchers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Gasparini ◽  
Sho Tsuji ◽  
Christina Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Robust Methods ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Analytic Models

Meta-analyses provide researchers with an overview of the body of evidence in a topic, with quantified estimates of effect sizes and the role of moderators, and weighting studies according to their precision. We provide a guide for conducting a transparent and reproducible meta-analysis in the field of developmental psychology within the framework of the MetaLab platform, in 10 steps: 1) Choose a topic for your meta-analysis, 2) Formulate your research question and specify inclusion criteria, 3) Preregister and carefully document all stages of your meta-analysis, 4) Conduct the literature search, 5) Collect and screen records, 6) Extract data from eligible studies, 7) Read the data into analysis software and compute effect sizes, 8) Create meta-analytic models to assess the strength of the effect and investigate possible moderators, 9) Visualize your data, 10) Write up and promote your meta-analysis. Meta-analyses can inform future studies, through power calculations, by identifying robust methods and exposing research gaps. By adding a new meta-analysis to MetaLab, datasets across multiple topics of developmental psychology can be synthesized, and the dataset can be maintained as a living, community-augmented meta-analysis to which researchers add new data, allowing for a cumulative approach to evidence synthesis.

The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Field of Hair Restoration and Facial Aesthetics—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya K. Gupta ◽  
Sarah G. Versteeg ◽  
Jeffrey Rapaport ◽  
Amelia K. Hausauer ◽  
Neil H. Shear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Facial Burns ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Acne Scarring ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Aging Skin

As a promising alternative to traditional treatment, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is being used to encourage hair growth through the release of growth factors and cytokines. In addition to hair restoration, PRP’s multifactorial capabilities can also be used to treat aging skin, facial scarring, and acne. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the success of PRP in the field of dermatology, with specific attention to the role of PRP in hair restoration. Where possible, meta-analyses were used to evaluate the efficacy of PRP. In androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients, 3 monthly PRP injections (1 session administered every month for 3 months) exhibited greater efficacy over placebo as measured by change in total hair density (hair/cm2) over the treatment period (mean difference: 25.61, 95% CI: 4.45 to 46.77; P = .02). The studies included in the meta-analysis used a half-head design, which may have influenced the results because of the effects PRP can induce. Controlled studies suggest that 2 to 4 sessions of PRP combined with traditional therapies and procedures can help minimize acne scarring and facial burns, improve aesthetic results, and decrease recovery time. However, data for these indications are lacking and are less robust in design. In conclusion, to achieve an improvement in hair restoration in patients with mild AGA, 3 initial monthly PRP injections should be given. Only upon completion of rigorous, randomized, controlled studies can standardized and effective PRP protocols for treating dermatology conditions such as acne scarring, facial burns, and aging skin be determined.

scholarly journals Evidence for Association of the E23K Variant ofKCNJ11Gene with Type 2 Diabetes in Tunisian Population: Population-Based Study and Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Lasram ◽  
Nizar Ben Halim ◽  
Sana Hsouna ◽  
Rym Kefi ◽  
Imen Arfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Allelic Association ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aims. Genetic association studies have reported the E23K variant ofKCNJ11gene to be associated with Type 2 diabetes. In Arab populations, only four studies have investigated the role of this variant. We aimed to replicate and validate the association between the E23K variant and Type 2 diabetes in Tunisian and Arab populations.Methods. We have performed a case-control association study including 250 Tunisian patients with Type 2 diabetes and 267 controls. Allelic association has also been evaluated by 2 meta-analyses including all population-based studies among Tunisians and Arabs (2 and 5 populations, resp.).Results. A significant association between the E23K variant and Type 2 diabetes was found (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.14–2.27, andP=0.007). Furthermore, our meta-analysis has confirmed the significant role of the E23K variant in susceptibility of Type 2 diabetes in Tunisian and Arab populations (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.15–1.46, andP<10-3and OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.13–1.56, andP=0.001, resp.).Conclusion. Both case-control and meta-analyses results revealed the significant association between the E23K variant ofKCNJ11and Type 2 diabetes among Tunisians and Arabs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document